Ukuphunyuka Isivinini

Iyiphi into bagqunywa phezulu, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuba phansi, kungaba itshe, iphepha noma uphaphe elula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lo satellite umkhankaso emkhathini nengxenye engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule, esiteshini isikhala noma inyanga uqhubeke ukujikisa omise zabo, sengathi abayiceli amandla Luhambo kule planethi yethu. Kungani lokhu kwakwenzeka? Kungani inyanga akusho nokusongela iwe emhlabeni, nokungu-Earth asibahambeli bubheke Sun? Musa senze ngokuvumelana nayo adonsela phansi jikelele?

siyazi esikoleni physics Yiqiniso, ukuthi adonsela phansi jikelele enza noma iyiphi kulomzimba. Khona-ke kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi kukhona ezinye amandla, ukululaza umphumela wamandla adonsela phansi. La mandla enza umzimba libizwa centrifugal. Ukusebenza kwawo Kulula ukuzizwa kuboshelwe komunye umkhawulo intambo umthwalo amancane sokuphumula ke kumbuthano. Kukhula ijubane ukujikeleza namandla ngentambo ukungezwani, futhi kancane thina uphendukisa umthwalo aba maningi amathuba ukuthi luzowa phansi.

Ngakho sesiseduze kakhulu umqondo 'yokuphunyuka velocity. " Ngamafuphi, ke lingachazwa ngokuthi ijubane, okuvumela iyiphi into izithathe ukuze ixazulule leyo Luhambo we nendikimba ethile esemkhathini. Ngenxa umzimba wasezulwini iplanethi, inyanga yayo, isimiso sonozungezilanga noma ezinye isinyathelo. Isikhala velocity njalo into enyakazayo ngaphakathi wo orbit. By the way, ubukhulu kanye ukuma orbit sento isikhala incike ubukhulu nesiqondiso Isivinini ukuthi into kwaba ngesikhathi injini ukuvala shaqa, futhi ukuphakama lapho kwenzeka.

Escape Isivinini kuyinto izinhlobo ezine. I emfushane wabo - lesi esokuqala. Lona izinga eliphansi kunawo wonke, okuyinto kufanele ibe mkhathi, ukuze Wangena orbit isiyingi. Inani layo kungenziwa kunqunywa fomula elandelayo:

V1 = √μ / r, lapho

μ - geocentric njalo okudonsa (μ = 398603 * 10 (9) m3 / s2);

r - ibanga ukusuka iphuzu ekuqaleni kuze kube maphakathi Earth.

Ngenxa yokuthi ukuma iplanethi yethu akuyona sphere ephelele (kuma-pole kubonakala kancane isicaba), ibanga ukusuka enkabeni kwamanzi kunazo zonke ku-yenkabazwe - 6378,1 • 10 (3) m, kanye aphansi-pole - 6356,8 • 10 (3) m Uma sithatha inani eliyisilinganiso -. • 6371 10 (3) m, sithola V1 elilingana 7,91 km / s.

Kukhula Isivinini isikhala idlula lesi silinganiso, ukuma side ngaphezulu ngeke zithole orbit, kude Earth at ibanga okwandisa. Ngesinye isikhathi esededelwe, ukulokho uyophahluka, athathe isimo a parabola, futhi mkhathi hamba phezu nobukhulu bomkhathi kwenza. Ukuze ukushiya iplanethi, umkhumbi kumele kube Isivinini yokuphunyuka. Kungaba ibalwe ifomula V2 = √2μ / r. Iplanethi yethu, lesi sibalo 11.2 km / s.

Izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zakhomba kakade, uyini Isivinini Ukuphunyuka, kokubili kuqala, futhi eyesibili ngayinye iplanethi ezungeza ethu. Ziyakwazi kulula ukubala ngokuvumelana amafomula ngenhla, uma omunye ubuyisela μ njalo umkhiqizo FM, lapho M - mass umzimba wasezulwini kwezinhloso zenzuzo, futhi f - amandla adonsela phansi njalo (f = 6.673 x 10 (-11) m3 / (kg x s2).

Esesithathu isivinini cosmic ngeke avumele noma iluphi mkhathi unqobe ekhangayo ilanga futhi ushiye ikhaya uhlelo lwabo welanga. Uma ulindele ukuba ilanga, uthola ukubaluleka 42,1 km / s. Futhi ukuze sifinyelele kusuka Umhlaba orbit eduze Welanga kudingeka ukuba ukhule ufike 16,6 km / s.

Futhi ekugcineni, owesine akhawunti cosmic velocity. Ngosizo lwawo, ungakwazi ukunqoba sezithombe emthaleni uqobo. Inani layo luyehluka kuye izixhumanisi a galaxy. Ngo wethu i-Milky Way , lesi silinganiso cishe 550 km / s (uma ubale isihlobo ukuba ilanga).