Isimiso sesigwebo esinzima. Imisho enzima: izibonelo ezinyunyana

Ukuze uhlele kahle izimpawu zokubhala, uhlelo lokugwetshwa okunzima kumele luhlelwe kahle. Kuzosiza kuphela ukuqonda amacala anzima esitatimendeni sama-commas, ama-dashes namakholoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubulawa kwayo okuhleliwe nakho kusiza ukuveza iyunithi eyinkimbinkimbi yokwenza izinto ngendlela efanele. Imibuzo ye-syntax kanye nezimpawu zokubhala zifakiwe emisebenzini ye-USE ne-GIA, ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba ukwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo ukubunjwa kwesigwebo esinzima. Indlela yokwenza kahle? Ake sibheke lesi sihloko.

Umqondo wesigwebo esiyinkimbinkimbi

Kubalulekile ukuchaza isigwebo esiyinkimbinkimbi ngaleyo ndlela. Leli yunithi eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke zokwenza izinto, enezinhlamvu ezimbalwa ezilula. Ngakho-ke, isiphakamiso esinjalo sinesisekelo esincane sezinhlelo ezimbili zegrama. Zingahle zihlobene komunye nomunye ngezindlela ezehlukene:

• Izinyunyana eziphansi kanye namazwi alandelayo.
• Izinyunyana zabalobi.
• Ungasebenzi.
• Ngaphakathi kweyunithi eyodwa yokwenziwa, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana zingabonwa.

Ngakho-ke, izigwebo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngesiRashiya zinqunywa uhlobo lokuxhumana phakathi kwazo. Zizobizwa ngokuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi, inhlanganisela, engeyona inyunyana kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana, ngokulandelana.

Uhlelo lokunikela: Amaphuzu avelele

Uhlelo lwesigwebo esinzima sidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Eqinisweni, kubalulekile ukuchaza isitatimende sezimpawu zokubhala. Ngakho-ke, i-algorithm yokuhlanganiswa kwayo ingamelwa kanje:

1. Khetha isisekelo segrama bese unquma inani lezingxenye.
2. Thola uhlobo lokuxhumana kwezinxenye ngaphakathi komusho. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuxhaswa kuboniswa ngabazali bomzali, ingxenye eyinhloko, ukuxhumana okuhlangene nokungenakuqhathaniswa - isikwele.
3. Thola amalungu omphakathi wesiphakamiso, ubone ukuthi ahlangene phakathi kwabo. Lezi zinsuku nazo ziyadingeka ohlelweni olwandisiwe. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinhlayiya, izinyunyana zomsebenzi wokwenziwa kobuciko azidlali. Iziphakamiso zibhekisela kulawo amalungu omusho lapho kuhlanganiswa khona isixhumanisi segrama.
4. Bona ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye iyinkimbinkimbi (izincazelo ezihlukile, izimo, amagama okuqala kanye nokwakhiwa, imigomo ehambisanayo).
5. Emshweni oyinkimbinkimbi, thola uhlobo lokuxhaswa: okufana noma okulandelanayo.

Isigwebo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nehlelo layo

Sizohlaziya yonke into ngesibonelo sokhonkolo: Esibhakabhakeni sasehlobo, ukuqhuma kwamafu kuqhuma, amafu amancane aqala ukubuthana, futhi imvula epholile.

Okokuqala, sibonisa ukuthi lo musho unzima kakhulu. Unezizinda ezimbili: amafu (isihloko 1), waqala ukuhlangana (isichazamazwi 2); Imvula (isihloko sesi-2), iqhwa (isichazamazwi 2). Izingxenye zihlanganiswa yinyunyana futhi, ngokufanele, lesi sigwebo sihlanganisiwe.

Sisebenza nengxenye yokuqala: esibhakabhakeni - isimo esichazwe ngebizo elinesibalo; Incazelo yehlobo -, echazwe yisiphakamiso; Okuncane - incazelo, echazwe yisiphakamiso. Le ngxenye icindezelwe incazelo ehlukanisiwe ye-rippling rippling of amafu, ibonakaliswa ngokushintshwa okubambe iqhaza.

Ingxenye yesibili inekota eyodwa kuphela yesibili, incazelo ipholile. Akuyona inkimbinkimbi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lomusho oluyinkimbinkimbi luzobukeka kanje:

[X, | Po, |, - =], [u = -]

Kulesi sigaba, isibonakaliso X sibonisa igama okumelwe liqunywe, lapho incazelo ehlukanisiwe ingokwakhe.

Lolu hlelo luzosiza ukuhlukanisa isigwebo esakhiwe ngomuntu olula ngezibikezelo ezihambelanayo, ezihlangene nenyunyana futhi. Qhathanisa: Esibhakabhakeni sasehlobo, ukuqhuma kwamafu, amafu amancane aqala ukubutha futhi agubungele. Lapha kunezibikezelo ezihambisanayo kuphela: baqala ukubuthana, ukumboza. Zixhunyiwe yi-union futhi.

Isigwebo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nehlelo layo

Imisho ehambelanayo ngesiRashiya enezixhumanisi ezingaphansi kwezingxenye ezingalingani: okuyinhloko kanye nabangaphansi. Ukuzichaza zilula: kulezi zinsuku kukhona njalo inyunyana engaphansi noma igama elihlangene. Amacebo anjalo wesigwebo esiyinkimbinkimbi athakazelisayo ngokwanele. Izibonelo zizoxoxwa ngezansi. Iqiniso liwukuthi ingxenye engaphansi ingakwazi ukuma ekuqaleni, ukuphela komusho futhi ngisho nokuphuza okuyinhloko.

Lapho iCossa iphakamisa isandla sayo yakhala, kudutshulwa isibhamu. Umusho uyinkimbinkimbi: Cossack - isihloko 1; Wavusa, wamemeza - ubikezela 1; Ukudubula - isihloko sesi-2; Isibikezelo sasizwakala. 2. Izingxenye zihlanganiswa yinyunyana uma, ingaphansi, ngakho-ke umusho uhlanganiswe. Kulokhu, lesi sigatshana siqala umusho. Ake siqinisekise lokhu. Okokuqala, iqukethe umbambano, futhi okwesibili, kulula ukubuza umbuzo: ingabe udutshulwa wafika (nini?) Lapho i-Cossack iphakamisa isandla sayo. Kulesi sigaba, ingxenye ehambisana nayo ihlanganisiwe kubakwa-parentheses. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye engaphansi iyinkimbinkimbi ngezibikezelo ezihambisanayo (nazo zikhonjisiwe ngokucacile). Uhlelo lokugwetshwa okunzima luzobukeka kanje: (uma - = and =), [= -].

Enye indlela, lapho isigwebo esiyinkimbinkimbi siqala ngenxenye eyinhloko: Kudutshulwe lapho iCossa iphakamisa isandla sayo ikhala. [= -], (uma - = futhi =).

Imisho eqondile: amacala akhethekile

Inkinga enkulu kakhulu imele imisho eyinkimbinkimbi ehlukanisiwe. Izibonelo ezinokubambisana manje ziyahlukana. Umusi ovela emlilweni, lapho baphonsa khona konke, bahlanza amehlo abo izinyembezi. Isisekelo sohlelo lwezingxenye eziyinhloko: umusi - isihloko, ugxilile - isichazamazwi. Esigabeni esingaphansi kukhona kuphela isandulela esiphonswe. Isisekelo segrama yesigaba esiyinhloko sihlukaniswa nesigatshana esingaphansi kwesigungu samanyunyana. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlelo luyoba kanje: [-, (lapho =), =].

Esinye isibonelo: Indlu encane iminyaka eminingana, lapho sanquma ukuyeka khona, yayisemaphethelweni edolobhana. Ingxenye eyinhloko: isihloko - indlu, isisho-sasikhona; Kuyinkimbinkimbi ukuhweba okubambisana, okungeyona eyodwa. Cishe ingxenye: isihloko - thina, isichazamazwi - sinqume ukuma. Lolu hlelo lulandelayo: [| poo | -, (where - =), =].

I-Scheme yomusho oyinkimbinkimbi wemanyano yonke

Sihlolisise imisho ehambelanayo neyinkimbinkimbi. Izibonelo ezinezinyunyana azizona kuphela. Kukhona nokuxhumeka kwezinxenye kuphela ezichazayo, ezingenakunqunywa. Lapha uhlelo olufanele lubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kulezi ziphakamiso, kanye nama-commas, i-semicolon, i-dash noma i-colon ingasetshenziswa. Ukuzikhethela kwabo kuxhomeke ebuhlotsheni be-semantic kanye nohlelo lolimi. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izingxenye zezinyunyana zenyunyana zilingana futhi zikhonjiswe kubakaki abesikwele. Ake sihlaziye lezi zibonelo.

1. Umoya wancenga kakhulu; Amagundane agxeka ngisho nakakhulu eminyangweni yabo. Lesi siphakamiso esiyinkimbinkimbi, sinezingxenye ezimbili: esisekelweni sokuqala umoya ukhononda, okwesibili - amagundane agijima. Ngokusho komthetho, uma kwezinye izingxenye kunamamaki okubhala, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufake i-semicolon ngoxhumano olungenalutho. Engxenyeni yesibili kunencazelo ehlukile, ehlukaniswe ngomahlaya. Lolu hlelo luzobukeka kanje: [- =]; [= -, | po] |].
2. Ngaphakathi lonke usuku kwakukhona ukungqubuzana: ama-servicemen agcinwa ekukhulumeni, amakhosazana azama izambatho, abantu abadala bahlolisisa ukulungele iholidi ngenjabulo. Kulesi siphakamiso kunezingxenye ezine ezinezixhumanisi ezingahambelani. Izisekelo ezisemagameni ziyizi zindlela ezilandelayo: ukungabi nalutho (isihloko) kwakuyi (isichazamazwi), izinceku (isihloko) zihlosiwe (isibikezelo), amakhosazana (isihloko) azama (isichazamazwi), abadala (subject) bahlolwe (isichazamazwi). Umusho wokuqala uchazwa yizilandelayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubeka ikholoni. Loluhlelo lulandelayo: [= -]: [= -], [- =], [- =].
3. Uzofunda ebuntwaneni - izincwadi zizoba abangane beqiniso empilweni. Ake siqinisekise ukuthi lesi siphakamiso sinzima. Nazi ezimbili izisekelo zegrammatical: uzoba (i-predicate), izincwadi (isihloko) ziyoba abangane (isichazamazwi). Kulesi simo, kudingeka udaka, ngoba ingxenye yesibili iqukethe umphumela kusuka kokuqala. Lolu hlelo lulula: [=] - [- =].

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana emshweni obunzima

Ukufunda isigwebo esiyinkimbinkimbi esikoleni (ibanga lesi-8), kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana ngaphakathi komusho ofanayo. Ake sihlaziye ukwakhiwa kwesifunda sokwakhiwa okufanayo.

I-Souvenirs ethengwe phakathi nohambo yayihlotshaniswa nomlando othile, futhi zonke iziqu zinesidakamizwa eside, kodwa phakathi kwazo zonke lezizinto ezingavamile azikho into ezaziyofanele zizinake ngokwayo. (B. Garth)

Kulesi siphakamiso kukhona izingxenye ezingu-4, ezixhunywe uxhumano oluhambisanayo nolungaphansi. Okwokuqala - izikhumbuzo (isihloko) zazixhunyiwe (i-predicate), okwesibili - i-trinket (isihloko) yayine-predicate), okwesithathu-ayitholakalanga (kuphela umbikezelo), owesine (igama lezinyunyana, isihloko) kuzodingeka uqaphele (isichazamazwi). Phakathi kwezingxenye zokuqala nezesibili zokuxhuma kokubhala, ngaphezu kwalokho, owokuqala kuyincazelo ehlanganisiwe; Phakathi kweyesibili nowesithathu nayo ihambisana, phakathi kwesithathu nesine ngaphansi. Lolu hlelo luzoba: [-, | po [], =, [a- =], [but =], (which =).

Imfanelo yesigwebo esiyinkimbinkimbi

Isici sesipho kufanele siphumelele ohlelweni. Kulokho okudingekayo ukukhombisa ukuthi kuyini ngenhloso yokukhuluma nokukhuluma, bese kubalulekile ukuchaza ngayinye yalezi zingxenye: ukwakheka (eyodwa noma ezimbili), ukusabalalisa, okuphelele noma cha, nokuthi yini eyinkimbinkimbi. Ake sithathe isibonelo njengesiphakamiso, uhlelo olwenziwe esigabeni esandulele. Ilandisa, hhayi okuthutha. Ingxenye yokuqala: izingxenye ezimbili, ezihlakazekile, eziphelele, eziyinkimbinkimbi ngencazelo ehlukile, zatshengisa ukushintshwa okubandakanyekayo; Ingxenye yesibili: izingxenye ezimbili, ezivamile, eziphelele, akuyona inkimbinkimbi nganoma iyiphi indlela; Ingxenye yesithathu: ingxenye eyodwa (engenzi), evamile, ephelele, ayinzima nganoma iyiphi indlela; Ingxenye yesine: izingxenye ezimbili, ezigcwele, eziphelele, akuyona inkimbinkimbi nganoma iyiphi indlela.