Isikhundla Geographical yeRussia. Isikhundla ezindawo yeRussia, endaweni endaweni, amaphuzu kakhulu

Russia - kwekulu by endaweni yezwe emhlabeni. Yini indawo ke ithatha? Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko isikhundla geopolitical futhi kwezomnotho kanye ezindawo Russia?

ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana Russia

isimo Modern Russian uvele kumephu emhlabeni kuphela ngo-1991. Nakuba ekuqaleni wekuba sive yayo kwavela okuningi ngaphambili - eminyaka mayelana nanye edlule.

Russia Modern - republic kohlobo sikahulumeni. Siqukethe 85 izifundo, ezahlukene ngobukhulu nesibalo sabantu. Russia - isimo sezizwe ezihlukahlukene, okuyinto ekhaya emaqenjini engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili yobuhlanga.

Leli zwe isithekelisi lamafutha, igesi, amadayimane, platinum kanye titanium esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Libuye omunye abaholi bezwe ekukhiqizeni ammonia, umanyolo izikhali. Russian Federation - omunye isikhala ehola namandla enuzi zomhlaba.

Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko indawo Russian womhlaba? Lokhu Kuzoxoxwa.

Isikhundla ezindawo ka Russia: insimu, endaweni, labantu Endpoints

Izwe oluthatha indawo enkulukazi kwezigidi ezingu 17.1 square metres. km (kwasekuqaleni ngokuya endaweni emhlabeni). Ibanga amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi kusukela ogwini kweBlack Sea Baltic Sea entshonalanga kuya iBering Strait empumalanga. Ubude izwe ukusuka enyakatho kuya impumalanga 4000 km.

Imikhawulo insimu yase Russia okulandelayo (bonke uboniswa obomvu izimpawu ezivamile ebalazweni elingezansi):

• Northern - Cape Fligely (in the ezahlukene Franz-Joseph);
• eningizimu - eduze kwale ntaba Kichensuv (e Dagestan);
• West - kwi Vistula Amathe (Kaliningrad Region);
• East - Ratmanova Isiqhingi (iBering Strait).

Russia ezicishe zibe 14 uthi ezimele, kanye uthi ezimbili kancane neyaziwayo (Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia). A qiniso eliyimpicabadala: ama-75% insimu itholakala e-Asia, kodwa ekhaya zaseYurophu cishe 80% abantu baseRussia. Inani labantu Russia: abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-147 (kusukela ngomhla ka-January 1, 2017).

Geographical isikhundla Russia

insimu yonke iRussia kubekwe phakathi eNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi cishe zonke (ngaphandle ingxenye encane amaChukchi Autonomous District) - ngaphakathi Eastern Nenkabazwe. Isimo Itholakala Eurasia enyakatho nasenkabeni futhi ihlanganisa cishe 30% I-Asia.

Ogwini enyakatho yeRussia ubizwa wageza ngasoLwandle Arctic Ocean kanye empumalanga - Pacific. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga it has kundawo ukuze Sea, elingelakwaJuda Atlantic Ocean umcengezi. Leli zwe isikhathi eside phakathi wonke amazwe ubude emhlabeni ugu - ezingaphezu kuka-37 eziyinkulungwane amakhilomitha. Lawa izici eziyinhloko isikhundla ngokomzimba nokuma kwezwe yeRussia.

Izwe ine ukujula okukhulu ukwehluka yemvelo isisetshenziswa ezingaba khona. Ngezinye izikhala elalivuliwe amafutha abacebile igesi, itshe-nsimbi, titanium, ithini nickel, ithusi, i-uranium, igolide kanye idayimane. Russia Ubuye omkhulu amanzi ihlathi imithombo. Ikakhulukazi, ugodo ihlanganiswa cishe 45% endaweni yayo.

Ivelele nezinye izici ezibalulekile yesikhundla ngokomzimba nokuma kwezwe yeRussia. Ngakho, ingxenye enkulu yezwe itholakala enyakatho-degree angu-60 enyakatho nenkabazwe, ezonini ye eyiqhwa. Futhi Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ezinzima sezulu, ziphoqelelwa ukuba ziphile izigidi zabantu. Konke lokhu Yiqiniso, zashiya izibazi ukuphila, isiko kanye namasiko abantu Russian.

IRussia ingelinye kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ezolimo okuyingozi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ekukhuleni kahle ezolimo ingxenye enkulu kunzima noma kungenakwenzeka. Ngakho, ezingxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe akuyona ukushisa ngokwanele, eningizimu, kunalokho, kukhona isomiso. Lezi zici yokuma ezindawo Russia kuthinte kakhulu ku emkhakheni wezolimo, kwezomnotho, okuyinto siyidinga impela osizweni lukahulumeni.

Izingxenye futhi amazinga isimo somnotho nokuma kwezwe yezwe

Ngaphansi isimo somnotho kanye nendawo (EGP) we izwe noma isifunda ukuqonda isiqalo nesigcino ukuxhumana nobudlelwano ngabanye amabhizinisi, nemizana futhi ezindaweni izinto zitholakala ngaphandle kwezwe futhi kungaba nethonya elinamandla kuso.

Ososayensi ukuhlonza izingxenye ezilandelayo EGP:

• ezokuthutha;
• zezimboni;
• agrogeograficheskoe;
• lokubala ubuningi babantu;
• zokungcebeleka;
• emakethe (isikhundla mayelana izimakethe).

Ukuhlolwa izwe noma isifunda EGP eyenziwa emazingeni amathathu ahlukene: micro, Meso futhi ezingeni Macro. Ngokulandelayo, sizohlola macrolocation Russia maqondana nezwe elingaphandle iyonke.

Ikakhulukazi izinguquko isikhundla kwezomnotho nokuma kwezwe Russia

Usayizi insimu - isici esibaluleke kakhulu futhi kusizakale isikhundla kwezomnotho kanye ezindawo ka eRussia, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa kakhulu amathemba. It ivumela izwe ukunikeza ophikweni olunamandla afanele zomsebenzi, kuba okunengqondo ukubeka amabutho azo elikhiqizayo, njll, Russia imingcele yamazwe nane ezintaba zase-Eurasia, kuhlanganise - .. Namandla lezimpahla kumila China, Ukraine, Kazakhstan. netekutfutsa eziningi ukuqinisekisa Ukubambisana eduze ne emazweni Western futhi eYurophu Ephakathi.

Lapha, mhlawumbe, izici eziyinhloko Russian indawo i nature kwezomnotho. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba ushintshe emashumini amuva eminyaka? Futhi ukulishintsha?

Ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR isimo somnotho nokuma kwezwe yezwe iye yawohloka. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke kwezokuthutha. Phela, ukufinyelela waseRussia ezindaweni osendaweni ebalulekile kweBlack Sea Baltic Sea ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 kungagcini kakhulu, futhi izwe abangamakhulu amaningana amakhilomitha ibanga kusuka emazweni athuthukile yeYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Russia ilahlekelwe eziningi izimakethe zayo zendabuko.

Isikhundla geopolitical Russia

isikhundla geopolitical - lena indawo yezwe enkundleni yezwe yezombangazwe, ubudlelwane bayo nabanye uthi. On wonke, Russia has amathuba abanzi ngokubambisana kwezomnotho, kwezombusazwe, ezempi, angokwesayensi nolwazi nge amazwe amaningi eYurophu nase-Asia kanye nezwe.

Nokho, akubona bonke uthi, la ubudlelwane bayatfutfuka kahle. Ngakho, eminyakeni yamuva nje siye kakhulu sawohloka ubudlelwane phakathi eRussia eziningi NATO amazwe - eCzech Republic, Romania, Poland, abake baba umbimbi eduze zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Leli qiniso, ngasendleleni, ngokuthi kwekulu Russian ukunqotshwa geopolitical ekhulwini entsha.

Complex futhi kunalokho sihlale buhle ubudlelwane yaseRussia eziningi wangaphambili republic aseSoviet: Ukraine, Georgia, eMoldova, emazweni aseBaltic esifundeni. Kuyaphawuleka washintsha isimo geopolitical yezwe ngo-2014 ne ukubusa enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea (ikakhulu esifundeni Black Sea).

Izinguquko kule sikhundla geopolitical Russia e zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili

Uma sicabangela iminyaka eyikhulu edlula, rearrangement eziphathekayo iningi amabutho yaseYurophu emhlabeni ezombusazwe kwenzeka ngo-1991. Ukuwa eU.SSR isimo esinamandla kwaholela uchungechunge izinguquko ezinkulu isimo geopolitical eRussia:

• kanye azungezwe Russia sekukhona angaphezu kweshumi nambili uthi abasha abazimele ngawo kwakudingekile ukusungula uhlobo olusha ubuhlobo;
• Soviet khona lempi ekugcineni kwavala eziningi eMpumalanga Ephakathi eYurophu;
• LaseRussia lathola e isakhiwo kuyinkinga futhi abasengozini umphakathi - the Kaliningrad esifundeni;
• NATO Bloc lempi kancane kancane waya ku ngqo imingcele Russian.

Nokho, eminyakeni eyishumi edlule sesisitholile ubudlelwane phakathi Russia nase-Jalimane, China, Japan, India sasivumela eqinile futhi ezosiza.

Ukuphothula: Russia ezweni lanamuhla

Russia usesikhundleni nsimu yabo enkulukazi, ukuba abantu omkhulu futhi zemvelo isisetshenziswa ezingaba khona. Namuhla-ke yilona zwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni futhi umdlali enkulu ephasini mazombe. Ungagqamisa izici ezibaluleke kakhulu indawo Russian womhlaba, nanka:

1. Ubukhulu bomhlaba nomkhathi isikhala matasa nobude omkhulu imingcele.
2. An ezihlukahlukene ngendlela emangalisayo izimo zemvelo kanye nemithombo yosizo.
3. KaMose (non-nekufana) zokuhlala kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho zensimu.
4. Amathuba inzuzo, nokubambisana bezempi nabezombusazwe enye ukuphangwa ne ezifundazweni ezihlukahlukene angomakhelwane, kuhlanganise umnotho ezinkulu kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla.
5. Impermanence kanye nokuntengantenga ka isimo geopolitical yezwe phakathi namashumi eminyaka edlule.

isikhundla Geographical Russia kuhluke inzuzo kakhulu. Kodwa lezi zinzuzo (zemvelo, kwezomnotho, zamasu kanye geopolitical), kubalulekile ukuba zifunde indlela efanele futhi ephumelelayo zisebenzisa, eqondisa ukuba andise amandla ezweni nenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi zalo.