Ayini amalungu ombili wesiphakamiso? Incazelo, ukuhlanganisa, isimo

Ekuqaleni kwakukhona igama ... Sikhuluma futhi senza kahle inkulumo yethu ekukhulumisaneni, sisebenzisa izingxenye ezithile zolimi. Zizobe sezihloselwe lesi sihloko. Ukuze ufunde (noma ukhumbule), yiziphi amalungu okuqala omusho nokuthi bangabonakalisa kanjani ematheksthini / inkulumo, siphendukela emibhalweni eyisisekelo.

Iyini isiphakamiso?

Okokuqala, leli gama akulona igama elilodwa kuphela, kodwa i- unit main language unit unit. Ubiza izinto. Iqoqo lamazwi, elihlangene ndawonye ngencazelo, uhlelo lolimi nolwazi, lufakwe emshweni. Iyoba yilawa yelwimi elilandelayo. Iqukethe isethi yolwazi olufanele lolimi lolimi, empeleni - amalunga omusho.

Ayini amalungu esiphakamiso?

Kusukela ekubukeni kolwimi, lezi zingxenye ezibalulekile (amagama noma inhlanganisela yazo) ngaphakathi kwegama elilodwa eliphelile. Bafeza indima yabo futhi banencazelo ethile. Zihlukaniswe zibe eziyinhloko nezesibili. Ukudalula impendulo yombuzo othi "yiziphi amalungu ezibili okuphakanyiswayo?", Sizokukhuluma ngokuyinhloko ukuze senze umqondo jikelele.

Isihloko esiyinhloko yisifundo kanye nesimiso. Umsebenzi wabo ngokushesha ukudala uhlaka, isisekelo sesiphakamiso. Lezi zici zizimele kwamanye amagama. Kodwa izinhlobo zamanye amayunithi angama-lingu angancika ngokuqondile kulesi sihloko kanye nesandulela.

Ayini amalungu ombili wesiphakamiso?

Lezi yizona zonke izingxenye zezilimi, ngaphandle kwesihloko kanye nesandulela. Nakhu kuyadingeka ukuthi uqonde: Amalungu wesibili angencike ekubambeni kuphela, kodwa futhi nomunye nomunye. Lokhu kunzima kangakanani ulimi lwethu lwesiRussia!

Amalungu amancane esiphakamiso angachaza, ahlanganise futhi achaze amagama anencazelo. Ake sijwayelane neyunithi ngayinye yezilimi ngokuningiliziwe. Cabangisisa ngezibonelo ezithile futhi uqonde ukuthi amalungu amancane wesiphakamiso ayini: incazelo, ukuhlanganisa, isimo.

Incazelo

Leli lungu elincane lomusho likhuluma ngokwalo. Ihlukanisa ikhwalithi yento, isici sayo esihlukanisayo noma isici esihlukanisayo. Incazelo iyabuzwa imibuzo efana nokuthi "yenzani?", "Kuyini?", "Kuyini?" Noma "ngubani?", "Ngubani?", "Ngubani?", "Ngubani?": "Ingubo egqoka" "Izindlebe zesi Hare" (izindlebe zaso?). Izincazelo zihambisana futhi zingavumelani:

• Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zinesivumelwane negama eliyinhloko esimweni nasenombolweni (uma inombolo ihlukile, bese isesenhla). Ngaphezu kwalokho, incazelo evunyelweneyo ingabonakaliswa ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi ibe phambi kwegama eliqunyiwe. Isibonelo, "u-fluffy (adj.) U-Willow", "uthisha wakho (wendawo)", "wokuqala (usuku)", "wehlile (prich.) Leaf".
• Uhlobo lwesibili lwencazelo lungavumelani nokho, kodwa kukhona ukuxhumana neyunithi ehlukene ekhuluma ngezilimi kuphela ngokusebenzisa indlela eseduze noma yokulawula: "ubuso obunzima", "umuntu onengubo", "izingane ezinama-apula". Incazelo engahambisani nayo ichazwa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: "isimo sezulu eMoscow" (igama elinamagama aqoshiwe), "ukundiza kwephevemvane" (igama elingenayo isandulela), "isifiso sokwazi" (i-inf.), "I-cube enkulu" (isb. .), "Hamba ngezinyawo" (isichazamazwi), "Umfowabo" (izindawo ezikhangayo), "hhayi inhlanzi noma inyama" (inhlanganisela yonke).
• Olunye uhlobo lwencazelo yisicelo. Njengomthetho, kuboniswa ngesibizo. Isicelo sinikeza incazelo echazayo endabeni noma kumuntu, ivula ingoma entsha. Kufana ngendlela efanayo negama elibhekisela kuyo. Isibonelo, "Mnkosikazi (im.p.), owesifazane onokungenisa izihambi (im.p.), bavumele bangene endlini."

Ukwengeza

Leli gama elincane lomusho lisho into, uhlobo lwegama elichazayo. Yonke imibuzo yezimo ezingaqondile izosebenza lapha. Ukwengeza kungabonakaliswa ezingxenyeni ezilandelayo zenkulumo:

• Isibizo esimweni se- oblique esingenayo noma ngaphandle kwesimiso sokuthi: "Uyabukela (yini?) Ifilimu namaphupho (mayelana nalokho?) Mayelana nokuzijabulisa".
• Noma iyiphi ingxenye yenkulumo eyenza umsebenzi wegama elibizo: "Babelalelisisa (obani?) Isikhulumi."
• Ifomu elingavumelekile lesenzo: "Sambuzile (mayelana nalokho?) Ukujoyina".
• Inhlanganisela esheshayo: "Uyakubuza (mayelana namuphi?) Ungabali izinyembezi ezinhlangothini futhi ulalelisise."
• Inombolo: "Hlukanisa (ini?) Kuyishumi nesishiyagalolunye kuya (yini?) Three."

Ukwengezwa kungaba okuqondile noma okungaqondile:

• Ukuqondisa kuyinkinga ekufakeni icala ngaphandle kwesimiso ngemuva kwesenzo esiphezulu noma esimweni sokuhlukumezeka ngesenzo esibi (ngokuvamile singashadile) "uthenge (kuthi?) Incwadi", "uthando (ubani?) Abazali", "ningakhathaleli ?) Esikhathini. "
• Izengezo ezingekho ngqo kuzo zonke ezinye izimo (kungenzeka kube neziningana): "Thina (obani?) Uyoza kuwe".

Izimo

Leli gama lesibili lenza umsebenzi wokuchaza amagama nokuchaza izimo lapho isenzo ngokwawo senziwa khona. Kungaboniswa ngu:

• I-Adverb: "Sahamba ngokuthula futhi silinganisa."
• I-Noun e-oblique icala ngecala: "Bahlala ngezimpelasonto kuze kuhlwe."
• I-gerund: "Ukumomotheka, wathela itiye ekomelweni."
• Ifomu elingacacisiwe lesenzo: "Ngimemezele ukuthola ukuthi izinto ziphi."

Izinhlobo zalesi sigaba samalungu omusho zikhulu kakhulu kunezo zencazelo nokungezelela. Izimo zesikhathi, imodi yesenzo, indawo, inhloso, imbangela, isabelo, isimo, isilinganiso nesilinganiso zikhethiwe.

Sikhulume ngokuzenzekelayo mayelana nendaba, isichazamazwi futhi sihlolisise ngokuningiliziwe incazelo, ukuhlanganisa, isimo, ukuze siphendule umbuzo othi "yiziphi amalungu esiphakamiso esiphakamiso?". Kulesi sihloko kuya ekuphethweni kwalo okunengqondo, kodwa isihloko ngokwayo asipheli, ngoba i-unit unit ngayinye ingasatshalaliswa futhi ihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe. Sithemba ukuthi le ndaba yayiwusizo.