Carbon Technical, ekuwulungiseleleni

Carbon abamnyama (GOST 7885-86) - thayipha imikhiqizo carbon zezimboni, wasebenzisa ikakhulu iraba njengoba yamathebhu, gcizelela impahla yayo nenzuzo ukusebenza. Ngokungafani coke walimisa cishe elilodwa carbon black ngokubukeka sifana.

sphere kwesicelo

Cishe u-70% ekhiqizwa carbon black isetshenziswa womshini amathayi, 20% - womshini imikhiqizo kuyo izihlahla zenjoloba. Futhi, i-carbon Technical isetshenziswa upende womshini nomkhiqizo uyinki, lapho ukhonza njengomdala sombala omnyama.

Enye insimu kwesicelo - ukukhiqizwa kwe epulasitikini futhi emgodleni ikhebula. Lapha umkhiqizo njengomphathi yamathebhu nokwenza imikhiqizo anezakhi ezikhethekile. Ngo yabadobi carbon black isetshenziswa kwezinye izimboni.

sici

Carbon omnyama - inqubo umkhiqizo ehlanganisa zakamuva zobunjiniyela nobuchwepheshe futhi izindlela zokuvimbela. Ngenxa ebumsulweni nasebunyeni kanye nesethi ngokuqinile echaziwe Izakhiwo futhi amakhemikhali, ke akuhlangene umusi kwakhiwa njengoba eceleni kungangcoliswa kusuka nowoyela fuel, noma angahlelekile omlilo izinjini. Ngokusho olwamukelwa ngezigaba international carbon black esiqokiwe Carbon Black (carbon omnyama e ukuhumusha kusuka ngesiNgisi), carbon black ngesiNgisi - umule. Okungukuthi, imiqondo le okwamanje neze udidekile.

Okhulisa umphumela ngenxa carbon black iraba egcwele babengenalo ayibalulekile kunalokho kuvulwa sulphur izimo injoloba iqine sokuthuthukiswa embonini zenjoloba. I izingoma iraba carbon inqwaba izithako ngesisindo lifaka iraba yesibili. Umthelela izakhiwo qualitative carbon black imikhiqizo iraba kakhulu mkhulu kunezinhliziyo qualitative esiyinhloko - zenjoloba.

yokugcizelela izakhiwo

Okuthuthukisiwe Izakhiwo elinama ngokwethula a yamathebhu ngokuthi ukuqinisa (ukugcizelela), kanye yokukhulisa umsindo zokuphumula ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi fillers (carbon omnyama, ukugqashuka Silica). Phakathi kwabo bonke labo yokukhulisa umsindo ngempela azifani carbon lobuchwepheshe. Ngisho kokuba ayiphulukise ke sibopha ne zenjoloba nesifutho ingxube ayikwazi ngokuphelele leyabantu carbon omnyama iraba nge yokususa ingcekeza elenkani.

Amandla iraba, lisuselwa elastomers ezinkulu:

Ithebula ubonisa izakhiwo vulcanizates eyatholakala kusukela izinhlobo ezahlukene iraba gcwalisiwe futhi ugcwale i-carbon omnyama. Kulezi idatha kungabonwa ukuthi okuqukethwe carbon inomthelela kakhulu ekuqineni iraba ingxenye eqine. By the way, ezinye izimpushana particulate elisetshenziswa Izingxube iraba ukungadluliseli umbala oyifunayo noma cheapening ingxube - wokulinganisa, kaolin, talc, yensimbi oxide nabanye abanayo izakhiwo abalwazi kahle ulimi.

isakhiwo

Pure carbon yemvelo - lokhu yedayimane graphite. Sinenkosi crystal isakhiwo kakhulu zahlukile esinye kwesinye. Umumo womsebenzi ray esungulwe ezifuze isakhiwo se-graphite yemvelo kanye izinto yokufakelwa carbon omnyama. Ama-athomu omoya-Carbon ngefomu graphite annular ezinkulu izingqimba tho izinhlelo elimnandi, nge interatomic Isikhala 0,142 NM. La makhasi graphitic wafingqa izinhlelo elimnandi abizwa ngokuthi izindiza basal. Ibanga phakathi izindiza akuvunyelwe kuchazwa futhi 0,335 NM. Zonke izingqimba ahlelwe isihlobo parallel nomunye. Graphite konga 2.26 g / cm ^3.

Ngokungafani graphite kokuba ukuhleleka kuka ngakuthathu, carbon black libhekene njalo nje ezimbili ntathu. Siqukethe evuthiwe graphite izindiza, wahlela cishe zifana komunye nomunye, kodwa benani izingqimba eduze - okungukuthi, ngezikhathi ngamakhasimende indiza maqondana evamile.

Shaped graphite isakhiwo kuqhathaniswa ne emphemeni ezistakwe ngobunono amakhadi, kanye carbon black isakhiwo emphemeni of amakhadi lapho amakhadi udlulele. It interplanar isikhala kunangendlela ukuthi graphite futhi 0,350-0,365 NM. Ngakho-ke, i-carbon black ukuminyana ngaphansana ukuthi graphite futhi ngaphakathi 1,76-1,9 g / cm ^3, kuncike grade (ngokuvamile 1.8 g / cm ^3).

coloration

Abamnyama sombala (Umbala) carbon esetshenziswa enkulu ekwakhekeni uyinki ukuphrinta, ezinengilazi, epulasitikini, endwangwini, iphepha nezinto zokwakha. Basuke oluthathwa kanje:

• carbon vysokookrashivayuschy abamnyama (SB);
• sredneokrashivayuschy (MS);
• normalnookrashivayuschy (RC);
• nizkookrashivayuschy (LC).

Incwadi yesithathu lisho inqubo ngokukhiqiza - esithandweni somlilo (F) noma isiteshi (C). ISIBONELO namagama: HCF - vysokookrashivayuschy esithandweni carbon omnyama (Hiqh Color lembuthuma).

umkhiqizo Umbala ikhono ihlobene ubukhulu izinhlayiya zayo. Kuye ngobukhulu babo carbon Technical selihlukene laba amaqembu:

ngezigaba

Carbon black injoloba yokugcizelela umphumela ngezinga uhlukaniswe:

• Vysokousilivayuschy (yimpandla, okuqinile). Kuncike amandla anda nemihuzuko ukumelana. Usayizi kuyizinhlayiyana lincane (18-30 NM). Asetshenziswa elihambayo amabhande, isondo onyathela.
• Poluusilivayuschy (Uzimele wocingo, elithambile). isilinganiso ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana (40-60 NM). Asetshenziswa imikhiqizo ahlukahlukene zezimboni iraba, isondo izidumbu.
• Nizkousilivayuschy. Usayizi kuyizinhlayiyana likhulu (ngaphezu kuka-60 NM). Imboni isondo isebenzisa lilinganiselwe. Inikeza amandla adingekayo ngenkathi sigcina kuyaqina okusezingeni eliphezulu imikhiqizo kuyo izihlahla zenjoloba.

A ngezigaba oluphelele carbon black kunikezwe encwadini ethi ejwayelekile ASTM D1765-03, eyamukelwa yonke abakhiqizi emhlabeni umkhiqizo kanye abathengi yayo. It ngezigaba, ngokukhethekile, kwenziwa phezu uhla ethize ndawo ubuso izinhlayiya:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-carbon

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ubuchwepheshe yemboni carbon omnyama, okuyinto esetshenziswa umjikelezo amandla omlilo ongaphelele hydrocarbon:

• kuhhavini;
• isiteshi;
• tube;
• plasma.

Kukhona indlela ezishisayo lapho noqhekeko Igesi yemvelo noma acetylene ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu.

izimpawu eziningi etholwe ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene babe izici ezihlukahlukene.

yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe

Nokho, kwakuthiwa kungenzeka ukuthola carbon omnyama zonke izindlela ngenhla, ezingaphezu kuka-96% umkhiqizo ekhiqizwa ibhalwe ngu indlela Isithando okuphakelayo ketshezi. Indlela ivumela ukuthola ezihlukahlukene brand carbon black neqoqo ezithile izakhiwo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-carbon black Omsk isitshalo ngokusebenzisa le ubuchwepheshe senziwa engaphezu kwengu-20 i-carbon izimpawu black.

ubuchwepheshe Jikelele. I ujenga ophendulayo vysokoogneupornymi zokwakha igesi yemvelo kanye eliwu 800 ° C emoyeni. Ngu evutha igesi ngoba zivunywa indawo kwakhiqiza imikhiqizo amandla omlilo ngokuphelele kokuba lokushisa 1820-1900 ° C, equkethe ethile-mpilo khulula. Esikhathini imikhiqizo ephezulu lokushisa amandla omlilo ngokuphelele ketshezi hydrocarbon feedstock is injected, ngokucophelela zangaphambi exubile kanye eliwu 200-300 ° C. Pyrolysis we feedstock kwenzeka ezingeni lokushisa lilawulwa, okuyinto, kuncike brand carbon black ekhiqizwa inamanani sihluke 1400 kuya 1750 ° C.

Ngezinye ibanga elithile isuke endaweni okuphakelayo thermooxidative ukuphendula inqanyulwa ngomjovo amanzi. Ezakhiwe pyrolysis we-carbon omnyama amagesi ukuphendula faka heater emoyeni, lapho bayeka ingxenye ukushisa yayo emoyeni kusetshenziswa inqubo, izinga lokushisa kwe-uglerodogazovoy ingxube lehla ukusuka 950-1000 ° C kuya 500-600 ° C.

Emva lwaluyophola kuya 260-280 ° C ngo-umjovo ezengeziwe yamanzi ingxube carbon omnyama amagesi ithunyelwa isihlungi isikhwama, lapho i-carbon black ahlukaniswa igesi futhi engena hopper zokuhlunga. I ahlukaniswe carbon omnyama kusuka lemifanekiso hopper egesi zokuthutha komsele fan zinikwa (izimpimpi) e iyunithi granulating.

Abakhiqizi carbon omnyama

ukukhiqizwa Umhlaba carbon black amathani angaphezu kuka-10 million. edingeka kangaka ezinkulu komkhiqizo ngokuyinhloko ngenxa impahla yayo esiyingqayizivele abalwazi kahle ulimi. izimboni amakhanda yilezi:

• Aditya Birla Group (India) --15% wemakethe.
• Cabot Corporation (USA) - 14% wemakethe.
• Orion Engineered Carbons (Luxembourg) - 9%.

Abakhiqizi ngobukhulu carbon Russian:

• Ltd. "Omsktehuglerod" - 40% wemakethe Russian. Izitshalo in Omsk, Volgograd, Mogilev.
• OAO "Yaroslavl carbon lobuchwepheshe" - 32%.
• JSC "Nizhnekamsktekhuglerod" - 17%.