Uyazi ukuthi yiCyrillic?

Ukubhala isiRussia kunomlando wayo wokwakheka kanye nezinhlamvu zayo, okuhluke kakhulu neLatini efanayo esetshenziswa emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. I-alfabhethi yesiRashiya yi-Cyrillic, ngokunembile, inguqulo yayo yanamuhla, eguquliwe. Kodwa masingaqhubeki phambili.

Ngakho-ke, yini i-Cyrillic? Lena yi-alfabhethi ehambisana nezilimi ezithile zesi-Slavic, njenge-Ukraine, isi-Russian, isi-Bulgarian, isi-Belarusian, isi-Serbian, isiMacedonia. Njengoba ubona, incazelo ilula.

Umlando wama-Cyrillic alfabhethi uqala umlando wawo ngekhulu le-9, lapho umbusi waseByzantine uMichael III eyala ukudala uhlu olusha lwezinhlamvu zamaSlav, ukuze athumele amakholwa enkolo amatheksthi enkolo.

Ukuhlonipha ukwakha izinhlamvu ezinjalo kwaya kuthiwa "umfowabo wabafowethu" - uCyril noMethodius.

Kodwa ingabe lokhu kusinikeza impendulo yombuzo, yini i-Cyrillic? Ngokwengxenye, yebo, kodwa kunamanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Isibonelo, ukuthi ama-alfabhethi aseCyrillic asekelwe encwadini yesiGreki yesiqondiso. Futhi kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ngosizo lwamanye amagama ezinombolo ze-Cyrillic alfabhethi zachazwa. Kulokhu, i-diacritic sign-titlo-ekhethekile ibekwe ngenhla kokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlamvu.

Ngokuqondene nokusabalala kwama-Cyrillic alfabhethi, kwafika kuphela kumaSlav ekutholeni ubuKristu. Isibonelo, eBulgaria ama-Cyrillic alfabhethi abonakala kuphela ngo-860, emva kokuba uBulgaria Tsar Boris ethatha ubuKristu. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-IX ama-Cyrillic alfabhethi angena eSerbia, futhi eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva ensimini yaseKivanvan Rus.

Kanye nama-alfabhethi aqala ukusakazeka kanye nezincwadi zesonto, izinguqulo zeVangeli, iBhayibheli, imithandazo.

Eqinisweni, lokhu kwenza kucace ukuthi yisiphi iskriphthi seCyrillic nokuthi ivelaphi. Kodwa ingabe isifikile esimweni sayo sokuqala? Akunjalo. Njengezinye izinto eziningi, ukubhala kushintshiwe futhi kuthuthukisiwe kanye nolimi lwethu namasiko.

I-Cyrillic alfabhethi yanamuhla yalahlekelwa ezinye zezinhlamvu zayo nezinhlamvu ngesikhathi sezinguquko ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke washaywa izibonakaliso ezinjalo zobunikazi njenge-titlo, i-iso, i-kamora, i-letters yer neyer, i-yus enkulu neyincane, i-izhitsa, i-fita, i-psi ne-ksi. Ezinhlamvu zamanje zesiCyrillic zinezinhlamvu ezingu-33.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubalwa kwezinombolo ze-alphanumerical akuzange kusetshenziswe isikhathi eside, kwafakwa ngokuphelele ngamanani e-Arabhu. Inguqulo yanamuhla yama-Cyrillic alfabhethi ilula kakhulu futhi iyasebenza kunaleyo eyayiyiminyaka eyinkulungwane edlule.

Ngakho-ke, yini i-Cyrillic? Ama-alfabhethi angama-cyrillic, adalwe yizindela-abakhanyisi uCyril noMethodius emilayisweni kaTsar Michael III. Ngokuthola ikholo elisha, sathola amasiko amasha nje kuphela, unkulunkulu omusha namasiko, kodwa futhi nezinhlamvu zamagama, inqwaba yezincwadi zesonto ezihunyushwe okwakuyisikhathi eside kuphela okuyizincwadi ezingase zijabulele izigaba ezifundisiwe zabantu baseKivanvan Rus.

Esikhathini sesikhathi futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lezinguquko ezihlukahlukene, izinhlamvu zamagama zashintsha, zithuthukisiwe, nezinhlamvu ezingadingekile nezingadingekile nezibonakaliso zanyamalala kuwo. Ama-alfabhethi ase-Cyrillic esisebenzisayo namuhla ngumphumela wazo zonke izibalo eziye zenzeka ngaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane yokuba khona kwama-alfabhethi eSlavic.