Iyini i-cliche, futhi iyini injongo yayo

Izimpendulo zombuzo mayelana nokuthi yikuphi ukuchofoza, okumbalwa, ngoba igama lilinganiselwe kakhulu. Konke ukuhumusha, noma kunjalo, kuvela kwi-lexeme ebolekiwe kusukela olimini lwesiFulentshi - okuchazayo, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "isiteleka, ikhophi."

Izincazelo ezimbili zegama

Ezincwadini zokubhekisela zolimi, ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yikuphi ukuchofoza, unikezwa ngokuhambisana nezinyathelo ezimbili zokusebenzisa leli gama. Okokuqala, okusheshayo, okushoyo - iphethini yokukhulula kokuqukethwe (izinkuni, ipulasitiki, insimbi, njll), lapho ungenza khona ukuphrinta okucacile. Isithombe esinjalo sidalwe ngokudweba, ukucubungula, i-electroforming nezinye izindlela ezingavamile zokuthola i-convex, indiza yokuphanga noma ukudweba. Kamuva amafomu anjalo aqala ukwenziwa yi-zincography. Ifomu elenziwe ngokukhethekile lapho ungenza khona umqondo - yilokho okushicilelwa khona. I-Clichés esetshenziselwa ukuphrinta imifanekiso, kanye nokushicilela okukhulu kwemishini.

Incazelo yesibili ye-cliché yezwi iyaphathwa. Yile ndlela amagama noma imisho ephelele ebizwa ngayo, ehlukile ku-banal, incazelo eyaziwayo. Yilokho okushiwo yinkulumo yokukhuluma. Izinkulumo ezithandwayo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izitembu zokukhuluma. Futhi lapha, futhi, isetshenziswe ngempela ngokoqobo ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso: isitembu siyithuluzi lefomu elinikeziwe, ngosizo olwenziwa ngalo, ikakhulukazi kumadokhumenti. Kule nkulumo, njengamazwi athi "ifomula elishaywayo", "ithempulethi yokucabanga", ulimi luthumela isici esiyinhloko samagama abonisa izinga elimisiwe, futhi alisebenzise esithombeni sokunikeza umbala ocacile we-lexical.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-clichés zokukhuluma

Ngolwazi oluthe xaxa, cabanga ngalokho okushiwo khona ekukhulumeni. Phakathi kwamasampula omodeli, amamodeli wokusetshenziswa kwenkulumo ahlukaniswa ezimweni ezithile, ezimweni ezithile namaqembu. I-clichés yabo ikhona kokubili ezindaweni ezisemthethweni nezingakahleleki.

Isibonelo, i-clichés ye-ideological ibizwa ngokuthi amafomula olimi lwethempulethi asetshenziswa osopolitiki, izintatheli ezichaza ezombusazwe kanye nomsebenzi wombuso. Imishwana enjalo ivame ukutholakala ezinhlelweni zamaqembu namaqembu ezombangazwe. Umsebenzi oyinhloko walezo ziqephu ukunikeza incazelo ecacile nokuhlola ezenzakalweni zezombusazwe kanye nabantu ngabanye. Eduze kubo kukhona ukuchofoza okuhambisana nentshisekelo, okusetshenziselwa ukulawula ulwazi lomphakathi.

Izinguquko zesikhathi - amazwi omlomo ashintsha

Ezikhathini zamuva zaseSoviet kwaziwa kuwo wonke ama-cliche: "Umsebenzi kaLenin uphila futhi uzuze", "umugqa jikelele weqembu" nokunye okunjalo. Ngokuphathelene neMelika neYurophu, amacebo amakhulu afana ne "NATO minions", "ukuxhaswa kwezimali" kanye "nomthelela omubi weNtshonalanga" asetshenzisiwe. Ngesikhathi izwe ezweni lomuntu owayengumholi u-Nikita Khrushchev elahla isithunzi sikaStalinist kahulumeni, ukukhanya okusha kwavela-"inkolo yobuntu", "inhlanzi yaseKrushchev". Kwabe sekukhona i-perestroika, umbuso wawuqondiswe "kuma-Western values" kanye nama-clichés amasha azwakala: "indlu yokukhanya yentando yeningi", "umshini wokushisa ophuzi", "ukuvotela kwe-ruble", njll.

Iyini inkinobho ezincwadini?

Lezi yizihloko ezisekelwe kahle nezisusa, isici kakhulu kunazo zonke izibonelo zesakhiwo sokubhala ngomlomo. Iqhawe, elibhekwa yibo bonke abazungezile njengeziwula ne-slobber, liba ngumnqobi ngenxa yobulumko, isibindi nokubekezela. I-heroine enhle kunazo zonke ngokuqinisekile iyoba ngumkami we-winner. Abacebile bayisiphukuphuku futhi bayisiphukuphuku kuze kube yilapho bengenangqondo. Labo abasezandleni zabo amandla kanye nokulawula bagxile kakhulu bavame futhi babesaba, futhi ekugcineni bayadumala. Lezi yizinhlobonhlobo ezichaziwe zezinhlamvu. Isibonelo, ungakwazi ukucaphuna bese uthi, izizathu, ukuphela kwezinganekwane zabantu: "Ngesinye isikhathi ..."; "Ngangilapho, ubhiya-ujubane waphuza, amadevu ami ageleza, kodwa angangeni emlonyeni wami"; "Futhi baqala ukuphila, baphile futhi benze imali."

Esimweni sokudala, ama-clicks abonakala engalungile futhi ehlekwa usulu. Lokhu akumangalisi: ubuciko busekelwe ekucabangeni okudala nokudala into entsha. Kodwa ngokuvamile ubuciko busebenzisa amafomu engqimba ejwayelekile ukwakha umphumela wokulindela wababukeli noma abafundi. Isibonelo, ukuhamba kwesakhiwo, lapho amaqhawe angenakuzivikela egcinwa ekugcineni, futhi amaqhawe angenayo abulawe, akungabazeki (futhi aqondakalayo kusukela ekubukeni kwezilaleli).

Kuyini ukuchithwa kwiphepha lokuhlola

Imisebenzi ejwayelekile yokusebenza yamafomu amafomu angasebenza ukubhala umbhalo noma ukwakha impendulo ngomlomo ekuhlolweni.

Ake sithi sithole inkinga endaweni ethile yesayensi, isiko noma inhlalakahle futhi sifuna ukuveza ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani. Khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise izinkomba ezinjalo zenkulumo: "Le nkinga ibalulekile (okunamandla, okumangalisayo, okuphawulekayo) emnothweni wamakethe wamanje wamakethe (ngokumelene nesidingo sokulondoloza izindinganiso zendabuko, esimweni sokubusa komthetho, ukunqoba inkinga yokuziphatha, njll).

Ukwenza umqondo oyinhloko, ungasebenzisa ama-cliches afana ngokuthi "Ngiyakholwa ...", "Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi ...", "vumelana ukuthi ...".

Uma sinquma ukucacisa umbono wethu, sisebenzisa ukucaphuna komlobi owakhulume ngalolu daba, singakwazi ukuthola lezi zindlela ezilandelayo: "Umbono wami uhambelana nomqondo wokusho lowo mbono (ososayensi wezombangazwe, u-economist, umculi wezobuciko) ukuthi ..." ; "Ngombono wami, kunembile kakhulu (ikhono, owazi kahle, ozwakalayo) uthe ngale ngumbhalo ngandlela-thile ..."; "Umuntu akanakuphikisana nesitatimende salo mbhali nombhali onjalo ..."; "Umbhali uqinisile ngalokhu, eqinisekisa ukuthi ...".

Ekuphetheni, kufanele sicacise lokho okushiwo. Sizosebenzisa lokho, isibonelo, clichés: "Ukuze uhlanganise, ngizobona ukuthi ..."; "Singafinyelela isiphetho ..."; "Kuzo zonke izinto ezishiwo, kulandela ukuthi ...".

Ngakho, igama elithi "cliché" lisho izincazelo ezimbili. Okuyinhloko ifomu lokunyathelisa kwe-typographical, futhi okuphathekayo kuyindlela yokwenza ulimi olujwayelekile, isigwebo esishaywayo, isakhiwo esicatshangelwe, isisusa, isihloko.