Operating pendulum - imvamisa oscillation

Amapharamitha izinqubo oscillatory kukhona imiqondo ngokomzimba owaziwa - amplitude nesikhathi. Ngakho, ngaphansi kunyakaza bona umthetho gqwa amaningi ngokuphinda inqubo ekushintsheni eliningi ayephila inani layo anonya noma zero. Ake ucabange ukuthi lo mthetho has a uhlamvu sinusoidal. Ngakho, uma umsebenzi F (x) yenqubo enikezwa uhlobo F (x) = K yesono (x), sinalo nje umsebenzi onjalo oscillating, okuyinto, khumbula, phezulu naphansi, phezulu naphansi ...

Cabanga igrafu wathi umsebenzi, isimiso, noma iliphi inani ku-Y-eksisi ezikhonjiswe Y1, futhi ezihambayo eduze X-eksisi, y2 ukuthola iphuzu elilandelayo nge value of Y1. Manje, uma-X-axis, kusukela iphuzu v2, hlehlisa isikhawu elilingana T = (y2 - Y1), sithola iphuzu v3 futhi kuyoba ulingana Y1 futhi y2. Ukuma igrafu phakathi kwalezi amaphuzu ncamashi wakuphinda zonke izingxenye okwalandela zilingane T. Ngakho sithole T ipharamitha ngenqubo esachazwa ifomula F (x) = K yesono (x), okuyinto ine impahla emangalisayo olushintsha ngaphakathi agumenti X T kuyosishintsha ushintsho umsebenzi F (x) phezu lonke uhla namagugu awo. Ngenxa yezinguquko X-axis akanamkhawulo ngesikhathi, ngamanye amazwi, inani nowe T ngokungenamkhawulo eziningi, khona-ke siba cyclical, okusho Ngiyaphinda ngithi ushintsho umsebenzi. Cycle isikhathi T ubizwa ngokuthi inkathi oscillation futhi kukalwa ngemizuzwana. Kodwa okuningi bamukeleke art ukusebenzisa nesilinganiso iyunithi ebizwe imvamisa oscillation, okhonjiswe f futhi ubalisisa f = 1 / T, iyunithi ibizwa ngokuthi Hertz (Hz). Imvamisa 1 Hz - ingenye oscillation ngomzuzwana.

Sizungezwe "yokuyendayenda" emhlabeni. Iyehla iyenyuka - kuzwakala, i kagesi ku izintambo, vibration indlela, ukukhanya, namanzi, ukujikeleza amaplanethi ... ungabali kubo phakathi, lezi kunyakaza. Bonke babe imingcele ngokwanele ezivamile ukuvama kwazo, ithi "uhla ukushintshashintsha." Ngokwesibonelo, imvamisa oscillation ka ezwakalayo umsindo amaza umuntu - kusuka 16 Hz kuya ku-20 kHz (1 kHz = 1000 Hz) kuphela, futhi uhla of imisindo colloquially itholakala ububanzi 100 - 4000 Hz. A Kuyiqiniso owaziwa kahle ukuthi akubona bonke abantu bezwe lonke uhla imisindo - abaningi kakade 12-15 kHz lalela. Le nqubo osebenza kunyakaza ultrasonic 100, 200 kHz nangaphezulu. Yekuchumana izindlela angase futhi iyashintshashintsha uhla enkulu imisindo - futhi wabelane Hz futhi amashumi kHz. Kodwa iningi anhlobonhlobo amagagasi kagesi - kusukela ukwabelana futhi kufika izinkulungwane eziningi izigidi Hz. Kulesi spectrum lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo amaza okukhanya komhlaba lincane kakhulu, kodwa lokho ziqondakala yethu izinhlaka umbono. Ezahlukene oscillation imvamisa e nomkhakha we amaza okukhanya inquma umbala yokukhanya ebonakalayo - kusuka obomvu ngokunsomi.

Kodwa emuva "eyodwa sikwele." Isikhathi esining impela, kulula ukusebenzisa amayunithi ingasebenza modified. artifice okunjalo kwenza ukuba lula abaningi amafomula ngibenze kubonakale kakhulu. Futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-sinusoidal oscillation imisebenzi kusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa eziguquguqukayo amayunithi angakahleleki ka-engeli - radians noma degrees. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kulesi sibalo we "aqala" njalo 2P, lelo, kanye nobuningi nasezenzweni eziningi zezibalo. Khona-ke banquma ukwethula iyunithi sokulungisa imvamisa nesilinganiso, layinika igama "eyindilinga oscillation imvamisa." Ingqikithi yalolu phiko ukuthi imvamisa yayo inqunywa isibalo oscillations ngesikhathi 2 * imizuzwana π, isb 6,28 isekhondi. imvamisa lokujikeleza ibalwa ifomula ω = 2 * π * f. Ukuba Ngowenkolo imvamisa eyindilinga uwukubonakaliswa iyunithi yayo yokukala - radians ngomzuzwana.

uhlelo Oscillating has namanje abanye imingcele agcwele yobuntu bakhe. Thatha wethu pendulum ezimnandi zakudala futhi kancane onesizotha, ukunciphisa ke esimweni inqubo vibration - tick-tock, tick-tock. Ukuze wenze lokhu once kwanele ukuze ibenze futhi ... ngedwa. Yini esizoxoxa ukubona? A pendulum oscillates eside ngokwanele ngaphandle kwesicelo eyengeziwe force, oscillation yayo imvamisa ayishintshi, futhi lo amplitude incipha kancane kancane, ngoba friction khandlu amadivayisi langempela. iyehla iyenyuka okunjalo lapho kuqaliswa emva push ukunyakaza pendulum, noma yiluphi olunye uhlelo vibration kunqunywa kuphela nemingcele, ngokuthi siqu. Uma sicabanga ukuthi amabutho ngesikhathi esifanayo kokumisa bayalingana kuqanda, futhi ilula kakhulu - Konke kusezandleni zethu, a pendulum ezinjalo, ubizwa ngokuthi zezibalo, ngeke oscillate phakade, futhi inkathi oscillation ingabalwa kusukela eyaziwa, okuyinto kakade isibe zakudala, ifomula - C = 2 * π * √ l / g.

Kusukela ukuhlaziywa kungenzeka ukwenza isiphetho esibalulekile: imvamisa engokwemvelo oscillation we pendulum kuphela kunqunywa nemingcele sangaphakathi sohlelo - ubude wentambo ubukhulu bale ukusheshisa gravity emhlabeni.