Kuyini izimpawu zokubhala? Imithetho yezimpawu zokubhala. Isheke lokugcina izimpawu

Kwasekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, amanani amatshwayo wokubhala ngamunye awakhiwe, kanye nomqondo wokuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokubhala. Zonke izibonelo ezingaphumelelanga zaqedwa, futhi izinketho ezingcono kakhulu zazinqunywe ngokuqinile kwi-prose yobuciko.

Iyini izimpawu zokubhala , futhi yimiphi imithetho yayo eyisisekelo?

Wonke umuntu wahlangana nalomqondo ezinsukwini zesikole. Kodwa ingabe omunye umuntu angayiphendula ngokucacile umbuzo mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokubhala? Ngomuntu ojwayelekile, kwanele ukwazi ukuthi lena yimithetho yokubeka amamaki okubhala. Ake sicabangele okuyinhloko kubo, ukuze sivuselele izifundo zesikole ngenkumbulo, futhi sigcwalise isikhwama sokwazi.

Wonke umuntu wafundiswa esikoleni ukuthi iphuzu ekugcineni komusho liveza ukuphelela komcabango. Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile. Isibonelo, cabangela umusho olandelayo: "Wabona imvilophu emandleni omngani wakhe. Mhlophe. Rectangular. Ayingcolile. "

Ukubheka isakhiwo, lo musho owodwa, futhi wonke amaphuzu (ngaphandle kweyokugcina) angashintshwa ngama-commas. Kungani umbhali enquma ukubeka amachashazi lapha? Kodwa uma ubeka ngokuqondile, leli phuzu aligcini nje kuphela lapho umqondo womusho uphela, kodwa futhi lapho umlobi ekholelwa ukuthi uthe konke ayekufunayo. Naphezu kwalokhu, ngokusho kwemigomo iphuzu lifakwa eyodwa, ekupheleni komusho. Uma umbhali ebeka amaphuzu emkhatsini wesigwebo, khona-ke inkululeko yakhe kuphela. Uma ucaphuna, noma kunjalo, awukwazi ukuhlanekezela umbhalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isheke lokubonisa izimpawu sibonisa yini. Ake sicabangele eminye imithetho.

Ama-Ellipses nezimpendulo

Ukuphikisa okuthile ngephuzu yi-ellipsis. Lokhu kumatshwayo wokufaka izimpawu kubeka uma ngabe isigwebo singagcwaliswa noma siqedwe. Kulesi simo, ungavela nokuqhubeka kwakho kokungaqinisekisiwe. "Ungakuchaza kanjani ngokucacile, madam ..."

Le mpawu yokubhala izimpawu inomqondo owodwa, uma kungezona konke okushiwoyo futhi, mhlawumbe, ngemva kokucabanga, umbhali uzongeza enye into. "Emnyangweni ... kodwa kungcono ukungabi negama kulowo mnyango." (I-N.V. Gogol)

Zombili izindinganiso ze-ellipsis - ukungapheleli nokungaqiniseki kungasetshenziswa kokubili ndawonye kanye ngokwehlukana. Enye i-ellipsis ibonisa ukushiywa kombhalo emisho.

Imibuzo yokuzibuza nokumangala

Uma umisa embuzweni wombuzo, imithethonqubo yokubhala izimpawu ibonisa nokuthi ihluke kakhulu nokubaluleka kwephuzu, kodwa ngokuhlukile. Uma leli phuzu libonisa ukuphela komcabango, umbuzo wombuzo udinga impendulo. Ngolimi lwesiRussia, inkulumo ngomlomo ngokuhambisana nalokhu okuphawulekayo okuphawulekayo kunamagama athile kanye namazwi okubuza. Isibonelo, njengalokhu kulesi simo esilandelayo: "Kwenzekani naye? Uzizwa kanjani? Uzizwa kanjani? Ufuna ukungivivinya, noma angakwazi ukuthethelela ngempela?" Akakwazi ukusho konke acabangayo nokuzizwa noma angazifuni? Yena, noma othukuthele? "

Uma umbhali ekugcineni komusho engabeki iphuzu, kodwa iphuzu lokumemeza, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi lesi sitatimende sikhathazeke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zokumemeza, njengoba imithetho yezimpawu zokubhala, kuhluka ngokungafani nokusebenzisa ichashazi, amachashazi nombuzo wombuzo: "Hlala, injabulo yami, injabulo yami emfushane!"

I-Comma

Ukubeka i-comma emshweni, umbhali uthi akukakapheli, futhi kuzoba nokuqhubeka. I-comma iphikisana nephuzu, ne-ellipsis, ngoba isigwebo asiphelelanga, futhi ngamabomu asiphazanyiswanga. Ngosizo lwamakhompiyutha, izingxenye zomusho, ezakhiwe yombhali, zixhunyiwe ndawonye. Ngako-ke lo mphawu wokukhomba awuhlukanisi kakhulu noma uhlukanisa, mangaki amagama asematheksthini ahlanganiswa ngencazelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zokubhala ezitholakalayo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwamakhompiyutha, isibonelo: "Yebo, uyazi kahle, isilinda sakho akuyona neze ehlekisayo."

I-Semicolon

Uphawu oluzayo lokubhala izimpawu esizobheka luyi-semicolon. Ngokwezinga elithile lifana nephuzu, i-comma, futhi kwesinye isilinganiselo sehlukile kubo bonke. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-semicolon kubonisa ukuthi umbhali usuqedile ubuningi bomcabango wakhe, futhi umfundi unokucabanga okuningi, kodwa lokhu akuwona wokugcina, futhi kuyoba nomunye umphumela. Nakhu indlela imbongi yaseRussia AS AS Pushkin isebenzisa ngayo i-semicolon:

Isikhulu sabeka
Waya endaweni engenalutho,
Kumlobokazi omuhle
Ukubukeka okungenani kanye.
Lapha kuza; Kwavuka
Ngaphambi kwakhe intaba isiphephe;
Ezungeze izwe lakhe alinalutho;
Ngaphansi kwentaba kukhona ukungena emnyama.

Futhi, i-semicolon ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa esikhundleni se-comma, uma izingxenye zomusho ezixhuma zikhulu kakhulu futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi kwisakhiwo.

Izibonelo ezinjalo zivame ukuvela emibhalweni yabantu basezingeni eliphezulu: "Ngenkathi yamaRussia, kuthiwa, ukuziphatha kwakungaphezu kwakho konke, kodwa, kunikezwa ukuthi zingaki izingane e-Queen Victoria, kubonakala sengathi kukhona umuntu onobuqili."

I-Colon

Lo mbhali usebenzisa isibonakaliso kulezo zimo lapho ehlose ukuchaza umyalezo owenziwe ekuqaleni. Ikakhulukazi, ngaphambi kwamalungu amaningana ahambisana nomusho emva kwegama elijwayelekile: "Isambatho sonke sezindlovukazi zenkosikazi: isembozo, izicathulo nesembatho" senziwa emnyuziyamu. Uma isiphakamiso singenayo izinyunyana, khona-ke ngaphambi kokuba ingxenye yesibili kunconywa ukuthi ufake ikholoni uma kwenzeka igcwalisa ingxenye yokuqala noma ichaza okuthile. Futhi ikholoni isetshenziswa ngaphambi kwenkulumo eqondile ngemuva kwamazwi omlobi. Isibonelo: Ekugcineni, ngamtshela: "Ufuna ukuhamba ngezinyawo?"

Yiziphi zezibonakaliso ezidala ubunzima obukhulu kakhulu?

I-Dash yisimphawu sezimpawu zokuphambuka kakhulu se-polysemantic. Isetshenziselwa icala lapho amagama engekho emshweni noma engaphelelanga, okungukuthi, lapho isenzo-isisindo "singu", "be" futhi okunye okunjalo akushiywe. Isibonelo: "Umlando wezinganekwane uyingqikithi yezinhlamvu, lapho kubalingiswa khona abalingiswa bemilingo, futhi izenzakalo zemilingo zenzeka," noma: "I-lotus iyimbali yokubukeka okungavamile," noma: "Idatha iyimpawu zokugcina izimpawu." Lokhu kungukuthi, lokhu okuphawulekayo okuphawulekayo kumehluko phakathi kwesihloko kanye nesandulela, okuvezwa ngamabizo. I-Dash ifakwa ngaphambi kwegama elikhiqizayo, elifaka isamba semali esandulele ngokusebenzisa imigomo ehambisanayo. "I-Lotus, i-safari, yavuka zonke izimbali ezazibhekwa njengezingcwele futhi zihlonishwa kakhulu emasikweni asendulo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba wethu." Lezi zimpawu zokubhala izimpawu nazo zibekiwe uma isihloko segama-magama sibhekene necala lokuqokwa, futhi isenzo esilandelayo sisetshenziswe ngendlela engapheli: "Ukuziqhenya kwangempela ukuhamba nokutshela iqiniso kumuntu."

Kungenzeka futhi kudingekile ukubeka amahloni, uma kokubili isihloko kanye nesimiso sichazwa izenzo ngendlela engapheli: "Kulungile futhi ngaphandle kwephutha ukubhala - ukuhlonipha lowo ozofunda incwadi yakho."

Abalobi abaningi bathanda ukusebenzisa i-dash, okungukuthi i-polysemy yayo emsebenzini wabo, ukuguqula leli phawu lokubamba izimpawu zibe izindlela eziyinhloko zokubhala izimpawu zokubhala.

Kodwa kuthiwani ngamaphuzu kanye nabakaki?

Izicaphuno zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuklama kwenkulumo eqondile. Bahlukanisa amagama omlobi avela enkulumweni eqondile noma okucaphuno. Futhi, ngale ndlela izindlela ezihlukene ezingafani nesitayela senkulumo noma azikhethiwe kahle zikhethiwe. Zibonele wena: "Inhloko yeqembu ibike ukuthi uhulumeni" uyaxolisa "ngaphansi kokucindezelwa kwezigebengu kanye" nabaphathi abonakele! " Amaphuzu angagcizelela incazelo engacacile yamazwi noma ukubonisa ukucasuka: "Laba" basindisi baseBlandland "ngeke kube nzima ukuletha izwe lethu enhlekeleleni!"

Izimemezelo zivela kubakaki, okungenalo ulwazi oluyisisekelo kodwa oluyisisekelo: "I-rose (etshalwe yimi) izokukhumbuza lezo zikhathi ezijabulisayo." Ngakho-ke, iziphumlisi emshweni azixhomeke emithethweni eqinile, kodwa futhi ngezinga elithile ngesifiso nenhloso yomlobi.

Izimpawu zokubhala ezingavamile

Ngezinye izikhathi abalobi basebenzisa iziphawuzi ezingavamile , isibonelo, ama-commas amabili, lapho ingxenye ethile yomusho ibelwe khona. Ngomgomo ofanayo, ungasebenzisa i-dash. Ngokwencazelo yabo, ama-commas nama-dashes lapha enza njengabakaki. Futhi uma ungakhipha ukwakhiwa komusho ngama-commas, bese usebenzisa udashi baveza ingxenye yomusho, okusho ukuthi, ngokuzwakalayo, uphume ngokuphelele embhalweni jikelele. Ukuhlola izimpawu zokubhala kule ndaba kuzosiza ukuthi ungaphutha futhi uhumushe kahle incazelo yombhalo wonke.

Uma sikhuluma ngezimpawu zokubhala ngokujwayelekile (hhayi emgqeni kuphela), khona-ke isigaba (§), esivame ukusetshenziselwa izihloko, ozimele nezakhi ezikhethiwe ezihlokweni, izingqungquthela namagama emibhalweni, ingafaka le ndawo. Ukucabangela yonke imithetho engenhla, kungacaciswa ukuthi ukuhlola isipelingi kanye nezimpawu zokubhala kuyinto ongayigcini isikhathi sokubhala noma yimuphi umbhalo. Kuwuphawu nje lwemfundo yakho. Sithemba ukuthi kulesi sihloko siphendule umbuzo ngokuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokubhala.