Izinga lokuqhathanisa izichasiso ngolimi lwesiNgisi lilula

Izinga lokuqhathanisa izichasiso ngesiNgisi ngenye yezihloko zolimi olufinyeleleka kakhulu. Abafundi abaningi abafunda lesi siyalo ngokushesha bayazi kahle izinhlobo zezichasiselo kanye nezindawo zokusebenzisa kwazo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kulesi sihloko ungakwazi ukudweba ngokucacile ulimi lwesiRussia.

Ngakho-ke, kunezigaba ezintathu zokuqhathanisa izichasiso ngesiNgisi, lapho kufaneleka ukunaka amabili kuphela.

1. Okuhle: "le-orange inkulu." Empeleni, kuyindlela engathathi hlangothi yesiphakamiso. Mayelana nokuqhathaniswa kwenkulumo akusiyo.

2. Ukuqhathanisa: "Leli-orange likhulu kunama-orang ajwayelekile."

3. Kuhle kakhulu: "Le yinja enkulu kakhulu emhlabeni."

Ngakho-ke, sinezinhlobo ezintathu zesiphakamiso: esikhulu, esikhulu, esikhulu kunazo zonke.

Izichasiselo eziningi kakhulu zesiRussia zingaba namafomu amabili e-lexical ekuboniseni izinga elifanayo lokuqhathanisa. Isibonelo, "inhle kakhulu" futhi "inhle kakhulu". Incazelo yabo ayifani. Kuyinto efanayo: into ethile into enhle kangangokuthi ayinawo abadlali.

Kodwa-ke, ngesiNgisi ukufana okunjalo akucatshangwa. Isiphakamiso ngasinye sinendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuveza izinga elilodwa lokuqhathanisa. Nakuba kunamagama amaningana anamafomu amabili, noma kunjalo, incazelo yamazwi ezimweni ezinjalo ahluke ngokucacile: kude, eduze, ubudala, ngasekupheleni.

Isibonelo: kude (kude) - ukuhamba (okude kakhulu) - i-farest (ekude kakhulu) - isetshenziswa uma kuziwa kude.

Kodwa: okude - okuqhubekayo - okude kakhulu (okude kakhulu) - la mafomu asetshenziswa uma sithi "okuqhubekayo", okusho ukulandelana okuthile, hhayi ukude.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe izinga lokuqhathanisa izichasiso ngolimi lwesiNgisi. Ukuzivocavoca okusiza ukuwaqonda kulula kakhulu: zama ukunciphisa amagama kuqala, bese wenza iziphakamiso ngokuzimela.

Ngakho-ke, ekwenzeni ukufaniswa komthetho we-power in English, izinketho ezimbili zisetshenziselwa:

1. Ukuphelelwa isikhathi -is, -kuthola okuningi:

- i-monosyllabic, okungukuthi, izichasiselo ezimfushane ezihlanganisa isilawuli esisodwa: umbhoshongo ophakeme - umbhoshongo ophakeme - umbhoshongo ophakeme;

- izichasiselo ze-disyllabic ekupheleni -y (lokhu kuphelelwa kuguqulelwa -i). Izibonelo: owesifazane omatasa (owesifazane ovuthiwe) - owesifazane ophethe i-busier (owesifazane ophethe i-busier) - owesifazane ohamba phambili (owesifazane omatasa kakhulu):

- izichasiso ze-disyllabic ne-ending -ow. Izibonelo: umfula omncane (umfula omncane) - umfula omncane (umfula omncane) - umfula omncane kakhulu (umfula omncane kakhulu);

- izichasiso ze-disyllabic nokuphela -le. Izibonelo: umfundi omnene (umfundi oqondayo) - umfundi ohlakaniphile (umfundi oqonda ukuqonda) - umfundi we-gentlest (umfundi oqondisisa kakhulu);

- izichasiso ze-disyllabic ne-ending -er. Izibonelo: Inhliziyo yethenda (intando yenhliziyo) inhliziyo yenhliziyo (intando yenhliziyo) - inhliziyo enenhliziyo ethandekayo (inhliziyo enethando kakhulu);

- izichasiso ezivela kumabhilidi amabili ngokugcizelela okwesibini. Izibonelo: Umfana ohloniphekile (umfana ohloniphekile) - umfana wokukhulisa (umfana ohloniphekile) - umfana wezombangazwe (umfana ohloniphekile);

- izichazamiso ezintathu-isilawuli nesibalo un-. Izibonelo: umbuzo ongaqondakali (umbuzo ongacacile) - umbuzo ongacacile (umbuzo ongacacile) - umbuzo ongaqondakali (umbuzo ocacile kakhulu).

2. Izilinganiso zokufanisa izichasiso ngolimi lwesiNgisi zakhiwa ngamagama angeziwe ngaphezulu (ngaphezulu), iningi (iningi) futhi eliphambene nenani elincane (ngaphansi) futhi okungenani (okungenani). Ngokusho kwalolu hlelo, amafomu akhiwa:

- zonke izichasiso ze-disyllabic, ngaphandle kwalezo ezihlanganiswe nomthetho ngaphezulu. Isibonelo: ukuzonda - ukudubula. Iqukethe ama-syllables amabili, kodwa isilawuli sokuqala igcizelelwe. Ngakho-ke: inkulumo eyethusayo (inkulumo ehlabayo) - inkulumo enzima kakhulu (inkulumo engathandekayo) - inkulumo enhle kakhulu (inkulumo eyayibuhlungu kakhulu noma ehlabayo);

- zonke izichasiso ze-polysyllabic. Isibonelo: abantu abazimele (abantu abazimele) - abantu abaningi abazimele (abantu abaningi abazimele) - abantu abazimele kakhulu (abantu abazimele kakhulu).

Kukhona okuhlukile. Lawa angamazwi alandelayo: okuhle, omubi, amaningi, amaningi, amancane. Kuzo ekwakheni amadigri okuqhathanisa izinguquko zempande.

Izibonelo:

Isiqhathaniso sokuqhathanisa izichasiso ngesiNgisi:

Lokhu ushizi kungcono kunalokho. - Leli shizi lingcono kunaleyo.

Indwangu ebomvu ingalungile kunombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. - Indwangu ebomvu ingalungile kunombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Igundane lincane kunekati. - Igundane lincane kunekati.

Wayengakaboni nakancane kunemonkey. - Wayengaphansi kokukhangisa kunemonkey.

Isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokuqhathanisa izichasiselo:

Usuku olungcono kakhulu. - Usuku olungcono kakhulu.

Abahlonishwayo abagqoke kakhulu kakhulu abadumile abagqoke kakhulu.

Lona izintana ezincane kakhulu emhlabeni. - Lena yincani encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Wayeyintombazane engathandeki esikoleni - Yayiyintombazane encane ekhangayo esikoleni.

Lona ulwazi oluyisisekelo oludingayo ukwazi ngamafomu okuqhathaniswa kwezichasiso ngesiNgisi. Njengoba uye wazi kahle izimiso ze-declension, qaphela izimo ezinjengokuphindaphindiwe kokuphindaphindiwe kwezichasiselo, ukunyamalala kwesibonakaliso, nokukhula okuqhathaniswa negama elithi "okuningi".