Svetlana Savitskaya: Biography, izithombe

Ubethula kabili waqaphela njengoba a Hero kweSoviet Union, yena yanikezelwa isihloko Master ahlonishwe of Ezemidlalo, futhi akukaze bancishwa ukunakwa - ukubukeka ezindaweni zomphakathi kuye kwaba injabulo ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengokungathi wayengenazo ezinye Luhambo ekhethekile. Futhi ngokwayo njalo zikhanga esibhakabhakeni - umgodi ongenamkhawulo enhle, lwendabuko futhi. Eyokuqala emlandweni ka ukuhlola umkhathi ngemva Tereshkova astronaut zesifazane, uzophuma ku evulekile, eme phambi kwethu Svetlana Savitskaya. Cosmonaut uhambo emkhathini ngesikhathi indiza yakhe wesibili ilandelana.

Esakhula

Svetlana Wazalwa ngo-August 8, 1948 enhloko-dolobha, emndenini umkhuzi wezempi, Air Marshal - Evgeniya Yakovlevicha Savitskogo. Umndeni yayibuswa isiyalo nokuhleleka. Umama Svetlana uLidia e neminyaka yempi njengoba ayekhonze nomyeni wakhe. Futhi izimo ezinjalo abanye predetermined izinto zokuzilibazisa ikusasa indodakazi yabo.

Savitskaya Svetlana Evgenevna wasithola isitifiketi ngo-1966. Ngemva kwalokho, wayeselahlekelwe libhaliswe eMoscow Aviation Institute. bavikela ngempumelelo idiploma yakhe (1972), wathola okukhethekile indiza unjiniyela. Izifundo at sikhungo ukuthi kuhlangene Kaluga Aviation Flight Technical College, lapho kamuva wathola afanelekayo umshayeli-instructor.

Namanje lokuba umfundi esikoleni esiphakeme, waqala abaqhuba ezemidlalo Acrobatic wangena nakancane isikwati samanje. Svetlana Savitskaya ngokushesha esenesikhathi futhi kakade 1970 eNgilandi, wathola indawo yokuqala ubuqhawe izwe e aerobatics ku piston izindiza. naye wakwazi ukwenza ezintathu irekhodi parachute gxuma kusukela Stratosphere futhi wenze nesishiyagalombili izindiza esindizayo indiza jet. Futhi ngo-1970 yayisivele ezimiselwe isihloko inkosi ezemidlalo be-USSR.

umsebenzi umshayeli

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu Svetlana Savitskaya wasebenza isikhathi esithile njengoba umshayeli ofundisa ukuthola i eyengeziwe ziqu test umshayeli. Ngo-1976, lapho aqala khona ukusebenza e-Scientific and Production Association "Vuka". Kamuva ngabo, kakade kokuba eziningi isipiliyoni - njengoba umshayeli ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi isitshalo for mechanical engineering "Speed" eMoscow. Ngo-August 1980, Svetlana ukuthi ezithunyelwe we zezinkanyezi, futhi kamuva wamiswa Cosmonaut-umcwaningi othile wase-"Speed".

"Isikhala Road"

SeTjhumi Julayi 1984 kusukela Baikonur esiteshini landizela "Soyuz T-12", lapho izisebenzi Babegogodile zezinkanyezi kanye bobathathu - Svetlana Savitskaya. Isithombe sithathwe ngaphambi nje kokuba uthathe-off, namanje agcinwe archive Baikonur cosmodrome. Ngo-orbit, labonakala okokuqala ukubonwa njengeqembu elikhulu isivivinyo amaphayona abakufanelekelayo kakhulu, injongo okwakukhona ukufeza ucwaningo oludingekayo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi.

"Isikhala squad", ezazihlanganisa Savitskaya, kwaba ukubamba uchungechunge imisebenzi ukuze kuqashwe impilo yomuntu, inhlalakahle kanye isimo wonke umzimba imvelo isikhala, ukuze uthole ulwazi olunembile kabanzi mayelana lithathelwe lomuntu ukuze weightlessness. Uma indiza, abacwaningi kwenziwe ucwaningo olufanele, okwasiza ukuhlonza izinhlobo ezahlukene ngeziphambeko ukuzwa, umbono, esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ukuze kutholakale umsuka wendaba yesihluku ukukhuthazela wobuntu imvelo Isikhala ezifweni zawo ubuthakathaka ngokweqile, ubuthaka imvelo bokusebenzisa emkhathini. Savitskaya Svetlana Evgenevna futhi ukuqapha ngokunzulu komthelela kwezendalo evulekile ku izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba izakhiwo zobunjiniyela.

Nokho, umsebenzi oyinhloko iqembu, waphuma e-evulekile. Futhi Julayi 25, 1984, kanye uVladimir Dzhanibekov Stavitskaya ushiye "Salyut-7" esiteshini futhi bafeza spacewalk. Futhi ukuhlola esiyingqayizivele, eyayihlanganisa ekusebenziseni Shirokouniversalny amathuluzi isandla yakhelwe ukusebenza emkhathini kwenziwa. Le divayisi iye unikezwe i ugesi electronic, amapuleti ezine, panel control, ehlanganisa ukushintshwa izindlela kungenzeka wokusebenza. Ekugcineni, mkhathi indiza unjiniyela "Soyuz T-12", ukuthengiselana elandelayo Kwakuseshwa - ahlabayo, nokunamathisela ngomthofu, Welding futhi sishaye.

Buyela Emhlabeni

Hlala indiza "amaqembu cosmic" waqhubeka izinsuku ezingamashumi nambili. Julayi 29, 1984, babuyela ngokuphepha Earth. ochwepheshe ehola izisebenzi sinqume ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo evamile emzileni, ukuze ulungiselele spacewalk esilandelayo. Svetlana Savitskaya, Okwamanje, wabonisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinhlelo zokuxhasa emkhathini njengoba imisebenzi "eliwumhlaba", okuyinto Kwakuseshwa evamile e evamile ifektri phansi. Kwakudingekile kuphela ukukhombisa amakhono efanele futhi elungele noma iluphi isimo.

imisebenzi Political Savitskaya

Ngo ezombusazwe Savitskaya waba ovelele ku 1980 futhi-ke, ngo-1989, waba yiphini USSR, kanye ilungu the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Kwaba ingxenye yamaKhomanisi. Ngo-1993, wafaka phambili umuntu ukhetho State Duma we 1st nomhlangano, kodwa wehluleka. Ekupheleni kuka-December 1995, Svetlana Savitskaya wakhethwa ukuba nomhlangano lwesithathu futhi futhi bajoyine iqembu LamaKhomanisi. Ngo-2003, 2007 no-2011, yena waba ayakhethwa wamanje State Duma iphini kusukela leQembu LamaKhomanisi. Kwanje usihlalo nesekela weSigungu ePhalamende ekuphepheni, ukuzivikela kanye kulwa nebugebengu.

Ekuphetheni

Eyesibili astronaut zesifazane uValentina Tereshkova baba ngemva Svetlana Savitskaya. Umlando wakhe ugcwele ngezenzakalo ezibalulekile. Waqeda i-career kwi-1993 (olingana Major) ngokuqondene umhlalaphansi esasiwafanele. Svetlana E. athola udumo eziningi futhi nemiklomelo emahlombe wakhe - spacewalk, inani elikhulu kokuma futhi ucwaningo, imisebenzi zokufundisa.