Ukuhambisana kwe-Lexical kwamagama

Amazwi enkulumweni asetshenzisiwe hhayi ngokuzihlukanisa, ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ngezinhlanganisela. Akubona bonke abaxhumana ngokukhululekile nomunye nomunye. Ukuvumelanisa kwe-Lexical kwamagama yikhono labo lokuxhuma ngobubanzi obuthile bamanye amagama. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yinkimbinkimbi yalolu khetho, amaphutha e-lexical avunyelwe enkulumweni .

Emshweni, amagama ahlobene komunye nomunye ngokwemigomo yencazelo, nangokwegrammatically. Esikhathini esilandelayo, ukuxhuma okunjalo kuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwesigama senkulumo. Ukuxhumeka kwe-Semantic kunikeza ukufaneleka kwamazwi kokuqukethwe. Amagama asetshenziswe enkulumweni kumele ahambisane nabanye. Lokhu kuboniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhambisana - i-lexical ne-semantic.

Ukuhambisana kwe-Lexical kusho ikhono lamagama ukungena ezinhlanganisweni kuphela ngenombolo encane (noma amayunithi) wamagama.

I-semantic iboniswa ngokwazi kwamagama ukuhambisana neklasi lonke lamanye amagama ahlanganisa umqondo ovamile. Isibonelo, iqembu lezenzi ezichaza isimo somuntu (cabanga, ukuhleka, njll), zingahlanganiswa nawo wonke amagama asho abantu (udokotela, umdluli).

Kwezinye izimo, uma kungewona umbuzo wezinto ezithile, kodwa ubuhlobo babo (abstract, silulumagama abstract), khona-ke ukuhambisana kwe-lexical kunemibandela. Isibonelo, ungakwazi "ukunikeza iseluleko," "hlola," "vimbela", njll. Zonke lezi zenzo zidlala indima eyodwa, zingashintshwa kalula ngama-synonyms ("ukweluleka", "hlola", "vimbela"), kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuzidibanisa. Umuntu okhuluma isiRussia akasoze athi, isibonelo, "ukunikeza iseluleko".

Ukuqaphela ulimi lomuntu kunikwe amandla okukhetha. Le ndawo yakhiwa ngamakhulu eminyaka, ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke. Nokho, ukuze basebenzise ngokunembile amagama enkulumweni, ulwazi lwezincazelo zabo alanele. Kubalulekile uma udweba imishwana ukuze unake ukuhambisana kwamagama. Kumele uqaphele ngama-synonyms. Isibonelo, izichasiselo "ezingokoqobo" nezithi "kuyiqiniso" zifana nencazelo, kodwa asisho ukuthi "umngane weqiniso" noma "idokhumenti yeqiniso", ngoba umngane weqiniso namadokhumenti angaba yiqiniso. Lona ukuhambisana okuhambelanayo.

Izibonelo zezinto ezinjalo zamagama ziningi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile bangase babe nokulinganiselwa ezinhlanganisweni. Okokuqala, kungase kube nje okungahambisani nalokho okushiwo: "indawo yokudlela yase-overland", "i-orange hare", njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabi khona kwenkohlakalo kungahle kube ngenxa yemvelo yolimi ("umculi omuhle", "indlu yami") noma izici ze-lexical (ungenza "usizi", kodwa awukwazi ukusho ngenjabulo, sithi "unyaka wonke", kodwa hhayi "nxazonke iwashi ").

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhambisana okuhambisana nexical kubonakala kunengqondo ("esiseduze"). Kodwa-ke, emisebenzini yombhalo, ukwephulwa kusetshenziswa ngokucophelela ukufeza imiphumela ethile: ukushaya umfundi, ukunaka okuthile, ukuzithokozisa, njll. Isibonelo, "umfelokazi ojabule", "ubeke nezintshevu", "ukuthethelelwa kwamanye amakhono", "ukuhlaselwa kokugcina kwentsha", njll. Kulesi simo, cabanga ngokungathandabuzeki njengedivayisi yezakhiwo.

Okunye okungahambisani nokungahambisani okungalungile kungokwezifiso zesisindo (abantu abahlukene kakhulu abawasebenzisa enkulumweni ngamaphutha afanayo): "umhlangano uhanjiswa" (kubalulekile: "umhlangano wenziwa"), "uthuthukise ukukhanya" (isidingo: "bandise ama-horizons"). Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi imishwana ehlukene eqondile ingasetshenziswa esimweni esisodwa, futhi ngokuvamile ukushintshwa kwezingxenye kuholela ekuhambeni kwe-semantic. Inkulumo yendabuko "Ngivumele ukuba ngiphakamise isilwane!" Akuyona into engalungile. Ungakwazi "ukuphakamisa ingilazi" noma "ukusho isilonda."

Futhi, iphutha elijwayelekile lapho ukuhambisana kwe-lexical kwephulwa khona inkulumo ethi "izinga levisi liye lathuthuka." Izinga lingathuthukiswa, kodwa ikhwalithi ingathuthuka.