Art. 165 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure kumagazini omusha nge ehlaziya

Art. 165 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure uye washintsha esincane kodwa esiphawulekayo. Inqubo yokuthola imvume abaphenyi kanye ejensi yophenyo ku ukusebenzisa izindlela ezithile zenqubo kunzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuyinto enkantolo. Futhi lezi zinkinga kudingeka ukumboza ukuze baqonde ngokunembile inqubo nemiphumela yaso.

Kuyini izenzo okuphenya

Abezomthetho Ziningi amandla ukuthi ubavumele ukuba sifeze bamba lesimbi kanye ukuvimbela izenzo eziyingozi emphakathini. Nokho, umuntu kufanele sikhumbule njalo ukuthi zonke izenzo kungukuthi kwenziwa bebodwa, ezinye zazo ezidinga izinqubo ezithile ukuthethwa kwecala. La maphuzu kufanele labizwa ngokuthi izinyathelo okuphenya ukuthi kubalulekile uphenyo.

Yini ubhekwa izindlela eyamukelekayo kakhulu imizimba komthetho? izenzo Investigative - iqoqo amasu ezisiza neziphathimandla abaseshi abaphenyi ukuba abuthe futhi uqinisekise wonke ubufakazi kuleli cala. Lena iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha liqine iqiniso, ngoba kulawulwa Ikhodi kanye neminye imithetho ehlukahlukene kahulumeni.

Inani isenzo okukhulunywa

Art. 165 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure kule nguqulo entsha ithi uphenyo, nakuba akubona bonke, kodwa imvume enkantolo. Lesi isikhathi sokuqala ezinquma ukuthi liyobe linjani ukubaluleka amasu anjalo. Isinqumo ngasinye zenqubo futhi isenzo imiphumela yezomthetho futhi kuthinte inkambo zobulelesi futhi efanele, kufanele ziqashwe, nokuthi kungenxa leli lungiselelo.

Eyesibili isici esibalulekile ngokulinganayo - iqiniso. Amathuluzi ukuthi umthetho inikeza ukuze bezomthetho, ngokusiza athole imiphumela emihle ekulweni nobugebengu. Indlela ephumelela ngokwengeziwe nophenyo, lo ngokushesha futhi ngendlela efanele, zenziwa, amathuba ngaphezulu ukuze uthole ubufakazi kuqondile futhi kuyiqiniso, futhi ukuqinisekisa ukunemba yabo.

Izinhlobo izenzo okuphenya

izindlela Ukwahlukanisa futhi izindlela ezisetshenziswa abaphenyi, zahlukahlukene ngempela. Lezi zindlela zingakhiqiza izifundo, ubukhulu izinyathelo ezisetshenzisiwe, imiyalo yabo ukuqaliswa, ukubunjwa lezi abahlanganyeli isinyathelo nabanye abaningi. Nokho, umthetho icacisa izinhlobo amathuluzi ukusiza collect futhi uqinisekise ubufakazi. Ngisho Art. 165 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure igxile ezinye zazo, ikhumbula ngokucacile yayo.

Ngakho, i-Criminal Procedure uMthetho nokulungiswa kwamaphutha izinyathelo ezilandelayo: yosesho kanye kokuquleka, bephenywa luhlolo, experiment okuphenya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhuba kokuxilongwa, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlonza, ukuqinisekiswa ubufakazi, le ngxabano, ekuthatheni mail, okuqoshiwe kanye ngilalele ekusithekeni. Nokho, akuzona zonke enye yalawo mathuluzi oludinga kuthathwe isinqumo senkantolo njengesisekelo uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza.

Art. 165 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure engxenyeni yokuqala ithi isinqumo esibophezelayo wenkantolo esimweni yosesho kanye sokuwa, sokuwa, wiretapping nokuxhumana phakathi kwabasebenzisi, kanye ukuqaliswa kokuhlolwa. Abanye aphakanyisiwe ngenhla nophenyo engenziwa kuphela ngesisekelo umyalo ezitholwe ngumphenyi. Futhi, isinqumo senkantolo lapho ludingeka lokumbiwa, uma kunesidingo ukuze kuphenywe.

Imigomo izenzo okuphenya

Ngaphambi kwenhloko yomnyango okuphenya noma imibuzo niye enkantolo isicelo ukubamba labo noma nezinye izenzo abalulekile uphenyo, kumelwe uqiniseke ukuthi uyahlangabezana lezimo eziningana, okuyinto, isimiso, enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba sisebenzise noma yiziphi izindlela zokuqoqa nokuhlolwa ubufakazi. Thola izidingo ezimbalwa okumelwe ahlangabezane nazo ngaphambi inqubo okwengeziwe ibhekisela kulesi Ijaji.

Eyokuqala imfuneko - khona tinchubo. Uma kungaqali ke asikwazi ukukhuluma nanoma uphenyo oshiwo ngenhla. Eyesibili isimo - ukuba khona unswinyo. Ngokuvamile kuziwa umshushisi. Eyesithathu - isihloko, okungukuthi, ukuba benze isenzo kufanele nomuntu ogunyazwe ngakho. Futhi esinye isimo - zenqubo izimfuneko okumelwe ahlangabezane nazo ngokuhambisana Ikhodi Criminal Procedure, nome kubate emandla, bagcina ngeke babe.

Isicelo izenzo okuphenya

Umbuzo lokuya enkantolo ukugunyaza ukusetshenziswa izindlela ezithile ukuthola ubufakazi audit art kusungulwa. 165 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure njengoba uchitshiyelwe. Nge amazwana kule kuyinsakavukela kungakhanyisa ngokugcwele yodaba olucutshungulwayo, ngaphandle asebenzise ukuguqulwa nakweminye imibhalo yemithetho. Ngakho, liyini inqubo zokugcwalisa isicelo ukuqaliswa izenzo okuphenya?

Umphenyi noma umphenyi usiwa ekhotho. Kubalulekile ukuthi noma kwemvume kwenhloko yomnyango uphenyo, noma ngenkululeko umshushisi, ngokulandelana. Independence kule ndaba abanalo abasebenzi igunya, ukuqapha saziso yiziphathimandla. Ngesenzo ngasinye, kuhlanganise isikhalazo enkantolo, umthetho bese ezilotshwe ifayela icala.

Kwezinye izimo inselele izenzo umphenyi umshushisi. Nokho, uma kungekho Ukuphika kusuka izinhloko emizimbeni asilandelwanga futhi inkantolo yasamukela lesi sikhalazo, eseqhubeka wabe isinyathelo esilandelayo, okungukuthi, ukucabangela ngokushesha isicelo enkantolo kanye ukwamukelwa of izixazululo eziqondile.

Stage kokucubungula isicelo yinkantolo

Into yokuqala kufanele sinake - inkantolo. Art. 30 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure njengoba uchitshiyelwe sisungula ziningi izinto ukunikeza ithuba lokuyofunda kunjalo ngefomethi ehlukile. Lokhu kungaba ngokuhlanganyela izinqumo, futhi mhlawumbe ematheni, kuye ngokuthi indawo kanye nezinye izimo ezihlukahlukene efanayo.

Uma sikhuluma ngendaba uphenyo, umthetho ichaza umthetho ocacile. Art. 165 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure elungisa ukuthi lezi zicelo kufanele kubhekwe yijaji elilodwa kuphela, futhi yiyona enkantolo yesifunda noma empini uma kudingwa imininingwane yalolu icala. Enye okufana ngesinqumo akukwazi, kusukela i-Criminal Procedure uMthetho categorical kulesi sici.

Ngokuqondene abahlanganyeli khona enkantolo, Ikhodi Criminal Procedure futhi ichaze ngokucacile abantu abakhona kulo. Inkantolo engxenyeni ematheni umphenyi noma lo mseshi, kuye ngokuthi ashiwo ubani uqondisa isicelo, futhi ngokufanelekile, umshushisi, abavame wenza kulo msebenzi mayelana nokwengamela. Kungenzeka futhi ummangalelwa iqhaza ngokuhambisana Civil Code.

ekuthathweni

Ukucutshungulwa isicelo wenziwa ngokuhambisana Art. 165 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure. Ngokuqondene nokukhulumela ngohlelo lesi sihloko, ungakwazi ukunquma oda kanjani isinqumo futhi ukuthi iyini, isimiso, kungaba. Ukwengamela zisekelwe kuphela amaqiniso kanye nesidingo ukusebenzisa lezo noma nezinye izenzo okuphenya.

Ijaji libona sicelosikhalo ahanjiswe khona bonke abahlanganyeli kule nqubo. Uma kudingekile, angase alalele esinye izincazelo eziningi agumenti ukuthi uqinisekise isidingo ukubhalisa kwanoma iyiphi izinyathelo. Ekugcineni, usihlalo womhlangano uyothatha isinqumo okusho noma ikuphi ukwamukelwa isicelo, noma uyaphika ke.

Aphikise isinqumo wenkantolo

Noma isiphi isinqumo yijaji, kungakhathaliseki sinqumo, obusa noma isinqumo, ngokuhambisana nomthetho ngekufaka sicelo enkantolo ephakeme. Kungakhathaliseki udaba asondezwe Ijaji, umphumela singashintshwa uma abathintekayo ngakho oyifunayo. I yokudlulisela amacala izimvume enkantolo bese siyafundwa izicelo zabo ezazilethwa ezafakwa umphenyi noma obuzayo.

Rule yesikhalazo - kuba uhlobo nje okungaqondile yobuciko. 165 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure. Ngakho, nentshisekelo kubuyekezwe isinqumo seNkantolo ungafaka isikhalazo enkantolo ephakeme, ie zesifunda, ukuze uthathe isinqumo ngesicelo yezenzo okuphenya, noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyaphika kubo iye ebuyekeziwe. Lokhu kungenziwa abaphenyi kanye abaphenyi nomshushisi. Kwezinye izimo kungase kube nentshisekelo ummangalelwa civil.

Ukukhishwa amahora. 5 v. 165 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure

Umthetho uchaza ngokucacile uhlu lwezenzo evumela ukuqaliswa kuphela yinkantolo. Nokho, zikhona izimo lapho umthetho kungenziwa i-, ngokombono ukuphuthuma isinyathelo, ukubaluleka kwabo kanye nesidingo Ukubuyekeza sokwahlulelwa le nkinga kungase kuthathe isikhathi, obekungadala eziwusizo kakhulu.

Ingxenye 5, Art. 165 Ikhodi-Criminal Procedure uthi ingqondo isibuyile, usesho, ekuthatheni impahla kanye nezinye izimo kungase kube ukungabi khona isinqumo senkantolo. Uma isenzo esinjalo siphuthuma kanye isikhathi izindlela okumele zilandelwe umane ungaphenduki, ke lo mseshi noma umphenyi umane wenze isinqumo mayelana nokwenziwa yezindlela avunyelwe ngaphandle Sokuzivikela egunyeni zokwahlulela, kulesi simo amahora angu-24 ukwazisa Ijaji nomshushisi.

Nokho, futhi kule kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga umshwana. Amazwana isihloko kusikisela ukuthi kunabathile uphenyo, okungukuthi lokumbiwa, ekuthatheni umbuso amaphepha abalulekile, amarekhodi izingxoxo zocingo, kanye ukusetshenziswa izinyathelo sibhekwe njengendlela kwesisekelo emtholampilo, ungavumeli ukusetshenziswa ezimele hhayi, ababhekwa esiphuthumayo futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele kuhambisane isinqumo senkantolo .