Indlela yokuxhumana kwemisho emibhalweni

Lesi sihloko sizinikezwa kumqondo onjalo njengendlela yokuxhumana kwemisho. Imisho efana nayo ifomu umbhalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqonde kangcono lesi sihloko, okokuqala kudingekile ukuchaza umqondo oqobo we "umbhalo". Ngalokhu bese uqala.

Kuyini umbhalo?

Umbhalo ungumsebenzi wenkulumo, oqukethe uchungechunge lwezinhlaka ezivamile kanye nencazelo futhi ehlelwe ngokulandelana kwemisho. Angaba nenhloko eveza umqondo oyinhloko nesihloko sesitatimende. Isihloko esihamba phambili ematheksthini amakhulu sibheka ezincane ezincane, okuvame ukuhambisana nesigaba. Ukuxhumana kuyisici esibalulekile sombhalo. Umusho olandelayo uhlale ususelwa owedlule.

Izimpawu zombhalo

Izici ezilandelayo zombhalo zingahlukaniswa:

• Ukuba khona komcabango omkhulu kanye nesihloko;
• Kungenzeka noma ukuba khona kwekhanda;
• Ukuxhunyaniswa kwe-semantic okudingekayo phakathi kweziphakamiso zakhe;
• Ubukhona bokulandelana kwabo;
• Ukusetshenziswa kolimi oluhlukahlukene izindlela zokuxhumana phakathi kweziphakamiso ngabanye.

Zonke lezi zimpawu kumele zibe khona ukuze ukwazi ukusho ukuthi phambi kwethu kungumbhalo.

Izindlela ezahlukene zokuxhumana ematheksthini

Izindlela ezahlukene zokuxhumana ezihlinzekayo ziqinisekisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umbhalo usufinyelele uxhumano lwegrammatical and semantic. Zazihlukaniswa zibe yi-syntactic, morphological and lexical. Ake sihlale eminye imininingwane ngayinye yazo.

Izindlela zokuxhumana ezixhunywe nge-Lexical

1. Amazwi ayingxenye eyodwa yeqembu. Isibonelo: "Ubusika bungaba bude futhi bunzima kulezi zingxenye, amaqhwa ngezinye izikhathi afinyelela amazinga angu-50, iqhwa lilokhu lilala kuze kufike ngo-June, iziphepho zeqhwa zenzeka ngisho no-Ephreli."
2. Ukuphindaphinda kwe-Lexical (okungukuthi, ukuphindaphinda kokuhlanganiswa kwegama namagama), kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwezimpande ezilodwa. Lokhu ukuphindaphinda kwenkulumo noma igama. Enkulumweni, le nqubo isetshenziswa njengendlela ecacile futhi ethandwayo yokuveza. Isebenza ekufezeni ukuhambisana nokuchithwa kombhalo, kuvumela ukulondoloza ubunye bendaba kulo lonke ubude bayo. Ngezinhlobo ezahlukene nezitayela eziphindaphindiwe eziphindaphindiwe zisetshenziswa ngokuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole imibhalo esemthethweni yezohwebo nezesayense, lokhu kuyindlela esemqoka yokudala uxhumano. Le ncazelo iphinde isebenzise ukuphindaphinda. Isibonelo singakhulunywa kanje: "Bafunda le ncwadi isikhathi eside, kuleyo ncwadi bayilokho ababekulindele, okulindelwe akuzange kube yize".
3. Ukufaka okuyisisekelo okufana namagama kanye nezilinganiso (kufaka phakathi imigomo yenkambiso, echaza futhi efana nayo, kanye nezimpawu zohlobo olujwayelekile). Ngokujwayelekile lezi zindlela zokuxhumana zemisho ziyasetshenziswa uma isithombe, inkulumo enemibala kuyadingeka: ngesitayela sobuciko noma izincwadi zezincwadi. Isibonelo: "Umsebenzi wePushkin wawubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni phambili ulimi lolimi lwesiRashiya." Umlobi omkhulu wakwazi ukuhlanganisa ukuboleka kwamanye amazwe, i-Slavism yase-Old Old, nezakhi zezinkulumo eziphilayo zokuxhumana. " Akwazi ukuxhuma kuphela iziphakamiso ngabanye, kodwa futhi asebenze njengendlela yokukhulumisana emshweni oyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ugweme ukuphindaphinda.
4. Ama-Antonyms (kufaka phakathi isimo). Isibonelo: "Umngane uphikisa." Awuvumi. "
5. Amagama namazwi anezincazelo ezithile zokuxhuma okunengqondo, kanye nokufingqa, njengokuthi: ngakho-ke, ekuphetheni, siphendula, ezinye izinto zilandela lokhu . Isibonelo: "Kuningi usawoti emanzini olwandle, yingakho angasetshenziselwa ukupheka izitsha ezihlukahlukene."

Indlela yokuxhumana yokuziphatha

1. Amacembu, amagama ahlanganisiwe kanye nezihlanganiso ekuqaleni kwemisho. Isibonelo lapho lokhu kusho ukuxhumana phakathi kokunikezwa okusetshenzisiwe: "Imvula ngaphandle kwamafasitela ibuhlungu, kodwa endlini yethu iyakha futhi ifudumele".
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwenkomba, umuntu (kumuntu wesithathu) kanye nezinye izimemezelo njengengxenye yamagama omusho owedlule: "Umuntu akazukuzuza njengefa ngolimi, kubonakala kuphela enkulumweni yokuxhumana kwabantu."
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwezandiso zendawo nesikhathi, okungahlobene nemisho eminingana. Benza njengabazimele ngesikhathi esifanayo. Isibonelo lapho lezi zindlela zokuxhumana zamagama zisetshenziselwa umusho: "Ngakwesokudla kwakuyichibi, amanzi alo aphelile, ama-grove amancane ayehlaza, yonke indawo lapha ulindelwe ukuthula nokuthula."
4. Ubunye bezinhlobo ezehlukene zesikhashana zezibikezelo zomlomo ezisetshenziswe kulo mbhalo. Isibonelo lapho lokhu kusho ukuxhumana phakathi kwemisho esetshenziswa: "Ngokungazelelwe kwakungubusuku, kwaba mnyama kakhulu." Izinkanyezi ezisesibhakabhakeni zabamba umlilo. "
5. Ukusebenzisa izandiso kanye namazinga ahlukene okuqhathanisa izichasiselo. Isibonelo: "Kwakuyindawo enhle, kwakungcono ukungakhethi" noma "Sakhuphukela entabeni." Kwakungekho lutho oluphakeme esifundeni ngenhla. "

Izindlela zokuxhumana zesimanje

1. Ukufana okuhambisanayo, okwenza kube khona umyalo ofanayo wamagama, kanye nokuhlelwa kwemvelo kwamalungu athile weziphakamiso ezimi eceleni. Isibonelo: "Ubuntwana yisikhathi esingenasidingo. Ukukhula kuyisikhathi esibucayi." Isibonelo esisodwa: "Usuku lokugcina lushiya kuze kufike uKhisimusi: ubusuku obubusika obucacile bufika. Inyanga yavuka ngokweqile ezulwini ukuze ikhazimule emhlabeni jikelele nabantu abanobubele." Qaphela ukuthi yonke imisho emithathu yale misho yakhiwa ngokuya kwesikimu esithi "subject + predicate". Ukubonga umbhalo kulowo mbono njengendlela yokulinganisa yokwenziwa kwezinto zokwenziwa, kuphenduka okulungile, "okuncane" ngokwezakhiwo. Ukuhlelwa okufanayo kwamalungu ahambelanayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakhiwa ulwazi olukhulunywe ngakho futhi lusisiza ukuba sithole izixhumanisi phakathi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene. Ukufana okuhambisanayo kuvela ematheksthini kaningi, kepha akumele kwenziwe "ngokuzithandela": "kubonakala" ngokwemvelo ngamafomu afanayo. Ukufana okuhambisanayo nakho kuyasetshenziswa njengendlela yokukhulumisana emshweni oyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezinxenye zayo.
2. Ukubambisana (okungukuthi, ukuhlukaniswa) kwemiklamo ehlukahlukene, ukuhoxiswa kwanoma yikuphi ingxenye yesiphakamiso kanye nokuklama kwayo (ngemuva kwephuzu) njengengxenye ehlukile, engazimele. "Ukuthanda izwe lakho kusho ukuhlala impilo eyodwa nayo, ukuhlupheka uma kunzima kuye." Ukuze ujabule lapho ama-Motherland eneholide. "
3. Sebenzisa emibhalweni yemisho engaphelele. Isibonelo: "Uyakwazi lokho esikukhulume ngakho? Mayelana nokudweba, umculo, izincwadi".
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwemisho esethula namagama, imibuzo ephikisanayo, izinkomba. Isibonelo: "Kubalulekile, kuqala, ukuthola ukuthi yini ebaluleke kakhulu manje, futhi okwesibili, kumele senze isinyathelo ngokushesha."
5. Sebenzisa umyalelo we-reverse noma oqondile. "Ngizofika ekuseni ngizokubona."
6. Kulo mbhalo, ngaphezu kwezixhumanisi ezingenhla, izixhumanisi noma iziphakamiso zezingxenye zingasetshenziswa futhi.

Lezi zindlela zokuxhumana kweziphakamiso azihambisani neze. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuxhomeke esimweni sokulandisa, izici zesitayela somlobi, okuqukethwe kwesihloko. Ukuhlanganiswa akukwazi ukuxhumana kuphela, kodwa futhi kuyakude (kungase kube nemisho ede kakhulu komunye nomunye). Kudingekile ukuhlukanisa izindlela ezivela kubonisiwe kanye nezindlela zokuxhumana zezingxenye zesigwebo esinzima. Zingahluka, kodwa zingase zihambisane nalabo asetshenziselwa ukulula. Ngokuyinhloko, imisho eyinkimbinkimbi yezindlela zokuxhumana ngokuvamile isebenzisa njengezinyunyana namazwi omanyano. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukuhlanganisa imisho elula, nakuba kaningi kangako.

Izindlela zokuxhumana kwemisho kulo mbhalo

Masiqhubeke sembulela isihloko sesithakazelo kithi. Qaphela ukuthi izindlela nezindlela zokuxhumana kweziphakamiso zihlukile. Sibheke izindlela ezahlukene. Ake sibuyele ezenzweni (ngaphandle kwalokho zibizwa ngokuthi izinhlobo). Kunezibili zazo: isixhumanisi esifanelana nesixhumanisi. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ngezindlela zonke.

Ukuxhumeka kwe-Chain

I-Chain (okungukuthi, ehambisanayo) ikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa komcimbi, isenzo, umcabango njalo. Ematheksthini anesixhumanisi esinikeziwe, lo musho uhambelana nezwi-inhlanganisela kanye namazwi asandulele:, njengokungathi, ahlanganiswa ndawonye. Esikhathini ngasinye "esisha" esidlule sibe "idatha" yesigwebo esilandelayo.

Izindlela zalolu hlobo lokuxhumana zivame ukungena esikhundleni esifanayo, ukuphindaphinda, izihlanganisi, izibizo, izinhlangano ze-semantic kanye nezincwadi zokuxhumana. Isetshenziswa ngesiRashiya kuzo zonke izitayela. Lena yindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke, eyinhloko yokuxhuma emibhalweni yemisho.

Isibonelo: "Ekugcineni sifinyelele olwandle, kwakuthule kakhulu futhi kunzima, kodwa kwakungakhohlisa."

Ukuxhumana okufanayo

Isixhumanisi esifanayo sikhona lapho iziphakamiso zichazwe noma zihlanganisiwe, kunokuba zixhunywe. Isekelwe esakhiweni esifanayo noma esifanayo, okungukuthi, ukwakha okufanayo, lapho izenzo-izisholo ezivame ukufana ngesimo nesikhathi zisetshenzisiwe.

Umusho wokuqala ematheksthini amaningi, lapho kunesixhumanisi esifanayo, kuba "yonke idatha" elandelayo. Bahlakulela futhi banqume umqondo ovezwe kuwo ("okunikeziwe" kulokhu kuvele kufane kuzo zonke iziphakamiso, ngaphandle, ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kokuqala).

Izindlela eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhulumisana okufanayo: amagama okuqala (ekugcineni, okokuqala, njll), ukufana okuhambisanayo, izandiso zesikhathi nendawo (okokuqala, khona, kwesokunxele, kwesokudla, njll). Isetshenziswe kaningi ekulandiseni nasekuchazeni.

Isibonelo: "Amahlathi akwazi ukuthuthukisa iplanethi yethu, akuzona kuphela ama-labs amakhulu akhiqiza umoya-mpilo, futhi athola amagesi anobuthi nophuli, ngokufanele babhekwa" amaphaphu ezweni lethu. "

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sibheke ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene nezindlela zokuxhumanisa imisho esetshenziselwa umbhalo ukuze uhlanganise ubunye. Yiqiniso, lezi zenzakalo ezibalwe kithi azihlanganisi zonke izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvame ukuthi kwenzeka ukuthi imibhalo ngesikhathi esifanayo isebenzisa izimali ezivela emazingeni ahlukene.