Imiphi imibuzo ephendulwa ngamacala? Imibuzo ye-instrumental. Imibuzo yecala lokubeka phambili

Ukuze inkulumo ehambelanayo ngolimi lwesiRussia, amagama afanayo angasetshenziswa ngamafomu ahlukene, lokhu kungaba inombolo eyodwa noma iningi, owesifazane, owesilisa noma ophakathi, kanye ne-declension ngokushintsha ekupheleni. Inendima ebalulekile ekwakheni izitatimende ezifanele idlala ngamacala abonisa indima yokwenza kanye nokuxhumana kwamagama emshweni. Izinhlamvu, izichasiso, izimemezelo kanye nezinombolo zingaphansi kokuphambuka. Futhi ekufundeni ulimi lwesiRussia kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda indlela yokunquma ifomu lesimo lalezi zingxenye zokukhuluma nokukwazi ukuthi yimiphi imibuzo ephendulwa ngamacala.

Amacala ayisisekelo yolimi lwesiRussia

Uhlelo lwamacala olimi lwesiRussia alulula ukufunda, kodwa kunezici eziningana kulo. Ngakho-ke, esikoleni sokufunda lesi sihloko sinikezwa isikhathi esiningi. Into yokuqala izingane zifunda ngemiphi imibuzo ephendulwa ngamacala nokuthi zibizwa kanjani. Ukubheka izingane zesikole, njengombuso, kunamacala ayisithupha kuphela, nakuba empeleni kunamanye amaningi, kodwa ngenxa yokufana okuhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zamafomu amacala angasebenzi, ahlanganiswe nezinhloko. Nakuba kusekhona izingxabano phakathi kwabaculi bezilimi kule nkinga.

Icala lokuqokwa

Icala lokuqokwa lifingqiwe njengoHe. Njll. Imibuzo yomuntu ophakanyisiwe - ngubani? Futhi kuthiwani? Kuzo zonke izingxenye zokukhuluma, leli fomu lelizwi liyilokuqala futhi lingabi negama lento, umuntu noma into yemvelo, futhi emgqeni njalo usebenza njengesifundo. Isibonelo:

Intombazane ishiya ekamelweni; Ilanga lalihlezi phezulu.

Futhi kuleso simo sokuqokwa kungase kube yingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-predicate. Isibonelo:

UNikita uyindodana yami; U-Alexander Vasilyevich ungumqondisi.

Futhi, njalo kuleso simo sokuqokwa kuyilungu eliyinhloko lesiphakamiso esisodwa-nesigwebo . Isibonelo:

Imisindo, imisindo, amahlanga; Nansi indlu endala.

Icala le-Genitive

Ukusetshenziswa kwecala lokuhlukumeza kungase kube ngemuva kwezenzo, noma ngemuva kwamagama. Amazwi anokunciphisa okunjalo aphendule imibuzo kabani? Yini? Ngendlela encishisiwe ibhalwe nguRn.

Leli fomu lamagama linesicelo esihlukahlukene nesichazamazwi. Isenzo sokuhlukumeza isenzo singabonisa isihloko:

• Endabeni lapho isenzo sinomqondo omubi: ungachithi ikhanda, ungasho iqiniso;
• Uma isenzo singasebenzi kulo lonke isihloko, kodwa kuphela ingxenye yaso: uphuze amanzi, udle isobho, uthathe izinkuni.

Icala lokuhlukumeza lingase libonise uchungechunge lonke lobuhlobo:

• Ukuba ngowomuntu noma into: indlu kanina, izindwangu zokugqoka;
• Ubuhlobo bento ephelele kunoma iyiphi ingxenye: inombolo yehhotela, igatsha lomuthi;
• Ukuhlola noma incazelo yezimfanelo: ikhanda lombala oluhlaza, izinyembezi zenjabulo, indoda yokukhuluma.

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimo eziphendulwa yilokho okumele kwenziwe ngokucacile ifomu lesimo.

Amagama asetshenziselwa icala lokuhlukumeza, kanye nezichasiso zokuqhathanisa, akhombise into noma umuntu oqhathaniswa naye. Isibonelo:

Natasha omuhle, omhlophe kuneqhwa, esheshayo kunombani.

Icala leDative

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani igama kwelinye icala noma kwelinye icala, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi kahle ukuthi yimiphi imibuzo ephendulwa ngamacala, lapho kwenzeka khona uhlobo oluthile lwe-declension. Ngakho, isibonelo, icala lobubi (obani???) Amagama avame ukufakwa emva kwamagama futhi amacala ambalwa emva kwamagama ekhomba izinto.

Amagama asemqoka kulokhu asetshenziselwa ukuchaza isihloko esiyinhloko lapho isenzo siqondiswa khona.

Isibonelo:

Ukuze uthumele imikhonzo intombazane, ukusongela isitha, ukuhleleka kwabangaphansi.

Ngemisho engenziwanga, amagama e-dative case angasetshenziswa njengendlela yokubikezela. Isibonelo:

USasha wesaba. Umfana ubanda. Isiguli siyaqhubeka sibi kakhulu.

Icala lokumangalela

Imibuzo yecala lokumangalelwa ifana nemibandela yamanye amacala, okungukuthi, ekufakweni komzimba kanye nokhetho. Ngakho, ukuphikisa into kungumbuzo obani? Kodwa kumuntu ongaphili - yini? Futhi ngokuvamile izingane zesikole ezanele zididanisa leli cala ngokuqokwa, ngakho-ke incazelo enembile, isisekelo segrama kumele kuqala ikhethwe emshweni. Amazwi akulo fomu lamacala asetshenziswa kakhulu ngamazwi futhi achaza into lapho lesi sinyathelo sidlula ngokuphelele.

Isibonelo:

Ukudoba, izicathulo ezihlanzekile, ugobe ingubo, ubhake ikhekhe.

Futhi, amagama enkantolo ecaleni angakwazi ukuveza ubungakanani, isikhathi, isikhala kanye nebanga. Isibonelo:

Ihlobo lonke, njalo ngomzuzu, njalo ngonyaka.

Icala lezinsimbi

Kanye namanye amafomu amacala, imibuzo yenkinga yezinsimbi inezinhlobo ezimbili zezinto eziphilayo nezingezona eziphilayo. Lezi zindaba ezikhethekile ongakwazi ukuzidibanisa namanye amafomu. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yendaba ephikisayo, icala eliyicala liphendula umbuzo obani? Isibonelo:

Wayejwayele (obani?) No-Oksana futhi (obani?) Unina .

Ngento engapheliyo, leli cala liyiphendula lo mbuzo ngani? Isibonelo:

Zondla (ngeyiphi?) Isinkwa, zanisela (kunalokho?) Ngamanzi.

Njengomthetho, leli fomu lamagama lisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nezenzo ezihlobene eduze namagama.

Ifomu lesimo esinjalo lamagama anesenzo ngaso sonke isikhathi lisebenza njengendlela kanye nesisetshenziswa sokusebenza, mhlawumbe ngendlela noma imodi yesenzo, futhi unezincazelo zesikhathi, indawo, isikhala, nokuthi ngubani owenzayo. Isibonelo:

Beat inja (ngekutsi?) Ngenduku.

Indoda endala ibambelela (ngeyiphi?) Isandla sayo.

Umgwaqo uhola (yini?) Ihlathi.

Izindabakwanekwane "Aibolit", "Ukudideka" nethi "Cockroach" kubhaliwe (ngubani?) NgoKornei Chukovsky.

Futhi, leli fomu lamacala lamagama lingabuye lenzeke ngamagama futhi abe nezincazelo ezilandelayo. Ngezibizo:

• Insimbi yesenzo: ukushaya ngesandla, ukushayela;
• Umuntu owenzayo: ukuvikelwa kwendlu ngabalindi, izimpahla zomdayisi zihamba;
• Okuqukethwe kwesenzo ngokwalo: ukufunda isiJalimane;
• Inani elilinganiselwe: i- ringlet ye-sausage, i-bass ihlabelela.

Ngezichasiselo, amagama eseceleni lesisetshenziswa asetshenziswe ngencazelo yomkhawulo wendlela ekhonjisiwe. Isibonelo:

Wayengumqondo oqinile futhi udume ngokutholakala kwakhe.

Icala lesandulela

Icala lesithupha nelokugcina, elifundwa esikoleni sekharikhulamu yisiphakamiso.

Imibuzo yecala lokubeka phambili, njengamanye amafomu amacala, ihlukaniswe ngokuqondiswa kwezifundo eziphilayo (obani? Mayelana?) Futhi engaphelelanga (kuthiwani?) . Amazwi alesi simo asetshenziswa njalo ngama-prepositions, ngakho-ke igama lecala ngokwayo. Kuye ngokuchasisiwe okusetshenzisiwe, incazelo ishintshela, imibuzo ye-prepositional isakhiwe njalo isebenzisa izethulo ezifanayo ezisetshenziswe ezimweni ezithile kumongo.

Ukusetshenziswa kweziphakamiso ngamagama ku-prepositional

Ukuze uthole incazelo ecacile yefomu lesimo samagama nokusetshenziswa kwawo okulungile enkulumweni, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi amacala ahlobene kanjani nemibuzo neziphakamiso uma usebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagama emisho.

Ngamanye ama-prepositions asetshenzisiwe unikeza igama incazelo yalo:

• O, o, obo-ukubizwa kwendaba ekhonjiwe: imicabango mayelana nawe;
• Ngaphakathi, kubonisa-into, isikhathi, indawo nesikhala: phakathi kwamabili, ebhokisini, kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo njalo njalo;
• I-Na - isetshenziselwa ukukhomba endaweni lapho kukhona okuthile noma okwenzekayo: etafuleni, esiteshini;
• I-Pri-esetshenziselwa ukucaciswa eduze nokuthi yini noma phambi kwayo into ekhonjiwe: emgwaqweni, ngaphansi kwe-Tsar Gorokha.

Amacala, imibuzo kanye neziphakamiso zidlala kanjani?

Ithebula lezinto zokubeka phambili, ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamazwi, lidlala indima enkulu ekutadisheni uhlelo lwamacala olimi lwesiRussia.

Ngempela, bona, ukujoyina amagama, bangabonisa izincazelo ezahlukene zegama elifanayo.

Icala	Ukumiswa	Okushoyo	Isibonelo:
I-Genitive	Emhlabeni	Hlola isikhala lapho into ekhona noma lapho isenzo senze khona	Hamba nxazonke epaki, Waphuma ngemuva kwendlu, Yima ngasesihlahleni
Dative	Kuya, kuya	Isetshenziselwa ukukhombisa indlela yokuthile, into noma indawo yomcimbi	Sondela kumngani, Hamba endleleni
Ukumangalela	Ngaphandle, kuqhubeke	Cacisa ukuthi iyiphi into isenzo esibhekiswe kuso	Hug esihlalweni, Bheka ngaphandle iwindi, Beka itafula
I-instrumental	Ngaphansi, ngaphezulu, ngenhla, nge	Kungaba nezincazelo eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukukhomba kwesenzo esithile nokukhomba isikhala	Fly ngaphezu komhlaba, Hamba ngaphansi kwebhuloho, Ukuze ube abangane nogogo

I-declension yamabizo, izichasiso namanani ngamacala

Esinye sezihloko eziyinhloko zalesi sigaba solimi lwesiRashiya yilona isihloko: "Ukunqunywa icala". Ngenxa yenguquko enjalo, leli gama liguqulwa, lizuze ukuphela okusha, okubalulekile ngokwanele ukwakhiwa okufanele kwenkulumo. Ukuncipha kwenzeka ngokushintsha igama ukuze liphendule imibuzo yendaba ngayinye. I-declension yamabizo inezici ezizimeleyo, kanti izichazamagama kanye nezinombolo kumongo zixhomeke njalo esimweni lapho igama elihlobene nabo likhona.

Ukunciphisa amagama nezibizo

Icala	Umbuzo	Igama	Umbuzo	Igama eliyi-Adjective
Ukuqokwa	Ubani? Yini?	Flower	Yiyiphi?	I-Scarlet
I-Genitive	Ubani? Yini?	Flower	Yiyiphi?	I-Scarlet
Dative	Ubani? Yini?	Flower	Yikuphi?	I-Scarlet
Ukumangalela	Ubani? Yini?	Flower	Yiyiphi?	I-Scarlet
I-instrumental	Ngubani? Yini?	Flower	Yini?	I-Scarlet
Kuphakanyisiwe	Mayelana nobani? Mayelana nalokho?	Mayelana nembali	Mayelana nalokho?	Mayelana nobomvu

Endabeni yokwehla kwamanani, umbuzo ungaguqulwa futhi, kokubili isichasiselo, okuzokwenza kube lula ukwehlisa leli gama.

Ukunciphisa kwamanani ngamacala

Icala	Umbuzo wombuzo	Umbuzo wezinombolo	Inombolo
Ukuqokwa	Ubani? Yini?	Kungakanani? Yiyiphi?	Six Okubili Okwesishiyagalombili Okwesishiyagalombili Okwesishiyagalombili
I-Genitive	Ubani? Yini?	Bangaki? Yiyiphi?	Six Okubili Okwesishiyagalombili Okwesishiyagalombili Okwesishiyagalombili
Dative	Ubani? Yini?	Bangaki? Yikuphi?	Six Okubili Okwesishiyagalombili Okwesishiyagalombili Okwesishiyagalombili
Ukumangalela	Ubani? Yini?	Kungakanani? Yiyiphi?	Six Okubili Okwesishiyagalombili Okwesishiyagalombili Okwesishiyagalombili
I-instrumental	Ngubani? Yini?	Bangaki? Yini?	Six Okubili Okwesishiyagalombili Okwesishiyagalombili Okwesishiyagalombili
Isiphakamiso	Mayelana nobani? Mayelana nalokho?	Zingaki? Mayelana nalokho?	Cishe ayisithupha Cishe ezimbili Ngesishiyagalombili Ngesishiyagalombili Ngesishiyagalombili

Umgomo wesikole sesikole ukufundisa izingane hhayi kuphela ukukhomba kahle indlela yohlobo lwamagama emshweni, kodwa nokuthi ukwazi ukusebenzisa kahle isilungiselelo esibonisa ngokugcwele incazelo yenkulumo. Amakhono anjalo abaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni inkulumo yokufunda. Yingakho lesi sihloko sinikwa ukunakwa okukhethekile kanye nenani elanele lezifundo zaseRussia ukuze izingane zingakwazi ukufunda kuphela, kodwa lungise kahle le nto.