Kuyini mineral? Ukubukwa nemibono

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, nemibono ebekiwe ngalokhu namaminerali zazishintsha njalo. Futhi manje, ngabe siyakuthanda noma cha, nhlangothi zonke, siya ku mayelana amaminerali. Uma ukholwa ukuthi leli "Uthando" ukuba zonke izikhangiso, zingabantu yonke indawo, ezisukela wokuxubha nesiphetho ukudla amakati inzalo.

Ngakho lokho amaminerali? Futhi manje ngalokhu umqondo kungekho ukuvumelana futhi impikiswano iyaqhubeka. Uma lula definition olukhona, impendulo yombuzo othi "Yini mineral" kungenziwa kanje: Amaminelali ukudla okuqinile kokuba odabuka yemvelo kanye wezinto ezingaphili crystal isakhiwo, okwakhiwa kwalo kungenziwa emelelwa ifomula amakhemikhali. Okungukuthi, ngokuvumelana le ncazelo, namaminerali - kukhona izinto ezakhiwe ngokuhamba izinqubo Geological nokuba kuchazwe amakhemikhali ukwakheka. Bazizwa ngokwenyama, okungukuthi, wazizwa, kulinganiswa, kuhlaziywe, kumbe obonayo, ngisho noma ngosizo kumadivayisi we-optical. Kule ngombono, umyalezo mayelana amaminerali, isibonelo, cat ukudla, njengoba esikuzwayo izimakethe, kubonakala okungenani e evamile Stunt emphakathini, kodwa ngokuvamile - umbhedo liphumelele. Nakuba kuyiqiniso kukhona namaminerali zemvelo, okuyinto sihlangana nsuku zonke ekhaya, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle okuyinto kunzima ukucabanga ngokuphila ngokugcwele. Omunye wabo - the usawoti rock (halite).

Sici ebaluleke kakhulu namaminerali kule ncazelo "odabuka yemvelo wezinto ezingaphili." Yabo Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile "kungokwemvelo" umsuka. Kunezindlela eziningi kakhulu ezihlukahlukene wezinto chemical compounds aziwa bamakhemikhali, kodwa kumane nje kuyingxenye encane yale compounds ezitholakala emvelweni, njengoba emelelwe okuhambisanayo definition namaminerali. Isizathu wukuthi bamakhemikhali endaweni yokucwaninga nethuba ukudala indawo ahlukahlukene ezingaphezu kuka likhona real nature, uphinde uqoqe endaweni "inkampani" kukhona amakhemikhali ukuthi ngokwemvelo zenzeka ndawonye cishe.

Ukuqhubeka Nokho ukuthola, ukuthi amaminerali zinto, futhi lokho akuyona, siphawula ukuthi, empeleni, zokwenziwa amadayimane futhi ibe ngeyamarubi, wadala e-laboratory, ngokuthi namaminerali asipheli. Ngeke chasiselwe namaminerali kuhlanganise yemvelo kanye (naphezu imvelaphi yabo yemvelo), futhi eyaziwa kusukela endulo kanye amber jet nomusa viscous kwamalahle. Isizathu - yokuntuleka crystal nesakhiwo.

imibuzo bamakhemikhali amaningi azibheka namaminerali enikeziwe futhi mercury - kwensimbi kuphela eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ewuketshezi. Ngaphambili, lapho indima esemqoka kukhala ngu Ukwakheka yabo, mercury kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso amaminerali (Nokho, amanzi futhi) e Ukwahlukaniswa namaminerali. Manje, lapho le ncazelo amaminerali sengezwe futhi khona isakhiwo crystal, iningi bamakhemikhali izinto zemvelo uketshezi isigaba amaminerali is akulindelekile.

Esikhathini uchungechunge sasivame ukuzwa kukhulunywa ngezintaba amapharele imigexo eyigugu kunawo wonke. Nokho, asikwazi ngokuthi mineral ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo salo inhomogeneous. Ngo ngezithako zawo likhona calcite amaminerali (calcium carbonate, crystalline impahla) kanye nezinto eziphilayo, ngasinye yezingxenye abamelwe has a ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali.

Okwamanje, igama elithi "amaminerali" futhi livame ukusetshenziswa njengoba igama uchungechunge amaminerali, futhi njengoba igama crystal olulodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, idayimane kuyinto impahla eliyingqayizivele njengoba ubulukhuni bayo, waqonda njengoba impahla jikelele zinhlayiya kwezinhlobo amaminerali. Kodwa lapho ukhuluma ngani omunye idayimane "Cullinan" enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni thina, incazelo asithathwa amaminerali.