Ulimi lwesiHungary. IsiHungary for Beginners

Ulimi lwesiHungary lungabizwa ngokuthi iphazili, hhayi ngeze, futhi ikhamera kaRubik yasungulwa eHungary. Noma kunjalo, abaningi baseRussia banquma ukuhlupha lesi simiso esiyinkimbinkimbi: abanye bafuna ukuya enyuvesi, abanye bafuna ukuthola ubuzwe, abanye bakholelwa nje ukuthi ulwazi olwengeziwe ngolunye ulimi luyoba usizo kubo. Futhi, izakhamizi zaseRussia zivame ukuza eHungary eholidini, kulokhu, amakhono aseHungary azophinde afike kahle - kuleli lizwe ngisho nesiNgisi asikho wonke umuntu, kodwa kuphela kwentsha, abantu asebekhulile abaxhumana nabo, njengomthetho, kuphela ngolimi lwabo lwabantu basekhaya.

Mayelana nomsuka

Kubalulekile ukuxwayisa ngesikhathi esisodwa: ukutadisha ulimi lwesiHungary akuyona into elula. Ngokusemthethweni, ungowesiqhema seFinnno-Ugric, kodwa empeleni isi-Estonia nesiFinnish asifani kakhulu. Kuze kube sekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, kwabuzwa ukuthi ngabe ulimi lwesiHungary lwaluyiqembu yini. Usondelene nolimi lukaMansi noKhanty: AbaHungary baletha inkulumo yabo eSiberia baya eMpumalanga Yurophu, bephumelele, naphezu kwethonya lamaSlavic kanye nesiTurkey, ukugcina okuningi izici zayo eziyinhloko.

Izici

IsiHungary seziqalo zePolanders zingase zibukeke zinzima kakhulu - ziveza izinto eziningi ezimangazayo. I-phonetics eyingqayizivele, izinhlamvu ezingamashumi amane ezinhlameni zezinhlamvu, eziningi zomsindo we-vowel eziyishumi nanhlanu, ngasinye esichazwa yincwadi eyodwa: a [ɒ], á [a:], e [e], e [e:], i [i], i [i] :], O [o], [o:], ö [ø], ø [u:], ü [y] kanye ű [y:]. Incwadi yokuqala ye-alfabhethi-a-kufanele ibizwe njengento phakathi kwe-Russian "o" nelithi "a": ingxenye engezansi yomhlathi iyancipha, izindebe zizungezile, iphuzu lolimi ludedelwa. Yebo, ngingathini, noma ngabe indlela yokulinganisa yokwenza amagama igcwalise amacala angamashumi amabili nantathu, uma kukhona eziyisithupha kuphela ngolimi lwesiRussia.

I-Phonetics

Yiqiniso, ukubunzima nokuyinkimbinkimbi kwezikhalazi ezincishisiwe "ü", "ű", "ö", "¡" kukhona lapha okuyinkimbinkimbi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi ziyizinhlamvu ezihluke ngokuphelele, futhi iphutha nge-longitude, njengokuthi kunoma yiluphi ulimi, lingaphambukisa incazelo yegama. Kunzima kakhulu kubantu bezinye izizwe ukuba baqonde abantu baseHungary kuqala, futhi lokhu kubonakala ngabaseHungary ngokwabo, ngoba ngokuvamile umbala ozwakalayo uzwakala njengegama elilodwa elimnyama, nakuba empeleni liwumusho ophelele. Kodwa ulimi lwesiHungary alukho ulimi lwe-diphthongs.

Igrama

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunzima kangakanani uhlelo lwesigama, alukho izakhi ezifakwe kwezinye izilimi, isibonelo, asikho isigaba sohlobo lwesigama, izikhathi ezimbili kuphela: okwamanje kanye nesikhathi esedlule, nangesikhathi esizayo sisebenza isenzo sesikhathi samanje sohlobo oluphelele noma ukwakhiwa ngokubamba iqhaza lensiza engasiza . Konke lokhu kusiza kakhulu izifundo zesiHungary kubafundi bangaphandle.

I-Artikli kanye nokuxilongwa

Indima enkulu kulolu lidlalwa yizihloko: okungaqondakali futhi okucacile, futhi ngisho nesigaba sokungaqiniseki nokuqiniseka ngokugcwele. Kuyinto engaxhunyiwe kuhlanganiswe nokuhlanganiswa kwezenzi, ezixhomeke ngokuphelele kunento - igama. Uma le nto ikhonjisiwe okokuqala, ukuhlanganiswa okungafani nhlobo kwesenzo nento engapheli kuyasetshenziswa. Isibonelo: "Ubaba wathenga ibhola (abanye)". Emgqumeni ofanayo, "Ubaba wathenga ibhola elikhulu (elifanayo)", into ehlanganisiwe yesenzo nento ecacile izobe isetshenziswe kakade.

Uma kungekho into, kokubili ukuxubungula kungasetshenziswa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi kukhona ukufaka ngokuqondile esenzweni. Ngakho-ke, ayinayo amagama athi "hlala", "hamba", "ume", "hamba", ngakho-ke lapha kungaba kuphela ukuhlanganiswa okungenalutho.

Ukuphela kwamacala

Konke lokho ngolimi lwesiRussia kungokwesigaba seziphakamiso, ngesiHungary kumelela ukuphela kwamacala okungeziwe egameni. Kodwa-ke, abalobi bezincwadi zokufunda abakwazi ukuvumelana ngokuthi zingaki zazo ezikhona: kwezinye izincwadi zokufunda kubonakala ukuthi zingamashumi amabili nantathu, kwabanye kukhona enye isibalo-nesishiyagalolunye. Futhi iqiniso liwukuthi ukuphela okusetshenziselwa ukuchaza izimo zesikhathi nendawo ngesiHungary kubhekwe njengesizathu esilandelayo. Futhi kukhona amacala angavamile, isibonelo, ukusatshalaliswa okusetshenziselwa ukuveza ukuphindaphinda kwesenzo ngesikhathi: "zonke izinsuku", "njalo ngonyaka."

Ukufunda amagama

Ulimi lwesiHungary lucebile ngamazwi amade. Isibonelo, i-megszentségteleníthetetlen (izinhlamvu ezingu-25) ihumusha ngokuthi: "into engenakonakaliswa". Ukuze uwafunde kahle, kufanele uwahlukanise ngezimpande noma ama-syllables. Kulokhu, kulezi zinhlaka zezilimi ezinjalo, ukucindezeleka kwesibili (kokubili) kuwela ezihlanganisweni ezingavamile. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ukucindezeleka kwesihlanu kwesilulumagama kuzoba namandla kuneyesithathu.

Ungafunda kanjani isiHungary?

Ukuqonda noma yiluphi ulimi kuwumsebenzi onzima. Okokuqala, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi lo msebenzi owenza ubuhlungu, futhi lokhu kufanele kuphathwe ngale ndlela. Manje kunezifundo eziningi zelwimi, ezithembisa ukuthi uzothola ulimi olusha ezinkathini ezimbalwa zamakilasi, noma kunjalo, njengoba uyaziqonda, ukukhangisa kuphela futhi akukho lutho. Ungayigodli izindlela "zomkhulu" zokufunda ulimi: thola isilulumagama, ufunde ngokuhlelekile uhlelo lolimi, ufunde ukwakha okuyisisekelo, ulalele izingoma zesiHungary, ubukele amafilimu ngemibhalo engezansi - lokhu kuyisisekelo okudingeka uqale ngaso.

Izifundiswa zokusiza

Izinsiza ezihlukahlukene zokufundisa kanye namathuluzi okuzisiza zingasiza ekufundeni ulimi. Ngakho-ke, ukubuyekezwa okuhle kunencwadi yokufunda ka-K. Wavra - ikhulile ngokwanele futhi, eqinisweni, ayikho ephelele, kodwa yakhiwa ngokweqiniso. Kuyoba kuhle uma uthola inkambo yelimi yale ncwadi. Khona-ke uzoba nesethi ephelele yamathuluzi wokufunda ulimi lwesiHungary. Ngokungangabazeki, ngeke kube lula ukwenza ngaphandle komfundisi kuphela ekufundiseni izinsiza. Ikakhulukazi iphathelene nolimi. Mhlawumbe, kungadingeka ukuthi ucabange ngento ethile noma ufune ulwazi kwezinye izincwadi, kodwa ukholwe kimi, "umsebenzi wokucwaninga" onjalo uyokuzuzisa kuphela. Omunye umsizi omuhle ekutadisheni ulimi yiluhlelo lokuqeqesha uRubin Aaron.

Amazwi wokufunda

Abantu abaningi abaye bafunda ukufunda isiHungary, masinyane bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi lokhu kuwumsebenzi ongenamsebenzi. Akunjalo ukuthi abakwazi ukukhumbula amagama, kodwa ngisho nje ukuwabiza kuthiwa abe ngaphezu kwamandla abo. Kodwa into esemqoka kuleli bhizinisi yisifiso nokubekezela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzofunda ukukhuluma hhayi ngamazwi ahlukene kuphela, kodwa nemisho. Indlela elandelayo inikeza umphumela wangempela ngempela. Funda iqembu lamazwi kumrekhodi wezwi weselula yakho, bese ulalela irekhodi elitholiwe okungenani izikhathi eziyishumi kumakhanda ekhanda. Ungenza futhi ngomsindo oqoshwe izikhulumi zendabuko. Umgomo wakho ukufeza ukuqonda kwencazelo yombhalo okhulunywe ngaphandle kokuhumusha kwengqondo ngesiRashiya. Ungangabazi, lolu hlelo lusebenza ngempela! Into eyinhloko ukukholelwa kuye futhi usebenze ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuphumula kulebhizinisi kuyingozi nje - kungcono ukuzinikela nsuku zonke ukuya emakilasini engxenye yehora kunokungafundeki isonto, bese uzama ukuqonda yonke into kanye kanye kanye.

Lezi zimiso eziyisisekelo, eziyiqiniso, azikhathaleli nje kuphela isifundo sesiHungary, kodwa nanoma yiluphi olunye ulimi. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi indlela yokufunda kufanele ihlelwe ngendlela efanele. I-Phonetics, i-vocabulary, uhlelo lolimi nokunye kufanele kube kancane kancane. Abanye banqunyelwe ukugoqa amagama ngabanye. Lokhu akulungile. Ukwazi lokho kuphela, isibonelo, igama elithi "hello" ngesiHungary umsindo njengokuthi "jó nap", futhi "ngiyabonga" - "kösz" njalo njalo, akunakwenzeka ukukunika ithuba lokuxhumana ngokugcwele nezikhulumi zomdabu futhi uziqonde. Inhlanhla!