Umfana - incazelo yegama, incazelo

Naphezu kwemizamo yabososayensi bezinlimi, akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusungula umsuka wegama ngesiRashiya. Ikakhulukazi lokhu kusebenza ku-jargon, okuvela emvelweni webugebengu. Isibonelo esicacile sesimo esinjalo igama elithi "umfana". Okushiwo leli gama kuyaziwa namuhla cishe wonke umuntu, kodwa ekuqaleni kwakunencazelo ehlukile. Yiyiphi? Masifunde, futhi sizocubungula imibono eyaziwa kakhulu yomsuka wophiko olunikeziwe lwe-lexical.

Ukuhumusha kwamanje kwegama elithi "umfana"

Leli gama manje lingase lizwakale cishe kunoma yimuphi umuntu, kungakhathaliseki isimo sakhe senhlalakahle nemfundo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, leli gama elicatshangelwayo lingokwesigaba sobufebe, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo ekukhulumeni kwencwadi kubhaliwe kuyiphutha.

Kusho ukuthini? Igama elithi "umfana" livame ukubhekisela kubafana, kanye nabantu abasha. Okusondelene kakhulu kuye kukhona amagama "umfana", "umfana", naphakathi kwezikhulumi ezivamile - "dude".

Yini "umfana" ezweni elibi?

Njengoba usujwayelene nencazelo eyinhloko yegama elithi "umfana", kufaneleka ukunakekelwa ukuthi lesi sichazamazwi sichazwa kanjani ngesichazamazwi esichazayo sezinhlanzi zamacala obugebengu (SDSW). Kulo, igama elisetshenziselwa umbuzo lisetshenziswe ngobuningi - "abafana" - futhi kusho ... isethi yamakhi okhiye, kanye nokudlala amakhadi.

Kwezinye izichazamazwi (ngokukhethekile emacinini asetshenziswa yizigebengu enkulumweni yabo) incazelo yegama elithi "umfana" ihlukile - isela elincane elisebenza ndawonye nesiphambeko esinolwazi futhi lufunda kuye.

Futhi leli gciwane livame ukusetshenziswa emishweni ethi "kid oluhlaza" nelithi "umfana wegolide". Igama lokuqala limane nje isela elincane, kanti eyesibili - isisulu esincane esivele sithole "impumelelo" ethile emkhakheni okhethiwe.

Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukukhuluma ngelungu leqembu elibhekene necala lobugebengu, elijabulela inhlonipho ekhethekile evela kozakwethu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkulumo ejwayelekile "umfana obolile" ifakazela ukuthi akusilo njalo lesi sibizo esisho isigebengu esihlonishwayo.

Esigabeni somakhelwane, leli gama libhekisela kubafana abathi, ngokubona kwenkampani, bangabantwana abajwayelekile abaphila ngokuvumelana nemibono yenkantolo noma yesifunda.

Kuzo zonke izincazelo ezichazwe ngencazelo yegama elithi "umfana", singaphetha ngokuthi ayikho incazelo ecacile yalesi sihloko, futhi kwezinye izindawo nezigaba zisetshenziswa ngendlela yayo.

Lapho leli gama lavela ngesiRussia

Ngakho-ke, namuhla akukho mqondo ongathandekiyo mayelana nendlela i-unit of speech esayicabangela ngayo eyakhiwa, kodwa iyaziwa uma ibonakala.

Lokhu kwenzeka ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, cishe cishe emva kokuguqulwa kuka-1917. Lokhu kuboniswa yiqiniso elithile. Abantu abaningi abafuna ukufunda i-etymology kanye nencazelo yegama elithile, baphendukela emisebenzini eyisisekelo yabalobi abahlonishwayo, abahlonishwayo. Omunye umsebenzi onjalo yiNcazelo Yokuchaza YeLimi Elikhulu LaseRashiya ngo-VI Dal. Yini esiyithola kuyo? Iyini incazelo yegama elithi "umfana" ngokusho kukaDal? Kuvela ukuthi akusilo nje igama elinjalo noma eduze kwalo. Futhi uVladimir Ivanovich wayengumuntu onomusa futhi wayengeke aphuthele leyunithi lexical uma isakazwe ngekhulu le-19.

Esinye sezichazamazwi zokuqala lapho umqondo onqunywe khona yi "Umshini wezigebengu 'we-AM Selischev, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1928. Ngemva kwakhe, ngo-1929," umfana "uvela kwisichazamazwi se-AV Mirtov. Kulo, leli gama livela njengegama elingenamakhaya futhi linyathela eRostov.

U-Anton Semenovich Makarenko onguchwepheshe omusha wokufundisa ohamba phambili ekhoneni lakhe elithi "Pedagogical Poem" njalo uhlangana negama elithi "umfana" ngomqondo "ongenamakhaya." Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi phakathi kwama-20-30. Ikhulu lama-XX. Lezi zibizo zazibizwa ngokuthi abafana abavela emindenini engasebenzi noma izintandane, bephoqelelwe ukuba baphile ngokuba.

Mhlawumbe, lapho isizukulwane sezingane, esabizwa ngokuthi "abafana", sakhula, kanye nabo leli gama lasetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni yezobugebengu njengesikhalo kubantu abakhudlwana abangaphezulu kwezigebengu.

Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi emva kweMpi Enkulu yamaPatriotic "Emnyangweni wolimi lwesiRashiya" igama elithi "O" "ISI" elithi "O" "ISizhegov" lisho kakade umfana noma umfana. Ngakho uphathwa namuhla.

Incazelo yegama elithi "patsan" phakathi kwamaJuda

Ngemva kokubhekana nokuhumusha kanye nomlando wokusatshalaliswa, kufanelekile ukunaka imibono edume kakhulu yomsuka wegama elithi "umfana".

Enye yezinguqulo ezimbi kakhulu zokubukeka kwakhe kungumJuda. Ngokusho kwakhe, "umfana" ekuqaleni wabhalwa ngokuthi "pocan" (ongagxilile "mayelana" ufundwa ngokuthi [a] futhi wakhiwa kusukela ngegama elithi "poc". NgesiHeberu lisho "ipeni", kodwa kaningi lisetshenziswe njengelingana igama elithi "isiwula".

Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi igama elithi "umfana" lakhiwa ngenye indlela yokuhlukunyezwa kwamaJuda - "intengo" ("ipenisi engaphili kahle").

Kuyaziwa ukuthi isiko lokusebenzisa amagama athi "poc" kanye "ipensela" enkulumweni yabonakala e-Odessa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX. Ngenxa yocingo elikhulu lamaJuda edolobheni, ulimi lwabo oluhlambalaza (okuyinto ababiza ngamasela amancane) maduzane lusakazeka endaweni yokulwa nobugebengu, hhayi kuphela e-Odessa, kodwa nangaphezulu kwemingcele yayo.

Kuvela, akunandaba ukuthi igama elicatshangelwayo lenziwa kusukela "poca" noma "pose", incazelo yegama elithi "umfana" elivela egameni lamaJuda "iyilungu lezokuzala". Vumelana, lokhu kunalokho akujabulisi kulabo abathanda ukubiza ngokuthi "kid".

Umbono we-Ukraine wemvelaphi

Nokho, akuzona zonke ososayensi bezilimi abakholelwa ukuthi igama elibuzwayo livela ngesiHeberu. Iziningi zezilimi ziphikelela emlandweni wase-Ukraine webizo. Ngakho-ke, ku-B. Grinchenko's Dictionary of the Ulimi lwesi-Ukraine, eyanyatheliswa eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, kukhona igama elithi "patsy" - ingulube noma ingulube endala.

Kulokho, kukholelwa ukuthi igama elithi "umfana" ekuqaleni lalibizwa ngokuthi izingane kanye nentsha eyadla izingulube. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwisichazamazwi sikaDahl ngesikhathi esifanayo, igama elithi "pats" - "isiqu" saqashelwa.

Umkhondo wasePoland ku-etymology yegama elithi "umfana"

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, kunombono mayelana nomsuka wasePoland wegama. Ngakho-ke, ngolimi lwabantu abaziqhenyayo kukhona i-lexeme pacan, ehunyushwa ngokuthi "isiwula".

Ngemva kokuhlola yonke imibono yemvelaphi yegama elithi "umfana", kufanele sivume ukuthi bonke bayavuma ukuthi leli gama laliyi-original connotation futhi lasetshenziswa njengelulwimi oluhlukumezayo. Kodwa-ke, uma izazi zezilimi ziqaphela ngaso leso sikhathi, namuhla kungenzeka ukuthi uqale umsuka wayo ngokunembile.