Zika igciwane eRussia: izimpawu, izindlela yokudlulisela, imiphumela

Ngo-2016, kubika amacala Zika igciwane wabhaliswa eRussia. Siyini ngempela lesi sifo, futhi usongo iletha kwabanye, zama ukuqonda. ERussia ke akunjalo lokuqala isifo. efakwe Ngaphambili 5 kubantu abanaleli gciwane ngaphezulu, okumanje wasimama ngokugcwele.

Zika igciwane eRussia - kuyinto evamile. Yethulwa by abahambi eCaribbean. Zonke itheleleke babe eseholidini e-Dominican Republic. Abathwali igciwane - omiyane bohlobo lwe-Aedes. esiyingozi nakakhulu isifo kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lesifo kubangela ukuthuthukiswa microcephaly ku-fetus, okuholela ukulimala kobuchopho sina umntwana ongakazalwa.

Lapho lesi sifo elaqala ukutholwa?

Njengoba sekushiwo, Zika igciwane eRussia sokuqala esilotshwe Februwari 2016. Kodwa ekuqaleni ulwazi mayelana isifo uvele 1947. Izazi zesayensi ziye zakhomba sifo izinkawu Rhesus owawuhlala ihlathi Sika (Uganda), kuba behlonipha endaweni kanye igciwane lethiwa. Kubantu, isifo kwatholakala ku-yalolucwaningo 50 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ososayensi wasungula kinship udenga futhi Zeke. Abathwali kokubili pathologies kukhona omiyane bohlobo lwe-Aedes aegypti.

Kungakapheli neminyaka engu-60 ngemva ukuhlonza ejenti causative kuyinto kubika bengekho ngaphezu kwama-15 amacala ongabantu. Njengoba isifo phakathi kwayo yonke le minyaka ubelokhu ngempela ezingavamile, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba akuthathi sina usongo kungenzeka. Re ukhuluma ngalesi sifo ngo-2007, lapho lesi sifo watholakala esiqhingini ka Yap. Ngo-2013, ukutheleleka wamshaya izakhamizi zaseFrench Polynesia, futhi ngo-2015-ke sandile isimo ngobukhulu eNingizimu Melika - Brazil.

Iyini ingozi yokuquba ngaphansi igciwane Zika

Kufanele sivume ukuthi ukwethuka elihlobene ne ukubonakala Zika imfiva - hhayi ngaphandle kwesizathu. Lesifo kubangela kwezinso obukhulu kwengane esiswini ngoba angadluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya enganeni ngokusebenzisa placenta. Ingozi embi kunazo zonke Yileso amabhere isifo ezinganeni esibelethweni. Uma owesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa abelethwe Zika igciwane, imiphumela kuholele microcephaly fetus. ugebhezi lwakhe ngenxa zokugula iba ngokungavamile yayincane, ingane waphawula ngeziphambeko izitho ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa, futhi komqondo.

Njengoba isifo bengayiqondi ngokugcwele, ososayensi engahileli ngokuqondile ezihlobene Zika imfiva zikhala microcephaly, nakuba ngokuphelele futhi musa ukuphika ukuthi isifo angakhiqiza ngeziphambeko ezinjalo.

Esinye isimo esibucayi ukuchayeka igciwane Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ekuqaleni, lesi sifo sihlasela amalunga omzimba aphansi, kancane okukhwantabalisayo kubo. Kodwa nge ukuthuthukisa lesi sifo, ukukhubazeka kuthinta nezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kuhlanganise emaphashini, okuholela ekugcineni asphyxia futhi zingaba yingozi.

Lapho Zika igciwane sabhalwa ngo 2016

Yikuphi amazwe kokugqashuka emibi kakhulu isifo Zika imfiva ngo-2016? Ngokuthakazelisayo, uma ezindaweni ngaphambili sendawo atholiwe kuphela ezwekazini lase-Afrika, kodwa manje igciwane sasakazekela. yezifo aye alotshwa ezindaweni lapho kushisa bhé:

• amazwe Central African;
• Indonesia namazwe itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia;
• ENingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi;
• e-India.

Entwasahlobo ka-2016 umqedazwe ishanelwe Brazil. Mayelana 500 ayizinkulungwane izakhamuzi zaleli zwe baye bahlupheka isifo izimbangela le Zika igciwane. I izimpawu zesifo azibonakali ngesimo:

• umkhuhlane;
• ukuqubuka esikhumbeni;
• bekhanda migraine;
• ubuhlungu emalungeni.

Kancane kancane, isifo sandile kuya Venezuela, eMexico, Colombia, Guatemala. Ngokwezibalo, ukutheleleka nokuqubuka aye alotshwa emazweni 23 emhlabeni wonke. Abantu abangenwe negciwane sezihlonziwe eCanada, mazwe iDenmark, iFrance, Sweden ngisho naseRussia.

Iziphi izindlela idluliselwa Zika imfiva

Njengoba odokotela esungulwe, kunezindlela ezintathu ukutheleleka esachazwa igciwane yilezi:

• bite the omiyane okuqondene uhlobo lwe-Aedes aegypti;
• transplatsentarno - ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa itheleleke umama bangadlulisela igciwane enganeni;
• ngesikhathi ukusondelana nomuntu onegciwane.

Ngemva ukungenwa yigciwane Isiguli akha amasosha omzimba enamandla yilesi sifo. Phinda kumuntu ayisekho uyingozi kwabanye, njengoba kuba non-esithathelanayo.

symptomatology lesi sifo

engaveza kanjani Zika igciwane? Izimpawu akwenzeki ngokushesha emva kokutheleleka. Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni ingahlala kusuka 3 kuya 12 izinsuku, ngemva kwalokho umzimba nobuso isiguli eba ukuqubuka, ubuhlungu esiyitholayo ikhanda, emalungeni nomgogodla. Kukhona nomkhuhlane kungase kuhambisane imfiva, conjunctivitis, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Kodwa hhayi izimpawu njalo izimpawu ayakhanya futhi kabuhlungu. Ngokwezibalo, 1 kuphela aphume amacala 5 abantu fixed kakhulu isifo nesenzakalo.

Zika ukwelashwa imfiva

Ngeshwa, wokugoma ngokumelene lolu hlobo igciwane alikho. Njengoba ezikhathini eziningi, imfiva Zeke okuphuma kunalokho kalula, uhlobo oluthile lokwelapha kuyadingeka.

Ukuze ususe ubuhlungu, analgesics ukuthatha anhlobonhlobo imisebenzi angathengwa ngasiphi ekhemisi. okushisa ephakeme kalula ukunciphisa antipyretics ezivamile. It is ibuye Kunconywa ukuba uthole phumula ngokwanele futhi uphuze amanzi e eyanele kobukhulu.

Zika igciwane eRussia - into ezingavamile. Nokho, uma usanda waya ezweni nge kushisa bhé, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wacosha ukutheleleka. Ngakho-ke, uma usola ukuthi isifo igciwane Zika futhi izimpawu liphinyiselwe, futhi lesi sifo kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuba kudokotela.

Njengoba sishilo, ingozi enkulu lesi sifo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ikakhulukazi senyanga yokuqala, lapho umbungu akhiwa zonke izitho neenkambiso. Nakuba-ke akuyona kungase kutholakale ukuthi igciwane kuholela ukuthuthukiswa microcephaly ku-fetus, ochwepheshe abaningi attribute ukuvela kwalesi zokugula naye.

Ngo eBrazil, nayo eyayiyikoloni kokugqashuka elikhulu abagulela ukufa, sitholakele "microcephaly" ukuqinisekisile 270 izinsana. Okuningi mayelana 3,5 ezinkulungwane ezingane unezimpawu pathology Kwahlolisiswa isiqinisekiso olunembile lesi sifo.

Ingabe ikhona indlela ukuze azivikele imfiva Zeke?

Kusukela igciwane wokugoma alikho, indlela kuphela ukuze ivikele isifo lokuvikela. Omiyane uhlobo Aedes aegypti batholakala emazweni nge Isimo sezulu esishisayo, ngakho kwabakhileyo kulezi zifunda futhi ngokuvakashela abantu Kunconywa:

• usebenzise nemithi yokuxosha kulezi izinambuzane;
• musa ukuvula amafasitela emakamelweni, uma kungukuthi ifakwe amanetha omiyane;
• ngoba uhamba endleleni, kufanele bagqoke izingubo ukuthi ihlanganisa umzimba ngangokunokwenzeka.

ukuthi igciwane kusongela izakhamuzi zaseRussia

Abantu abaningi banesithakazelo umbuzo - ingabe ukhona Russian Zika igciwane, futhi lingokoqobo kangakanani elakho usongo ukutheleleka ngoba abakhileyo ezweni. Thina khawuleza bathi kusukela Russian Federation obuka omiyane bohlobo lwe-Aedes ingekho, ziyingozi izakhamuzi zawo incane. Nakuba 6 amacala ukutheleleka nge imfiva sabhalwa ngo-2016, kodwa isifo epidemiological akuyona kwenziwe. Zika igciwane uvele Russia sibonga izivakashi abenza iholidi baye eDominican Republic futhi zazinayo ngemva kokuba singenile izinambuzane.

Ukuze ugweme ukusabalala kwaleso sifo neziphathimandla bandisa ukulawula sanitary ezikhumulweni zezindiza. Futhi, uhlelo lakhiwe ukuxilonga imfiva Zika. Ihlangano yokuNgeza Virology uqalile ukuhlola umenzeli causative, okuzokwenza ukuthuthukisa wokugoma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Rospotrebnadzor wanyathelisa uhlu uthi, ukuvakashelwa okuyinto akuphephile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ngenxa yesimo samanje epidemiological kulezi zindawo. Uhlu kuhlanganisiwe emazweni angu-27 lapho yezifo aye alotshwa.