Pridatochnoe definitive nezinye izici ze-syntax yaseRussia

I-syntax yolimi lwesiRussia yenza abaningi, abafundi bayo, besabe futhi bathuthumele, futhi kuyize. Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi: i-adverbial determinative, igama elihlangene , izakhi ezethula -amagama angenakuqondakala ekuqaleni kokuqala. Ngakho ake sibhekane nayo.

Nakuba, ngokuyisisekelo, ukuhlelwa kwamagama emisho emibhalweni yesiRashiya kuyinto yamahhala, imisho ngokuyisisekelo yakhiwe ngesimiso se-SVO noma isihloko (umlingisi, isihloko), bese isenzo (isichazamazwi), khona-ke into (ukufakwa okuqondile). Isibonelo sithi "Ngiyahamba emgwaqweni" - ukwakha okujwayelekile okuphakanyiswa kolimi lwesiRussia.

Omunye umyalo wamazwi uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwengeza okuthile - okungavamile, isibonelo.

Imisho eqondile yilezi zinhlobo ezimbili: inhlanganisela kanye nesakhi.

I-yangaphambili ihlukaniswe ngokwezinhlobo zeminyano abajoyina ngayo - izixhumanisi (zibandakanya, futhi ngokusho "futhi", futhi ... noma, njenge ... kanjalo, futhi, yebo futhi), ehlukanisayo (noma, noma, ke, ke, ke, ke Kungakhathaliseki ... noma, hhayi lokho ... hhayi lokho) kanye nokukhangisa (kodwa, kodwa, ngokusho "kodwa", noma kunjalo).

Imisho elula njengengxenye yamagama ahlanganisiwe ihlukaniswa ama-commas (isibonelo: "Isigwebo esiyinkimbinkimbi esinezigaba ezingaphansi kwamanje asikwesabisi, futhi okunye kusonakalisa ithemba lokuchazela izingane ukuthi liyini").

Ngaphambi kokuhlangana okuphikisanayo nokuhlukana, i-comma ihlale ibeka.

Abaphathi abahlukumezekile bahlukaniswe ngokulinganisa okuncane, okuchazayo futhi okungajwayelekile. Zihlukile ngohlobo lwezinyunyana abazijoyina. Isigameko esiyinkimbinkimbi esinemigomo ephansi sinomusho olula futhi unamathiselwe kuwo ngokusebenzisa izihlanganisi noma amagama ahlangene nesiphakamiso sokufaneleka.

Ukuchazwa kokukhangisa kusakaza isichazamazwi (izenzo zokukhuluma, ukuqonda, imizwa) nokuqukethwe kwayo bese uphendula imibuzo: "kuthi?", "Kuyini?", "Kuphi?" Futhi ujoyina ngosizo lwe: lokho, lokho, njengokungathi.

Pridatichnoe izimpendulo ezicacile umbuzo "yikuphi?" Futhi ujoyina ngosizo lwe: yikuphi, obani, obani, kuphi, kuphi.

Kunezinto eziningi ezihambisana nezivumelwano, futhi ziyahluka ngendlela efanayo nezimo: kunezindlela ezincane ezenzakalelayo, izindawo, izikhathi, izimo, izimbangela, izinhloso, ukufanisa, ukuvumelanisa.

Isigaba esincane esiyinkimbinkimbi esinesigatshana esinikezelayo esilandelayo esithinta amalungu omusho, ukuchaza nokucacisa izimfanelo zalo, kungatholakaliswa ekuchazweni kwezwe.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi imisho kuphela ezimele ehlukaniswe ngamakhomishana, kanye nendaba kanye nesandulela-mlando, hhayi amalunga ahlangene, obumbene yinyunyana ( emgunyeni wenkululeko -inkululeko , amagama ahlukene ahlukanisiwe). Ukungafani nalomthetho yimisho lapho kunesici esivamile (isimo sesikhathi noma indawo ephathelene nemisho yombili, isibonelo) - ezimweni ezinjalo ama-comma ayadingeki. Isibonelo: "Ehlathini elidala, ukunuka kwamandla, amaxoxo ahlala futhi ahlanza izinyoka ezikhungethwe ngaphansi kwamadwala." "Ehlathini" ngomusho wokuqala nowesibili yisimo sendawo, i-comma ayidingi.

Ngakho-ke, manje kufushane ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhumbula ngezigaba ezingaphansi:

- Amagatya aphansi ahlanganisiwe ahlukaniswa uhlobo lwezinyunyana ezizixhuma: ukuxhuma, ukuhlukanisa nokukhangisa;

- Amagatshana angaphansi ahlanganisiwe azinhlobo ezintathu: okulinganiselwe okucacile, okuchazayo futhi okungajwayelekile; Ngaphambi kweyunyunyana noma igama lezinyunyana ezethula abangaphansi (ukuthi, kuphi, kuphi, ngani, njll), i-comma ifakwa;

- Imisho elula elula kunzima ihlukaniswa ngama-commas (ngaphandle kwemisho enezinto ezivamile).