U-Anomaly wokuthuthukiswa kwamalungu: kufanele ukwenze uma ingane ineminwe eyisithupha noma izingalo

Wake wake wezwa ngabantu abane "iminwe eyengeziwe"? Mhlawumbe bawabona? Amanothi kubantwana nakubantu abadala, abaneminwe eyisithupha ezandleni zabo noma ezinyaweni bavele njalo. I-Inthanethi igcwele izithombe zabantu abanemilenze engavamile, futhi i-townfolk ijwayele ukufaka lesi sici kwisigaba sobubi noma izifo. Ngakho-ke noma lesi siphambeko sokuzalwa esesabekayo, kungenzeka sikwazi ukuqonda, kuphela lapho sifunde izizathu zokubukeka kweminwe eyengeziwe.

I-Polydactyly - leli yigama le-anomaly yokuzalwa engokwemvelo ebonakala njengeminwe eyengeziwe emanzini ezinyawo noma ezandleni. Izibalo zithi kuzo zonke izinsana eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu, omunye usuke ephukile eminwe yeminwe futhi hhayi njalo le nsalela ibonakala ngokulinganayo.

Izinhlobo ze-polydactyly

Izinguquko zama congenital kule-anomaly yentuthuko zingabonakalisa ngokwazo ezinhlobonhlobo eziningana:

1. Uma i-bifurcation ye-embryonic phalange izakhiwo zenzeke ezinyathelweni zokuqala zentuthuko, kwakhiwa umunwe ogcwele futhi osebenzayo ngokugcwele.
2. Ukubukeka kwezinqubo ezingaphumelelanga ezivela emaphethelweni angaphandle noma angaphakathi entendeni yesandla nangonyawo.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-nail phalanx noma ukubukeka kwezinqubo eminwe nakho kubizwa ngokuthi yi-phenomenon of polydactyly.

Isimo lapho umuntu esebenze ngokugcwele iminwe eyisithupha esandleni sakhe (isithombe ngezansi) yi-rarity. E-India, izingane ezinjalo zizalwa kaningi kunezinye izindawo, ngakho-ke lesi sici sinento ehlukile kumbuzo wamaphoyisa. Njengomthetho, akunakwenzeka ukusebenza futhi ngisho nokulawula i-phalanxes engaphansi, futhi abantu abanaminwe ayisithupha ezandleni zabo baqondiswa ukusebenza.

Izimbangela zesithembu

Ukuvezwa kwe-tatogenic yamakhemikhali emntwaneni (ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezithile ngumfazi okhulelwe) kungabangela ukwephulwa komyalelo wehlukaniswa kweseli kanye nokwakhiwa kwezicubu nezitho. Endabeni yokuzalwa yocansi, isenzo sezinyosi senziwa ngama-finger phalanges.

Ngokwezintatheli, isifo sokuzalwa, yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokubonakala kweminwe eyengeziwe. Ngokuvamile emndenini, ungakwazi ukulandelela ifa lelesi siphambeko nokubonakala kwalo ngesizukulwane noma ochungechungeni lwezizukulwane eziningana ngokulandelana. Izakhi zofuzo ezibangelwa i-polydactyly zibusa kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ziyazibonakalisa uma zikhona ku-genotype. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi, ngenxa yokungena okungaphelele, isici sisalokhu sifihlekile.

I-polydactyly ehlukanisiwe ayithwali okwezinye izingozi emzimbeni, kodwa isithembu ngokuvamile ibonakala kuzinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zofuzo noma i-chromosomal. Ososayensi bayazi ukuthi kunezifo ezingu-120, izibonakaliso zazo iminwe eyisithupha noma ngaphezulu (ama-syndromes kaPatau, Lawrence, Meckel).

Ukuxilongwa kwezintwana ezisanda kuzalwa

Ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha, umntwana uhlolwe udokotela wezingane noma i-neonatologist. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane eneminwe eyisithupha ekhanda noma emlenzeni izalwa, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokushesha.

Ukunquma izindlela zokwelapha, udokotela udinga ukusetha:

1. Isikhundla somunwe owengeziwe wesandla, okungaba yi-preaxial (phakathi komunwe nomunwe omncane) noma i-postxial - ngemuva komunwe omncane.
2. Imvelo yesifo. Njengoba i-polydactyly ifa ngokweqile, umunwe owengeziwe usuka emthini wesihlanu we- metacarpal futhi uthuthukiswa kahle. Uma kuyisici esingazalwa, umunwe uzobe ungahlakuleleki, ngesimo se-phalanges eyodwa / eziningana ngaphakathi kwesikhumba.
3. Ukuba khona kwezinguquko ezengeziwe kumathambo we-pastern noma i-metatarsus, engabonakalisa njengamathambo engeziwe, ukuguqulwa kwamajoyina, imigqa kanye namathenda.
4. Ingabe i-polydactyly i-anomaly emele noma iboniswe ku-syndrome. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezinye izimpawu zihlolwa futhi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kunikezwa.

Emva kwalokho, indlela yokwelashwa ikhethiwe. Iqukethe ukususwa kokusebenza kweminwe engenangqondo, ukuze ingane eneminwe eyisithupha ezandleni zayo noma Unyawo olungaguquki, lungase lukhule ngokujwayelekile, ngaphandle kokuzwa ukukhubazeka ngokwengqondo nangokwenyama. Udokotela unquma ukuthi kungakanani iminyaka engcono ukufeza ukususwa, nokuthi ngabe ukuhlinzeka ngeplastiki kuyadingeka ukuze kubuyiselwe ukubukeka komzimba wesitho.

Ilungiselela ukusebenza

Izici ze-genesis ye-polydaclyly ithinta inani lokungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, ukubhoboza isikhumba, okuyinto egcwele igazi nge-capillaries, kulula ukususa. Futhi uma iminwe eyisithupha ezandleni ihambisane nezinguquko ezifanele ku-pastern, akudingeki ukuhlinzwa okukodwa. Futhi uma kwenzeka ukusebenza okugcwele "iminwe" eyengeziwe, kungase kunqunywe ukushiya njengoba kunjalo.

Ukukhetha indlela yokwelashwa kwe-polydactyly, odokotela benza izifundo eziningana:

• Imidwebo yomsindo;
• Ukuphenya ngokunikezwa kwegazi kweminwe eyengeziwe.

Kunezikhathi lapho isitsha esikhulu sondla iminwe emibili ehlukene. Khona-ke ukususwa ngaphandle kokucabangela lesi sici kungaholela ekuphuleni okwedlule kwegazi.

Lapho zonke izifundo seziqediwe, kwenziwa umsebenzi. Ngezinye izikhathi kulandelwa ukwelashwa okwelashwa, kodwa amacala anjalo angashadile. Ngokuvamile, udokotela oya khona uyaqhubeka ekwelapheni kwe-polydactyly esemncane, iningi lezenzo zenziwa ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila kwengane.

Ukwehlisa isikhathi kuyinkimbinkimbi nje, ngoba amathambo nezicubu ezizungezile ezinganeni zikhula ngokushesha, zithola umthwalo othile. Ngaphambilini ipulasitiki yenziwe, okumele kuhlangatshezwe ukukhubazeka okuncane kwamabili.

Futhi kuthiwani uma ushiya ...

Kudingeka iminwe eyengeziwe ezinyaweni ukuba isuswe. Umthwalo omkhulu ezinyaweni lapho uhamba ngokuhambisana ne-polydaclyly uholela ekuthuthukeni komzimba, ubuhlungu nezinkinga ngokukhethwa kwezicathulo.

Ezandleni, ikakhulukazi uma yonke iminwe ithuthukile kahle futhi ama-brushes ayalinganisani, lesi sici ngeke silimale kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuthi uhlele ama-glavu avela kulesi sitshalo bese ubamba ubukeka obuhle.