Izinyoka: lwamathambo we silwane enamazwibela nezithombe

Izinyoka - izilwane nge umzimba eside, emincane futhi sikulungele ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. Abanaso imilente, tinyawo, izingalo, amaphiko noma izigwedlo. Kukhona kuphela inhloko, esifubeni kanye nomsila. Kodwa ingabe kukhona uhlaka lwamathambo inyoka? Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani isakhiwo komzimba lezi zilwane.

ikakhulukazi izinyoka

Izinyoka basonta ekilasini ezihuquzelayo, zibe maholoholo squad. Bahlale kuwo wonke umhlaba ngaphandle Antarctica, New Zealand, e-Ireland, kanti ezinye eziqhingini zasePacific. Abenzi lutho futhi ezitholakala kuyi-Arctic Circle, futhi uthanda ezishisayo efudumele. Abahlala lezi zilwane emanzini, ehlane, izintaba ezimangelengele nasemahlathini aminyene.

NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda inyoka welulela futhi kuye ngohlobo anobude kusukela ngamasentimitha ambalwa kuze kube 7-8 amamitha. Isikhumba sabo embozwe izikali, ukuma kanye ilungiselelo okuyinto kuyehluka futhi uhlamvu oluthile.

Abanaso nezinkophe ezithathekayo, indlebe yangaphandle futhi phakathi. Zizwa ezimbi, kodwa kahle ukuhlukanisa vibration. umzimba wabo kakhulu sensitive nokudludliza, futhi njengoba ngokuvamile ungaphakathi ukuxhumana ngqo emhlabathini, izilwane azibonayo ngisho ezincane Shake-up ungqimba lomhlaba.

Vision is kahle akubona bonke izinyoka. Kuyadingeka bona ngokuyinhloko ukuze kuhlukaniswe ezinyakazayo. Okubi nakakhulu ukubona abamele zinhlobo ophilayo ngomshoshaphansi. Bona izinyoka inyamazane ukusiza receptor ekhethekile nokushisa umbono. Basuke ise phambi kwabo phambi kwamehlo (kusuka nenhlwatsi, yezinyoka) noma ngaphansi kwamakhala.

Ingabe unayo skeleton inyoka?

Lezi zinyoka kukhona eziyingozi. Ukudla kwabo wehlukile kakhulu: sidla amagundane amancane, izinyoni, amaqanda, izinambuzane, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, inhlanzi, ezinamagobolondo. izinyoka ezinkulu bengase bakulume noma ingwe noma yasendle. bona inyamazane bavame ukuba igwinye lonke, ukudonsa it like a Stocking. Kungase kubonakale sengathi banayo nhlobo amathambo, futhi umzimba yakhiwa ezinye izicubu.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lolu hlaka lwamathambo inyoka, ngokwanele ukuba ngilidlulisele ngezigaba zabo. Ngo biology, sekamisiwe kahle ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, okungenani ingxenye skeleton bethule. Bekanye izibankwa, iguanas, izimfudu, izingwenya iphathelene ezihuquzelayo (ezihuquzelayo) bangazihluphi eliphakathi nendawo phakathi kwezilwane eziphila ezweni nezilwane izinyoni.

Snake skeleton isakhiwo has ezinye izici ezifanayo, kodwa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene ezivela kwamanye amalungu alandelayo esigaba. Ngokungafani nezilwane eziphila ezweni, ezihuquzelayo ezinhlanu nomgogodla (wesibeletho, truncal, lumbar, sacral futhi caudal).

emgogodleni wesibeletho siqukethe amathambo 7-10 removably ixhunyiwe, okwenza kube lula nje kuphela ukukhulisa futhi aphansi, kodwa futhi ukuthi ujikise ikhanda lakhe. Ngo isiqu ngokuvamile 16-25 amathambo, ngamunye wabo unamathele yebhangqa izimbambo. Caudal amathambo (40) ziyancipha ngobukhulu kuze kufike esihlokweni selinye umsila.

Skull ezihuquzelayo esintamo ngaphezulu futhi kube lukhuni kunalabo izilwane zasemhlabeni. neminyango yayo Axial futhi visceral e abadala tho. Iningi abameleli ube sternum, ukhalo futhi imilenze emibili ibhande.

Uhlaka lwamathambo inyoka enamazwibela

Isici esiyinhloko inyoka ukungabi phambi nemilenze yangemuva. Athuthela ngihambahambe ngamadolo phansi, ngokuthembela ngokuphelele wonke umzimba. iziqalo yezingalo nemilenze ngesimo amahlumela amancane zikhona isakhiwo khona ezinye izilwane, ezifana nenhlwatsi futhi boas.

Ezinye izinyoka skeleton siqukethe ugebhezi, isiqu, umsila kanye amaphiko. umnyango esifubeni eside kakhulu futhi uqukethe "imininingwane" abaningi kunamanye ezihuquzelayo. Ngakho, zingabantu phakathi 140 450 amathambo. Ziyakwazi nemisipha oxhumene bese bakha isakhiwo nezimo kakhulu okuyinto kusiza impahla ukuthi zintengezele kuzo zonke izindawo.

Uhlaka lwamathambo inyoka nhlobo sternum lingekho. Kusukela vertebra ngamunye nhlangothi zombili izimbambo ukunweba, ezingalotshwanga oxhumene. Lokhu kuvumela izikhathi eziningana ukuze wandise ivolumu yomzimba lapho udle ukudla ezinkulu.

Amathambo kanye izimbambo axhunyiwe ngu imisipha nokunwebeka ngosizo lapho inyoka angamvusa ngisho umzimba uqonde. Engxenyeni engezansi uMnyango ubambo isiqu kancane kancane mfushane, futhi esigabeni umsila bengekho ngokuphelele.

skull

Zonke izinyoka amathambo Nogebhezi lwawo axhunyiwe kalula. Sochlenovaya, naduglovaya emincane ithambo mandibular tho komunye nomunye, uxhumeke kwi-ezithathekayo isixubho ithambo ngokuhlanganyela. Umhlathi ongezansi eqondiswa phezulu kweqembu uyakwazi kakhulu isingamakhilomitha ukungenisa izilwane ezinkulu.

Ngenhloso efanayo umhlathi ongezansi yakhiwe amathambo amabili ezixhunywe nezinye umsipha ngamunye kuphela, kodwa hhayi ethanjeni. Ngo inqubo ukukhiqizwa yokudla, uhamba inyoka yanjalo kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele izinhlangothi, ukusunduza ukudla ngaphakathi.

Skull inyoka has a isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. Uma ukubukeka yomgogodla kanye nezimbambo evamile wonke suborder, ugebhezi lembula izici of uhlobo oluthile. Ngokwesibonelo, amathambo endoda ikhanda uhlobo lwenyoka yaseMelika enesihlungu esibi sika esingunxantathu shape. Ngo ikhanda python sika side okusaqanda-okwenyanga futhi kancane isicaba, namathambo kukhona ebanzi kakhulu kunalelo uhlobo lwenyoka yaseMelika enesihlungu esibi.

namazinyo

Amazinyo nazo litshwayo zinhlobo noma uhlobo lwe. Isimo sabo kanye nenombolo kuncike ngendlela ngokuphila kwesilwane. Izinyoka akudingeki ukuhlafuna futhi ukuluma, bamba bese ubamba inyamazane.

izilwane Ukudla agwinye awusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukulinda kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Isisulu akuyona abasephula, amazinyo imihlathi inyoka ezibekwe engela kanye baqondiswa ngaphakathi. Le ndlela yokwenza sifana hook ukubamba izinhlanzi kanye ivumela ngokuqinile simbe ukukhiqizwa.

Amazinyo leptophis, oyingozi futhi zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu: constrictor noma eqhubekayo, lukathayela, noma ezimazombezombe, okungenalutho, noma ukuthi ijabulise. I samanje lokuqala, njengoba umthetho, zinhlobo non-enobuthi. Ziyakwazi iDemo nesinabantu abaningi. I ongenhla ahlelwe imigqa emibili, kanti phansi - elilodwa.

namazinyo ezimazombezombe sise ekupheleni ongenhla. Ziyakwazi eside futhi unikelwe ukuvuleka okuqhubekayo lapho ubuthi iza. Bathandana kakhulu efana amazinyo ijabulise. Badinga ukujova Isihlungu. Basuke fixed (isikhundla njalo) noma Erectile (bethuthile inkatho lapho imihlathi ingozi).

isihlungu sezinyoka

Inani elikhulu izinyoka - anobuthi. ithuluzi esiyingozi kanjalo, akudingeki kakhulu Ukuvikelwa njengoba kubathene isisulu. Ngokuvamile izinyo ezimbili ezinde anobuthi wawuveza ngokucacile umehluko phakathi e nemihlathi, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo kubo kufihlwe ukujula umlomo.

Ubuthi kuveza nezindlala ekhethekile, okuyinto zitholakala ethempelini. Ngemigudu axhunyiwe emazinyweni eziyize noma imifanekiso futhi isebenze ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuze ususe "Udosi" yayo can amalungu ngamanye ale rattlesnakes futhi enesihlungu.

I esiyingozi kakhulu abantu kukhona uhlobo inyoka Taipan. Basuke kwasakazwa Australia neNew Guinea. Ngaphambi umgomo watholakala, izinga lokufa ubuthi babo laligujwa e-90% amacala.