Inqubo yefonetiki eyenzeka egameni (isibonelo). Izinqubo zefonetiki ngolimi

Inqubo yefontiki eyenzeka ngegama, ngokuyinhloko ichaza isipelingi sayo nokubiza amagama. Lezi zindaba kufanele zicatshangelwe uma kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa okuzwakalayo kwizifundo zesiRashiya. Ukuqaphela ikakhulukazi kukhokhwa lapha kwisimo somsindo othize. Izinqubo ezibizwa nge-positional phonetic ziyizici zezilimi eziningi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinguquko eziningi ekwakheni umsindo kwegama zithembele endaweni yabathwali. Omunye ujikeleza ama-vowels, othile uyathobisa abaqaphi. Umehluko phakathi kwe-boulevard yaseMoscow ne-St. Petersburg boulevard kakade yaba incwadi.

Incazelo yemqondo

Iyini inqubo ye-phonetic? Lona ushintsho olukhethekile ekuzweni kwezinhlamvu ngaphansi kwethonya lazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto. Uhlobo lwenqubo luxhomeke kulezi zici. Uma zingabhekiswa yikhiqiza eningi kakhulu yolimi, ukubiza okuvamile kwegama (isibonelo, ukucindezeleka) - lesi simo sizobizwa ngokuthi isimo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa zonke izinhlamvu ezincishisiwe nama-vowels, kanye nokumangalisa ekupheleni kwegama.

Enye into - lezo zinqubo ze-phonetic ngolimi, okunikeza ukuhlanganiswa kwemisindo ehlukene ngamazwi. Bayobizwa ngokuthi i-combinatorial (okungukuthi, kuxhomeke ekuhlanganeni okuthile kwemisindo). Okokuqala lapha kuhlanganisa ukufana, ukukhuluma nokunciphisa. Futhi ingathonywa kokubili umsindo olandelayo (inqubo eguquguqukayo) kanye nesandulela (okuqhubekayo).

Ukunciphisa ama-vowels

Okokuqala, ake sihlaziye isici sokunciphisa. Kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi kuyinto evamile kokubili ama-vowels nama-consonants. Ngokuqondene nesikhathi esidlule, le nqubo ye-fostiki iyinkinga ngokuphelele ekucindezelweni kwegama.

Okokuqala, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi wonke ama-vowels ngamazwi ahlukaniswe ngokuvumelana nesimo sengqondo esivumelwaneni esicindezelekile. Ngakwesobunxele ukusuka kuso hamba ngaphambi kokushaqeka, ngakwesokudla-zaudarnye. Isibonelo, igama elithi "i-TV". I-syllable sylable -wi-. Ngakho-ke, i-pre-radar-le yokuqala yokuqala, I-zaudarnyi-mnumzane.

Ngokuvamile, ukunciphisa kwamakholomu kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: okulinganiselwe kanye nokwenelisa. Owokuqala awunqunywa ukuguqulwa komklamo womsindo, kodwa kuphela ngamandla kanye nobude. Le nqubo yefontiki iphathelene nesibonakaliso esisodwa kuphela, [y]. Isibonelo, kwanele ukubiza igama elithi "boudoir" ngokucacile. Ukucindezeleka lapha kuwela isilawuli sokugcina, futhi uma kusetshenziswe kuqala "y" kuzwakala ngokucacile nangaphezulu, ngakho-ke embili yangaphambi kwempi kuyazwakala kakhulu buthakathaka.

Ukunciphisa ikhwalithi kungenye into. Akubandakanyi nje ukuguqulwa kwamandla nobuthakathaka bomsindo, kodwa futhi kumbala ohlukile we-timbre. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganiswa kwemisindo kuyashintsha.

Isibonelo, i- [o] kanye [a] esimweni esiphezulu (ie ngaphansi kokucindezeleka) zihlale zizwakala ngokucacile, akunakwenzeka ukuzidibanisa. Isibonelo, ake sihlaziye igama elithi "samovar". Ku-syllable yokuqala yokuqala-syllable (-mo-) inhlamvu "o" izwakala ngokucacile, kodwa ayitholanga ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuphela. Kuye, ukubhalwa kwesikhala kunokwaziswa kwayo [^]. Esikhathini sesibili sesilulumagama esandulela isilawuli, isilabhadi isiyingozi kakhulu, sinciphise kakhulu. Ibuye inegama layo siqu []]. Ngakho, ukubhaliselwa kuzobukeka kanje: [hlela].

Ama-vowels, ngaphambi kwawo okukhona ama-consonants aphansi, nawo athakazelisa kakhulu. Futhi, esimweni esinamandla zizwakala ngokucacile. Kwenzekani kuma-syllable angapheli? Ake sihlaziye igama elithi "spindle". I-syllable eshaqisayo - yokugcina. Esikhathini sokuqala se-vowel isibonakaliso sincishiswe kancane, sichazwa ngokubhaliselwa njengoba [no- ^e ] - nangomsindo we-e. I-pre-radar yesibili nowesithathu yancishiswa ngokuphelele. Imisindo enjalo iboniswa ngu- [b]. Ngakho, ukubhaliselwa kanje kulandelayo: [v''rti ehno].

Uhlelo lwePotebni lwelimi luyaziwa kahle. Wathola ukuthi i-syllable yokuqala yangaphambi kwe-syllable iyona ehluke kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-syllable angagqozi. Bonke abanye bangaphansi kwamandla kuye. Uma i-vowel isesikhundleni esinamandla ithathwa njenge-3, futhi ukunciphisa okubuthakathaka ku-2, sithola uhlelo olulandelayo: 12311 (igama elithi "igrammatical").

Ngokuvamile izenzakalo (ngokuvamile ekhuluma inkulumo), lapho ukunciphisa kuyinto zero, okungukuthi, isibonakaliso akubonakali nhlobo. Kukhona inqubo efana nocingo ephakathi nendawo ekupheleni kwegama. Isibonelo, egameni elithi "ucingo" asivamise ukubiza isilawuli esihlakalweni sesibili esiyinqaba: [ubufakazi], futhi ngegama elithi "kuya" kuze kube yilapho isibonakaliso sinciphise esimeni esiyingqayizivele [shtob]

Ukunciphisa ama-consonants

Futhi ngolimi lwanamuhla kunezinqubo zocingo, ezibizwa ngokuthi ukunciphisa ama-consonants. Kuqukethe ukuthi umsindo onjalo ekugcineni kwegama ushiyashika (ngokuvamile kutholakala ukuncishiswa kwezinga).

Lokhu kungenxa yokuzivocavoca kwamazwi okumemezela: siwabiza ngokuthi uphumelele, futhi ukugeleza komoya ngezinye izikhathi akukwaneli ukuveza kahle umsindo wokugcina. Lokhu kubuye kuxhomeke ezintweni ezizimele: ijubane lokukhuluma, kanye nezici zokubiza amagama (isibonelo, dialectal).

Lesi senzakalo singatholakala, ngokwesibonelo, emagameni athi "ukugula", "ukuphila" (ezinye izilimi azikhulumi ngamazwi wokugcina). Kanti futhi ngezinye izikhathi j kunciphisa: sisho igama elithi "mine" ngaphandle kwalo, nakuba, ngokwemithetho, kumele kube, ngoba "futhi" imi phambi kwevolumu.

I-Stun

Inqubo ehlukile yokwehliswa iyamangalisa, lapho ama-consonants ekhonjisiwe eguquleka ngaphansi kwethonya lesithulu noma ekugcineni kwegama.

Isibonelo, thatha igama elithi "mittens". Lapha indodana enomuntu ozwa isithulu [s] ngemuva kwakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, inhlanganisela [shk] izwa.

Esinye isibonelo sokuphela kwegama elithi "oki". Lapha i-sonorous [b] isimanga [n].

Ama-consonants avamile (noma ama-sonorous) awakhulunywa ngaso sonke isikhathi nawo ahambisana nale nqubo, nakuba ebuthakathaka kakhulu. Uma uqhathanisa ukubizwa kwegama elithi "isihlahla sikaKhisimusi", lapho [n] imele ngemva kwesibonakaliso, futhi "umswakama", lapho umsindo ofanayo ekugcineni, kulula ukubona umehluko. Esimweni sesibili, umsindo we-sonor ufushane futhi ubuthakathaka.

Ukushaya

Ngokuphelele inqubo ephikisayo - ukukhuluma. Libhekisela kakade ekuhlanganiseni, okungukuthi, kuye ngokuthi imisindo ethile ibheke eceleni. Njengomthetho, kubhekisela kuma-consonants asezithulu, atholakala ngaphambi kwezingane.

Isibonelo, amagama anjengokuthi "shiya", "yenza" - lapha ukuzwakalisa kwenzeke ekuhlanganiseni kwesiqalo kanye nomsuka. Lesi simo siphinde sibonwe phakathi kwegama: ko [s '] ba, pro [s'] ba. Futhi, inqubo ingase ibe khona emngceleni wegama kanye nesandulela: kuya kukagogo, "kusukela emzaneni".

Ukunciphisa

Omunye umthetho we-phonetics wukuthi imisindo elukhuni iyancenga, uma emva kwabo kuhamba amaqhinga amancane.

Kunokujwayelekile okujwayelekile:

1. Umsindo [u] uba buthakathaka uma ubhekene [h] noma [ni]: ba [n '] s, karma [n'] chik, idamu [n '] ibhokisi.
2. Umsindo [c] uyancipha esikhundleni ngaphambi kokuthwebula [t '], [n'], kanye [s], ngaphambi kokuthi [d '] no [n']: hamba [c '] t, [c'] hhayi, [s] '] Lapha, ku- [z'] nya.

Le mithetho emibili isebenza kuzo zonke izikhulumi zolimi lwezifundo, kodwa zikhona izilimi lapho kunciphisa khona. Isibonelo, ungasho [d '] ukholwe noma [c'] em.

Ukufana

Qinisekisa inqubo yefontiki yokufanisa ingafana nokufana. Ngamanye amazwi, imisindo enzima ukuyibiza, kubonakala sengathi ifana nokuma eduze. Lokhu kusebenza ezinhlanganisweni ezifana "sc", "zch", futhi "shch", "zdch" nethi "stch." Bashintshwa ngu [u]. Injabulo yi-sch] asti; Indoda iyi-mu [nu] ina.

Futhi, ukuhlanganiswa komlomo kufaniswa-futhi-kube, esikhundleni sabo uzwa [c]: umqhele [c] a, impi [c] a, uzwe [c] a.

Ukucaciswa kusebenza futhi lapha. Uma iqembu lamakhononi lilahlekelwa yinye yazo: co [n] tse, izves [n] yak.