Uhlelo lolimi lwesiJalimane: ukuhlelwa kwamagama emshweni wesiJalimane

Ulimi lolimi lwesiJalimane luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunezilimi ezihlobene neqembu lamaRomance-German. Thatha, isibonelo, ukuguqulwa kwamabizo noma umqondo wobulili wohlelo lolimi, olungesiNgisi. Umqondo wokuhlelwa kwegama ukhona cishe kuzo zonke izilimi, kuphela kwezinye izimo esibhekana nazo nokuhlelwa kwamahhala kwamagama emshweni, kwabanye kunamaphethini athile.

Ngenhloso yesitatimende, isigwebo sesiJalimane sihlukaniswe sibe izinhlobo ezintathu:

1. Okulandelanayo (Aussagesatz).
2. I-interrogative (i-Fragesatz).
3. Ukukhuthaza (Imperativsatz).

I-Word oda emgqeni wesiJalimane

Emgameni wesiJalimane, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlelwa kwegama. Isimiso sesiphakamiso saseJalimane ukukhona okuphoqelekile kokubili kwamalungu amakhulu: njengesihloko (Subjekt), kanye nesandulela, Prädikat (kukhona okuhlukile, kodwa lokhu kufanele kukhulunywe ngokwehlukana).

Isiphakamiso esilula esingenasikhumbuzo sinamalungu amakhulu kuphela ekubunjweni kwawo futhi sibheka okufana nalokhu: Ich schreibe. (Ngibhala). Ngokuvamile isiphakamiso sinamalungu angaphezu kwezingu-2, lapho bekhuluma khona ngesiphakamiso esasakazeke kabanzi.

Ukuhlelwa kwamagama emgodini waseJalimane kunemihlobo emibili: okuqondile nokuhlanekezela.

Ukulandelana okuqondile kwamagama omusho olula odumile kulula ukuveza ngalolu hlelo olulandelayo: subject + predicate + terms secondary.

I-Er schreibt ein Brief.

Ingxenye ye-conjugate ye-complex compound predicate ihlale isendaweni yesibili, enye, ingxenye engezona-conjugate, kanye nesibalo esahlukanisiwe, iya ekupheleni komusho:

I-Er hat e-Bes griechrieben. Sie geht heute spazieren.

Inketho yesibili yi- oda elihle lamazwi.

Okushiwo umusho ngokwayo kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwesinye isimiso sokuhlela amagama asishintshi. Kulokhu, kuphela mina no-III ngibeka ushintsho, i-oda elihle libukeka cishe kanje: ilungu elincane lomusho + isingeniso (ingxenye yereferensi) + isihloko + semibandela yesibili + engeyona eyimfanelo. Ingxenye yombikezelo. Indawo yokugcina ibuye ibekwe isiqalo esihlukanisiwe.

Heute geht sie spazieren.

I-Word oda ngesiJalimane isigwebo: umusho omubi

Ngokuvamile isigwebo saseJalimane sisebenzisa ukungabi nicht, okufakwa ngaphambi kwegama eliphikisayo: Nicht alle sehen das.

Uma ukungabi nalutho kuphazamisa lesi sibikezelo, i-particle ifakwa ekupheleni komusho: Das wissen wir nicht.

Uma ukunganaki kuhambisana nesibongo, sebenzisa i-particle kein, ebeka ngqo phambi kwayo. Womabili amagama ahlelwa ubulili kanye necala: I-Er hat keine Zeit.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngesiJalimane kukhona ukuhlukunyezwa okulodwa kuphela emshweni, ngokungafani neRashiya.

I-Word oda emgqeni wesiJalimane: isigwebo sokubuza imibuzo

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zeziphakamiso zesiJalimane zokubuza imibuzo: ngegama lombuzo futhi ngaphandle kwalo.

Imisho yokubuza imibuzo ngaphandle kwegama lombuzo: Ref. Ingxenye yomlando + isihloko + samalungu ayisithupha + asesidlangalaleni. Ingxenye ye-predicate: Gehst du im Park?

Imisho yokubuza imibuzo ngombuzo ovela kuyo iqala futhi: i- vopr. Izwi + спр. Ingxenye yomlando + isihloko + samalungu ayisithupha + asesidlangalaleni. Ingxenye ye-predicate: Wohin geht er heute Ukuthungela i-spazieren?

Ukuhlelwa kwamazwi emgunyeni wesiJalimane wokukhuthaza

Umusho obalulekile (obalulekile) uveza ucingo lwezenzo, ukuhleleka, ukuvinjelwa. I-predicate, ehambisana nomzwelo obalulekile, ithatha indawo yokuqala: Gehen wir im Park!

I-oda lamazwi emgqeni wesiJalimane esiyinkimbinkimbi

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemisho eyinkimbinkimbi: ihlanganiswe futhi iyinkimbinkimbi. Njengoba isigwebo esakhiwe izingxenye zayo zingase zibe khona ngokuzimela, ukuhlelwa kwamagama kuzo akufani kakhulu nomusho olula waseJalimane. Ngokuhlukile, kufanele sigxile emshweni oyinkimbinkimbi.

Inketho eyodwa: isiphakamiso esikhulu sisesimweni sokuqala, ingxenye yesibili ilandela. Kulesi simo, uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-oda lombhalo lunolwazi olulandelayo:

• Umusho oyinhloko une-oda elifana nomusho olula;
• Isigaba esilandelayo: ngokushesha ngemuva komhlahlandlela, ukuhlanganiswa okuphansi + kunamalungu + angamasonto + kufakwa + (ukunganaki, uma kukhona) Ingxenye ye-predicate + skr. Ingxenye yombikezelo.

Izingqungquthela ezihlukile azihlukaniswanga. Uma isichazamazwi esiqeshini esingaphansi sichazwa ngesenzi esicabangelayo, khona-ke inhlayiya engasifuni efomini efisa ifakwe ngqo ngemva kokubambisana, futhi ngemuva kwayo kuphela indaba.

Uma ukuhleleka kweziphakamiso kushintshela, futhi umusho oyinhloko uya ngemuva, uqala nge-ref. Ingxenye yombikezeli, ngoba isigatshana esincane, sesifinyelele phambili, sidlala indima yelinye lamalungu asemqoka wesiphakamiso.