Gzhel Umdwebo: amaphetheni Wabasaqalayo. Gzhel ngesineke amaphethini tableware

Gzhel, idolobha elincane esifundeni Moscow - maphakathi art abadumile Russian yokudoba. Okubizwa ngokuthi Gzhel ehlathini usesikhundleni nsimu enkulu futhi kuhlanganisa nemizana 27, lapho abantu Sekuyisikhathi eside wahlanganyela yokudweba ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngobumba mhlophe futhi izindengezi. Umlando Gzhelian yokudoba usukela ekhulwini le-14, kusukela kanye leso sikhathi lapho, eduze eMoscow wathola ocebile ubumba idiphozi. Indaba kwaba isikhwama okuxubile: izingqimba elula abomvu "shirevki" etholakala ezingqimbeni eliphezulu, izingqimba aphansi underlain "noboya" ayilutho umbala ophuzi, futhi ejulile elula "mylovka" - udaka mnene ezimhlophe, ukwaziswa okuhle womshini eliphezulu zobumba futhi izindengezi imikhiqizo.

izidingo njengokwenza komthaki

Esikhathini esithile ngobumba ezimhlophe lalenza izitsha nezinye izinto ekhishini. Kwabe sekufika yenkosi Apothecary isimemezelo iyala ukuthumela zonke izinto misela eMoscow izidingo zokwelashwa kanye eyenza imithi. Ukukhiqizwa Cookware esalibele, kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi satholana uvulekele idiphozi ezengeziwe ubumba omhlophe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela into kwaba ngokwanele futhi Pharmacy ekukhiqizeni zobumba. Phakathi impahla ngokuchichima engahluziwe owasungula i izikebhe kwezobuciko ngokuthi Gzhel.

Umhlaba udumo

Gzhel ngesineke, amaphethini ezithinta ukuba silandele isitayela esithile, waqala ukusakaza eRussia. Eyokuqala isikhathi abaculi baye basebenzisa ezahlukene upende anemibala. Khona-ke Gzhel imidwebo, amaphethini, izingqikithi ukudweba kanye nesitayela jikelele washintsha kancane. Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi lwemibala kwaba bright blue ayibe upende. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Gzhel imidwebo, okuyinto abantu Admire bafaniswe emhlabeni wonke, isibe inhlanganisela zakudala yemibala emibili - omhlophe noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. imikhiqizo Okuqotho ungavumeli yimuphi omunye shades, kodwa kwezinye izimo, umculi angasebenzisa upende igolide ngoba ubuciko lula.

izimbali

Adume Umdwebo Gzhel (amaphethini, imihlobiso, izingqikithi ezimibalabala, nokunye okuningi kuyini ngesisekelo isitayela kwezobuciko esiyingqayizivele) yasungulwa ngekhulu le-19. Emikhayeni abacebile eRussia kubhekwa ifomu enhle ukubeka etafuleni lokudlela gzhel zobumba izitsha. Okokuqala ngemuva lokhu ukushisekela ubuzwe, ukuqhosha ezweni labo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapuleti enombala omhlophe noluhlaza futhi tureens Zazibiza ishibhile Meissen zobumba.

Izithombe umkhiqizo futhi bebelokhu kuphela izindikimba Russian. Ukuzingela nge izinja, dancing ku odwendweni zomkhosi Easter nezinye izenzakalo eziningi uhlamvu Russian ngempela kuvezwa ku dinnerware. Ngakho, Gzhel imidwebo, okuyinto amaphethini ayefana emoyeni abaseRussia, beba kuthandwa.

handwork

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 eMoscow abalimi abaye bazama ukubeka ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe on the umfudlana, kodwa liveza umqondo kuhlulekile. Gzhel ngesineke glassware imiklamo kumele ngempela kwenziwe ngesandla ngabaculi abanolwazi abakwaziyo ukutshala kwabo umphefumulo umsebenzi. umdwebo isicelo Mechanical ebhubhisa okushiwo ubuciko, umkhiqizo kuba angenazo izici zobuntu.

Gzhel ngesineke, imiklamo, izibalo Jomethri noma izigcawu kusuka ekuphileni kwezakhamuzi zakhona - konke lokhu kuwumphumela umsebenzi wokudala abaculi abanamakhono ukusebenza ngesikhathi amabhizinisi Folk yobuciko neyezandla "Gzhel ehlathini." Uphawu lokuqala amakhono umdwebi sika in umdwebo kuba phambi halftones lapho ugodo blue ayiphulule kushintshane egqamile futhi acacile.

Gzhel Umdwebo: amaphethini

Imbali, amacembe awo obucayi, Isiqu zalesi sihlahla, amahlamvu cuttings mncane ... Lena zakudala indaba ephathwayo Gzhel imidwebo. Izitshalo ziboniswa ifomu eliqoshiwe, kodwa izici zayo isici zihlolwa, currants akakwazi kudidaniswe nge Snowball, futhi gooseberries angeke ngokuthi rosehips, nakuba bonke izitshalo, izimbali kanye amajikijolo okufanayo elikhanyayo umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

indaba ephathwayo Wezingane

Ingxenye enkulu yezandla izimpahla Gzhel enikelwe izingane. Kuyinto amahhashi nezindlovu, nezimbongolo, namathole, ornamented nge namakalishi esitimela, izimoto kanye nezindiza ezinemishini yokuthwebula ephambili, okuyinto ekhona Gzhel imidwebo. Amaphethini izingane njengoba nekhono njengoba abadala, kodwa nge wemfanelo kakhulu kangakanani indlela ukuze umsebenzi umculi. Ingane noma kunjalo akufanele bayodumazeka. Ngakho-ke, abadwebi, seziqala Umdwebo amathoyizi kanye nemikhiqizo nezinye zezingane ububanzi, zama ukwenza umsebenzi ongcono kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

workshop

I izinhlangano zezimboni Gzhel Folk yobuciko neyezandla ukusebenza kwesigaba ku ukuqeqeshwa abafuna sifunde ikhono lokubuza imidwebo. abaculi Future izifundo ezikhethekile umdwebo kanye nobuchwepheshe ekudaleni zobumba abadumile okwesibhakabhaka lesimhlophe, inkositini lolu hlobo Folk ubuciko, efana yokudweba Gzhel. Amaphethini Wabasaqalayo lula, kodwa inqubo yokufunda unezigaba eziningana.

izifundo Okokuqala zihlanganisa yokufunda iphethini, ikakhulukazi, isicelo of wabuka esizayo yesithombe. Imivimbo zisetshenziswa the drawing naphakathi ipensela ezithambile ngohlobo iphepha iphepha ngaphandle kwengcindezi, ukuze ukwazi ukusula irabha kabi umugqa emakiwe.

Ngemva nentaba umdwebo usulungile, usungaqala umbala. isithombe Sample kungcono ukwenza amanzi-encibilikayo upende - emifanekiso, acrylic noma gouache. Ibhulashi kufanelekile noma, kodwa temusho, ungasebenzisa inombolo 2nd. On isiqephu ephepheni elihlukile kufanele wenze imivimbo embalwa eyolanda nombala oluhlaza, ukugcwaliswa ephelele. Khona-ke udinga ukuzama ukudweba imbali. Uma isithombe ephepheni Kwatholakala kahle ke esigabeni esilandelayo usungaqala yokudweba imikhiqizo sobumba.

A ezihlukahlukene umdwebo

has a sakhiwo sendzaba kanye imidwebo thematic esebenziswe lapho ubuchwepheshe ezidingekayo database ngamunye ibhizinisi Gzhelian ukuze ukukhiqizwa izitsha zobumba. Zihlukahlukene Gzhel imidwebo, amaphethini, izithombe, imidwebo, ukopisha - konke iya imbangela, uma udinga ukusebenzisa okunye uchungechunge imikhiqizo.

amaqoqwana Hlukanisa ekhiqizwa imikhiqizo igunya lapho imikhiqizo kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni agcinwa isimo wedwa. Isimo sabo uhlukile, imidwebo esiyingqayizivele. Lokhu Gzhel kakhulu ochwepheshe ibhekwa ozama ukuthenga lo mkhiqizo othize. imikhiqizo lokuqala ekilasini zihluke cwaningo ezivamile eningiliziwe sibalo. Umdwebi udonsa ezicashile kwencani, futhi ngenxa yalokho wobuciko kweqiniso Folk Gzhelian art.

Carry

Okusanda kwakukhona isiko omuhle - at Gzhel ukukhiqizwa ukuvula esitolo ku ukugcwaliseka imikhiqizo wezingcweti wendawo. Imisebenzi yobuciko babé ibekhona, ukukhetha anda. amabhizinisi amakhulu okudoba Gzhelian eseqala ukuveza superservizov, njengalezo yanikezwa senkantolo yasebukhosini ekhulwini le-19. Abameleli beNdikimba izizukulwane amadala ukukhumbula dinnerware amasethi izinto 120 noma ngaphezulu. Kwakukhona nama ezincane 12 abantu kuzo izinto 84. Kuyinto encane impela, ngokuba ezimbili, enesihloko esithi "Tete-a-Tete." Izikhungo kwaba ngisho oyedwa, i-miniature, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "Egoist".

okunguye yedwa I Tsar sika

Ngalezo zinsuku eziningi imikhiqizo Gzhel ukunakekelwa phesheya. BaseYurophu akhishelwe khona izimpahla izinqola amakhosi Russian. Lokhu kwaqhubeka u-Adalberto isikhathi eside kuze kube umthengi oyinhloko ukukhiqizwa ifektri hhayi Russian UMnyango kaMgcinimafa yasebukhosini. Ngokushesha impela kwakukhona esinakho, owawengame ukukhiqizwa Gzhel, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yonke imikhiqizo ezithunyelwa Warehouse ka Treasury.

amathemba

Okwamanje gzhel ziphoqa kunanini ngaphambili. Izimboni kanye workshop encane isebenze at zigcwele. Bonke abakhileyo okubizwa ngokuthi Gzhel ehlathini wahlanganyela ukukhiqizwa zobumba ezimhlophe ngesineke.