Izinganekwane oMdala eRoma. Izinganekwane waseRoma sidilizwa izingane

On the izinganekwane nezinkolelo inkolo zamaRoma futhi wathonywa kakhulu nangabanye abantu angomakhelwane - the Etruscans namaGreki. Kodwa ngaleso legends efanayo nezinganekwane lasendulo ukuthi ungubani yabo.

Ukuvela izinganekwane Roman

Usuku inkolo lasendulo kunzima ukunquma. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekupheleni II - ekuseni mina yeminyaka BC. e. yokufuduka amaNtaliyane zenzeka (okubizwa ngokuthi abantu abahlala kule nhlonhlo ngaphambi kumiswa yombuso wamaRoma kuyo), okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka amaningana bazinza Italy bese kufakwe lase libhujiswa ngemaRoma. Babefanele isiko abo futhi inkolo.

Ngo 753 BC, ngokusho legend, Rome yasungulwa. Nge VIII VI cc. BC. e. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa isikhathi wasebukhosini uma izisekelo babekwa ukuphila komphakathi kanye nesimo futhi zenkolo eziningi zombuso. I onkulunkulu esemthethweni onkulunkulu nezinganekwane lasendulo yayakha eduze kwalesi sikhathi. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuphawulwe ngokushesha ukuthi UKUNQOBA ongumRoma amasimu amasha, kodwa bavele kufakwe izinganekwane yabo futhi inkolo izithixo zabezizwe eziphakathi namaqhawe, ngakho uhlu onkulunkulu legends njalo agcwaliswa.

izici ehlukile ye inkolo sasendulo saseRoma

Njengoba e Greece, kwakungekho esiqinile inhlangano kweBhayibheli nangezimfundiso ezingenakuphikiswa. Onkulunkulu nezinganekwane lasendulo abangu ngokwengxenye lathathwa emazweni angomakhelwane. Ngokungafani nenkolo yamaRoma kusukela lesiGreki elifanayo ke lalibalulekile.

Uma unkulunkulu Greek - ngokuyinhloko ubuntu nge ngempela abantu, ngezici zobuntu babo, amaRoma ngicabange esinawonkulunkulu izidalwa laba balobi abakuloba. Ekuqaleni kumiswa inkolo yabo, abakwazanga ngisho igama ungubani zabo zobulili. AmaGreki babe kela amabutho kwaphezulu njengoba umkhaya omkhulu, okuyinto njalo zenzeka kwezihlobo amahlazo nokungavumelani zenzeka. Ukuze amaGreki, onkulunkulu - umuntu wanika amandla kwemvelo enawo izimfanelo ekahle. Ngakho wadala elibazungezile i aura oluyisimanga lwenganekwane.

Indlela onkulunkulu amaRoma wayehlukile. Ukuthula Ngokombono wabo, lalihlala elinenzondo noma esekelayo zabantu emhlabeni. Ziyakwazi yonke indawo futhi njalo ihambisane umuntu. I izinganekwane lasendulo ngithi ezikhulayo umfana noma intombazane ingaphansi ukuvikelwa inqwaba nezidalwa zaphezulu. Kwakuwusuku iwumthombo Nkulunkulu, izinyathelo kuqala, ithemba, ingqondo, kanye nabanye. Njengoba zikhula oyedwa kwesokunxele unkulunkulu, kuyilapho abanye, kunalokho, wamthatha ngaphansi sephiko lalo - a onkulunkulu eziyisithupha sishadile, inhlanhla impilo enhle, ingcebo. I uyafa ephelezelwa uhambo lwakhe lokugcina kakhulu ngendlela izidalwa nangaphezulu ngesikhathi sokuzalwa: wayencisha umphefumulo ukukhanya ukopha, ngokuletha ukufa.

Esinye isici esiphawulekayo nenkolo yamaRoma - ubuhlobo bayo obuseduze isimo. Ekuqaleni, zonke imikhuba yenkolo elihlobene ne-ukuphila omkhaya, wenza ikhanda lakhe - uyise. Kamuva, abaningi umndeni kanye nomkhosi yokhokho atholwe ukubaluleka kazwelonke futhi baba izenzakalo ezisemthethweni.

Ezahlukene kanye nesikhundla wabapristi. Uma eGreece yasendulo, ngaphambi bona babelwa iqembu ahlukene sabantu, amaRoma babe bakahulumeni. Sekube eziningana amakolishi sobupristi: vestals, le pontiffs futhi augurs.

Inkolo kanye izinganekwane lasendulo babekhona okuxubile. Isisekelo - iyona bomdabu unkulunkulu wamaRoma. Esikhathini kela onkulunkulu abaningi abangu izinhlamvu ukusuka inkolo isiGreki Etruscan nasemiqondweni komuntu siqu eziye zavela kamuva kakhulu waboleka. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, Fortuna - injabulo.

Kela onkulunkulu abaningi Roman

Okuwukuphela kwesizathu esenza amaRoma ekuqaleni wayenesimo sengqondo ekhethekile onkulunkulu. Azizange ezihlobene ubuhlobo bomkhaya, lonkulunkulu ngesiGreki, kungukuthi sakhiwa izinganekwane. Izakhamuzi eRoma isikhathi eside enqaba ukukunika onkulunkulu babo zici ukubukeka. Ingxenye izindaba ngabo ukuphela wabolekwa amaGreki.

izinganekwane ERoma lasendulo ukuthi uhlu onkulunkulu waseRoma kwakuyiyona sihlanganise indawo ebanzi kakhulu. Lezi zilimi zazihlanganisa Chaos, Tempus, Cupid, Saturn, i-Uranus, Ocean nezinye konkulunkulu, futhi izingane zabo - the Titans.

I isizukulwane sesithathu nesesine kwakungamadodana main nasesikhathini kela kwakucelwa onkulunkulu emelelwa 12. Basuke ahambisana Olympian ngesiGreki. Jupiter (uZeyusi) - samuntu ukuduma nokubaneka kwemibani Juno (Hera) - nomkakhe kanye umvikeli womshado nomndeni, Ceres (Demeter) - unkulunkulukazi wenzalo. Minerva futhi Juno ziye lathathwa inkolo Etruscan.

Bonke onkulunkulu Roman, nezidalwa kuhlanganisiwe ngezifiso engonkulunkulu:

Victoria - Victory;

Ukudalelwa - Fate;

Libertas - Freedom;

Psyche - umphefumulo;

Mania - ngobuhlanya;

Fortuna - Fortune;

Juventas - Youth.

Okubaluleke kunakho konke ukuthi kwabaseRoma kwadingeka onkulunkulu bamanga wezolimo nezezizwe.

Umthelela zamaGreki

I izinganekwane of EGrisi naseRoma lasendulo, zifana kakhulu, ngoba isikhathi esiningi kangaka onkulunkulu amaRoma asifunda bakhe abaseduze umakhelwane. Inqubo zokweboleka zamaGreki iqala ngasekupheleni VI - V ubudala ekuqaleni. okungalungile ngokuphelele umbono ukuthi lab 'onkulunkulu ezinkulu 12 Olympian athathwa eRoma futhi wathola amagama amasha. Jupiter, Vulcan, Vesta, Mars, Saturn - unkulunkulu bomdabu Roman, kuhlobene nezinga ngesiGreki kamuva. Onkulunkulu lokuqala lathathwa amaGreki, baba Apollo futhi Dionysus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaRoma kufakwe nenqwaba yabo Hercules noHermesi, kanye onkulunkulu bamaGreki futhi the titans izizukulwane lokuqala nelesibili.

Okuwukuphela kwesizathu esenza amaRoma kwadingeka onkulunkulu abaningi, lapho ihlukaniswe abadala nabasha. Kamuva, baqamba onkulunkulu ayo wonkulunkulu ezinkulu, esekelwe zaziziningi amandla ngesiGreki ephakeme.

I izinganekwane lasendulo: isifinyezo. Onkulunkulu Heroes

Kusukela fantasy lasezinganekwaneni amaRoma yayingeyinhle, yezinganekwane abaningi lathathwa amaGreki. Kodwa kwakukhona izinganekwane ekuqaleni Roman, kamuva owaketulwa ngesiGreki. Lezi zihlanganisa indaba ekudalweni kwezwe uNkulunkulu Janus.

Wayengumuntu nobunkulunkulu lasendulo Latin, umlindisango eZulwini, samuntu ilanga bese uqale. Wayelethwa uthathwa njengoba unkulunkulu wamasango nezicabha, emelelwe ezimbili abami, njengoba kukholakala ukuthi enye ubuso Janus waphendukela esizayo, kanye nezinye - esikhathini esidlule.

Enye sasendulo saseRoma inganekwane ilandisa umsuka abantu kusukela esihlahleni se-okhi. Thanda amaGreki, amaRoma wasihlonipha ihlathi kanye nezihlahla, kanye wadala Grove elalinikezelwe onkulunkulu Kwakuseshwa emikhosini engokwenkolo. izihlahla Engcwele babe umkhiwane (ngokusho legend, impisi yamathafa babezincelisela kukaRomulus wakhe futhi Remus) futhi-oak Capitol, okuyinto kukaRomulus waletha lokuqala kusukela onakala pi.

izinganekwane oMdala eRoma tiphindze enikelwe izilwane nezinyoni: ukhozi, impisi kanye lesiqophamithi. Mithandazo ikakhulukazi ohlonishwayo futhi sanikezelwa umkhuba wokukhulekela Lupercalia ekugubheni wenzalo nokuhlanzwa. Okuwukuphela kwesizathu esenza amaRoma isibaluli nezimpisi amandla emimoya futhi ekholelwa ukuthi umuntu kungashintsha kube isilwane.

With ukuthuthukiswa isimo nenkolo yamaRoma, onkulunkulu abasha legends entsha ngazo, othathwe amaGreki, amaRoma okwenziwa bona. izinganekwane sidilizwa waseRoma esikhundleni izindaba nga pre-existing bakudala mayelana kwasekelwa izwe kanye nabantu. Kwakheka umqondo wokuthi onkulunkulu ezimiselwe ukweneka ebusa izwe. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ukuvela yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi eRoma. Ngakho-ke, izinganekwane yaleli zwe lasendulo zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: izinganekwane mayelana onkulunkulu nezenzo zabo, le nganekwane heroes legends ngemvelaphi nokuthuthuka waseRoma.

Inganekwane ekusungulweni edolobheni laseRoma

Lona omunye legends edume kakhulu emhlabeni. Njengoba Hercules omkhulu, inganekwane abazalwane, abasunguli eRome emazweni amaningi aziwa. Ukhuluma kanjani ekuthatheni emthethweni kwamandla Amulius babekhathazeke ngokuthi esikhathini esizayo enquma inselelo indodana Numitor eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, nomshana wakhe wabulawa ukuzingela. indodakazi Numitor sika, Rhea, wakhipha umyalo wokuba abapristi ukumemezela abakhethiweyo bakwa Vesta, njengoba Vestal kwadingeka ukuba bahlale bengashadile. Ngakho wayefuna ukuvikela ngokwabo enzalweni Numitor, abangase bahlanganyele naye ekulweni esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Kodwa onkulunkulu azoyenza Rhea omunye ukudalelwa. Waba unkosikazi kankulunkulu Mars. Ngemva konyaka, yena wazalwa abafana abangamawele. Nakuba engajabule amangalelwe ukuthi uyise - unkulunkulu othile, kwathi njengoba kuwukwephula enqabelo Vestal. Daughter of Numitor ibiyelwe kuze emhumeni, futhi izingane Amulius luhlelwe ziphonswe eMfuleni Tiber.

Izinceku ngizisole izingane wazibeka kubhavu, okuyinto samuka emfuleni. ukuma eNkulu amanzi kubhavu yayo waziphonsa phansi izwe ngaphasi komuthi wamakhiwani. Ngezwa ukukhala kwezingane ongumakhelwane nge Nzalo yakhe Impisi waqala ukondla izingane. Lokhu umbukwane, ngelinye ilanga wabona Favstul umalusi wabasingatha abantwana ekhaya lakhe.

Njengoba zikhula, abazali abakuthola ngitshela abafowethu ngemvelaphi yabo. Romul mina iNsalela waya Numitor, ngubani Ngasheshe ngababona. Njengoba eqoqwe ngosizo ihlukane encane, umzalwane wabulala Amulius futhi zikumemezele kakhokho wakhe. Njengoba umvuzo, bacelwa ukuba ufike osebeni Tiber, bafumana yena oyinkosi yokusindiswa kwabo. Kube kwanqunywa ukusungula inhloko-dolobha yombuso esizayo. Phakathi ingxabano ngoba it bekezelela ogama lakhe, Remus wabulawa kukaRomulus.

Heroes izinganekwane Roman

Iningi legends kodwa lathathwa amaGreki, khuluma ngezinto izinhlamvu abafeza sezakhiwo noma umhlatshelo ngokwabo egameni ukuchuma waseRoma. Lokhu Romul mina iNsalela, abafowethu UHorace, ULucius Junius, Muzio Scaevola, nabanye abaningi. inkolo wamaRoma wayebizwa subordinated nejoka isimo nezomphakathi. izinganekwane Abaningi baye baba amaqhawe yeqhawe akhazimulise sababusi.

Eneya

Eneya - umsunguli yombuso wamaRoma. INdodana unkulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite, umngane wabathelisi Hector, hero yaseTroy neMpi - isikhulu abasha babaleke wendodana esencane ubaba ngemva kokuwa kaTroy kwaba ezweni lase ezingaziwa, lapho Latins wahlala. Washada Lavinia, indodakazi lendawo yinkosi Latina, futhi nalo waqala ukuphatha emazweni Italian. Inzala Eneya, Romul mina iNsalela, waqala abasunguli waseRoma.

I izinganekwane lasendulo izingane - izincwadi ezingcono kakhulu abafundi abasha

Naphezu kobuningi izincwadi ukuthola izincwadi ehloniphekile ukufunda izinganekwane of abantu basendulo babengazi kunzima. Alone kuwufanele umkhiqizo, eyasungulwa ncamashi 100 edlule futhi namanje standard. N. A. Kun "Izinganekwane ka neRoma lasendulo" - le ncwadi owazi lenqwaba abafundi. Wawuthi ngo-1914 ngqo abafundi esikoleni futhi bonke abathandi izinganekwane lezizwe lasendulo. Collection izinganekwane ebhaliwe elula kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ulimi ephilayo, futhi uphelele izilaleli yezingane.

A. A. Neyhardt iwusizo ezithakazelisayo "Legends and Legends waseRoma sidilizwa", esinikela ngolwazi emfushane phezu onkulunkulu baseRoma namaqhawe.

isiphetho

Ngenxa yokuthi amaRoma waboleka onkulunkulu bamaGreki nezinganekwane, lezi izindaba ezisekhona. Ukudala ngesisekelo imisebenzi yabo yobuciko, abalobi sasendulo saseRoma Ukulondolozile ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela ubuhle kanye zamaGreki namaRoma yeqhawe. Virgil wadala nendumezulu "Aeneid", Ovid wabhala "metamorphoses" futhi "fast". Ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yabo zabantu wesimanje manje ithuba lokufunda nasekutheni yiziphi izinkolelo nonkulunkulu ezimbili ezinkulu-United lasendulo - IGrisi NeRoma.