Uhlelo Lokufaka Lwe-abavelele Monferran Ogyust: Biography, umsebenzi

Petersburg, noma, njengoba lalibizwa kanjalo futhi Northern ePalmira, ukubukeka kwayo ephoqelela alikho okungenani aphoqelelwe ukuba abaklami European abamenywe mithi Russian ngoba yomhlobiso wawo futhi ilungiselelo. Phakathi kwazo umakhi Montferrand. Abaningi endalweni yakhe namhlanje phakathi izimpawu edume kunazo umuzi uMfula iNeva futhi zihlobise iningi izincwajana izivakashi.

Ogyust Monferran: A Biography (ebuntwaneni)

Anri Lui Ogyust Rikar de Montferrand wazalwa ngo-1786 e-Palais de Chaillot (manje eyingxenye Paris). Njengoba uvumile umakhi esizayo yena, abazali bakhe beza nge legend of imvelaphi yakhe ahlukile, okwenezela igama igama izindlu, okuyinto lalibukele.

Ngemva kokufa kukayise Auguste, unina washada. Usingayise, owayeyilungu wezakhiwo odumile, ngokushesha wathandana umfana ohlakaniphile, futhi wakwenza konke athola imfundo enhle.

kweminyaka engu

Ngo 1806, Ogyust Monferran ungeniswe Paris Academy of Architecture, lapho othisha lakhe ibingamashumi P. Fontaine, Charles uPercy usingababa Antoine commarin. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kweNdikimba nalokhu kwesibili, waba nengxenye ukwakhiwa yeSonto Marii Magdaliny. Nokho, maduzane nje, uKristu ngabuthelwa ebuthweni, okwesikhathi wakhonza e-Italy.

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-Paris, eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-26, Ogyust Monferran ushadile, kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi satholana wazwakalisa isifiso ukungena kaNapoleon Guard. Empini ye-Arno, wazibonakalisa neqhawe onesibindi futhi waklonyeliswa iButho Ukuhlonishwa. Mhlawumbe Montferrand uzokuragela phambili umsebenzi wakhe wezempi, uma kungekhona kokunqotshwa Napoleon at Leipzig impi, ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho le nsizwa umhlalaphansi.

Umhlangano no-Aleksandru, umkhandi Okokuqala

Namuhla, kungase kubonakale kungavamile, kodwa French wahlulwa Russian nkosi iningi lezakhamuzi ukhathazekile ngaphandle ubutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ogyust Monferran wajabula kakhulu lapho efika nezilaleli ne-Alexander Omkhulu. Wanikeza inkosi nge-albhamu ezimbalwa amaphrojekthi lathumela, ikhava eliye ukuzinikezela esibhaliwe uMbusi waseRussia. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona imidwebo Obelisk omkhulu, esifanekisweni Equestrian, Arc de Triomphe , nabanye. Inkosi bathandile ikakhulukazi yokuthi isananyathiselwe semidwebo uhlu emfushane zokwakha ezidingekayo ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza iphrojekthi, futhi kulinganiselwa izindleko ukubaluleka iye ecacisiwe.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, ngemva nezilaleli nge umakhi Montferrand wathola incwadi esemthethweni lapho igama u-Alexander I wammema ukuza Petersburg.

Ukuhambisa eRussia

Ogyust Monferran akazange anqikaze ngaphambi kokunquma izinguquko ezinkulu ekuphileni kwakhe. Ngo 1816, umakhi wafika enhloko-dolobha Northern ngohlamvu kusukela ku-Abrahama-Lui Brege ku-Augustine Betancourt. Kugcine isikhundla ka Usihlalo Petersburg eKomidi Urban Planning, futhi banikwa bakhe zingaba usizo kakhulu wezakhiwo waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha. Betancourt umxhwele incwadi Breguet, okuyinto 1770s kwaba umlingani wakhe ibhizinisi, ngakho bayamukela ngenjabulo i-engumFulentshi bavumelana ukubheka imidwebo yakhe. Kwakufanele isebenze ngendlela ethandwa nguye, futhi wamema le nsizwa ukuthatha okuthunyelwe yokuba inhloko abadwebi ekomidini eliholwa kuye. Nokho, umakhi Montferrand ngesizotha wenqaba futhi yakhetha ungenele isimo njengoba draftsman abaphezulu. Okufakiwe olusemthethweni engumFulentshi abanamakhono enkonzweni Russian owawuse-December 21, 1816.

Isakhiwo sokuqala ukuthi umklami Montferrand eyakhelwe enhloko-dolobha isiRashiya, kwaba indlu Lobanov-Rostovsky. Yayiku Admiralty Avenue, futhi kamuva kwaku Ministry of War.

Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba

Ogyust Monferran wakwazi ngokushesha izakhe enkonzweni entsha. Kusukela ngesikhathi efikile isivele eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-7 baye badlula eRussia lapho u-Alexander I kuqala ithenda ukwakhiwa lombhishobhi entsha kusayithi St. Isaka endala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo imvume imfuneko yephrojekthi kwaba ukuze alondoloze kakade ngayingcwelisa ama-altare ezintathu. Ngo-1813, futhi waqala ukufuna wezakhiwo ababeyoba ukwazi ukubhekana lo msebenzi. It wathola imvume eliphakeme yephrojekthi, obuze Montferrand. Kulokhu semukelwa ngu 20 Februwari 1818. Ukwakhiwa eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-40, futhi igcwaliswe kuphela phakathi nokubusa u-Alexander II.

umsebenzi wezakhiwo kwavuzwa ngokucebile. Montferrand wathola esicongweni eliphezulu State iKhansela futhi imali ruble 40 000 esiliva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena waklonyeliswa uzothatha indondo yegolide, ehlotshiswe amadayimane.

Alexander ikholomu

Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala kokuhlala e-Russia, ngaphezu izakhiwo sekushiwo, Montferrand yakhelwe ukuba kwakhiwe Lyceum uRichelieu e Odessa, Kochubey Palace, eziyinkimbinkimbi ezimbonini Nizhny Novgorod, eMoscow Manege nabanye.

Ngo-1829, uNicholas II wanquma abhebhezela imemori ngokunqoba umfowabo. Encwadini yakhe phezu Palace Square kwaba ukusheshe up Alexander Ikholomu. Ogyust Monferran kangcono kunamanye nozakwethu abhekana ngayo ukuthuthukiswa iphrojekthi bayo, ngakho ngaphezulu iminyaka eminingi zathuthukisa lo mbono ka isakhiwo esinjalo. Ukwakhiwa wathatha iminyaka 5 futhi ngo-1834 phambi Sasebusika kuvulwa enkulu lesikhumbuzo, okuyinto namanje njengelinye lamazwe imihlobiso emzini ku iNeva. Ngenxa uphawu nokubonga ngemizamo yabo Montferrand waklonyeliswa Order of St uVladimir degree lwesithathu, futhi imali yakhe zaba ama-ruble ayizigidi 100 esiliva.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngemva ohlukanisa nomkakhe lokuqala Montferrand iminyaka abaningi baqhubeka wedwa kuze ngo-1835 ungashadile yangaphambili actress waseFrance Elise Deboner, okuyinto ngahlala kuye kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe. Umsebenzi wokugcina umakhi kwaba uMbusi uNicholas mina lesikhumbuzo iphrojekthi Petersburg. Ukufa uvinjelwe Montferrand ukuqedela lo msebenzi, futhi lowo msebenzi waze waqedelwa wezakhiwo D. Efimov.

Manje uyazi imininingwane yokuphila ukuthi wayephila umakhi eyakha Cathedral St-Isaka. Ogyust Monferran engaphezu kwengu-40 ayichitha eRussia futhi umlobi imisebenzi eminingi, iziphi namanje bayahlonishwa ukuphelela ifomu futhi okwakhe somklamo.