I-ASCII, izinhlamvu: incazelo, ithebula amakhodi nezinhlobo

Njengoba yaziwa, nekhompyutha igcine ulwazi ngezindlela ezihamba ngakubili, uletha njengendlela ukulandelana abathandekayo futhi amaqanda. Ukuhumusha ulwazi kwifomu efanelekile ukuba zidliwe umuntu, ngamunye ngokulandelana esiyingqayizivele izinombolo uma kuboniswa Limiselelwe uhlamvu okuhambisanayo.

Omunye ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo amakhodi kanambambili ukuphrinta futhi zokulawula kuyinto ASCII.

Ezingeni samanje nokuthuthukisa ithekhnoloji ikhompyutha yomsebenzisi ayidingi ukwazi ikhodi uphawu ngasinye. Nokho, ukuqonda jikelele indlela esephepheni Kwenziwa, kuyasiza kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izigaba ongoti nazo zonke ezidingekayo.

Dala ASCII

Ngo owaqalwa esephepheni yasungulwa ngo-1963 futhi eminyakeni ke ngoba 25 olusha kabili.

Ngo inguqulo yasekuqaleni etafuleni ASCII uhlamvu kuhlanganisa nezinhlamvu 128, inguqulo kamuva avela enwetshiwe, lapho izinhlamvu zokuqala 128 zigcinwa namakhodi babandakanyeka izimpawu kancane lwesishiyagalombili esikuyi ngaphambilini engekho.

Kule minyaka edlule, leli wekhodi ithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngo-2006, indawo ehamba phambili wathatha Latin e 1252, futhi ekupheleni 2007 futhi okwamanje onesikhundla ehamba phambili ngokuqinile Unicode.

ukumelwa Ikhompyutha ASCII

Ngamunye ASCII-uhlamvu has ikhodi yayo ehlanganisa izinhlamvu ezingu-8, emele zero noma eyodwa. Inombolo ubuncane sokuvela zero (amaqanda eyisishiyagalombili ohlelweni kanambambili), okuyinto umthombo element yokuqala kuthebula.

Ikhodi Maximum kanambambili inguqulo ASCII original kuyinto null + amayunithi eziyisikhombisa, futhi inguqulo enwetshiwe - amayunithi eziyisishiyagalombili, exhunywe njengoba kancane lesishiyagalombili.

zokulawula

Control zinhlamvu ngokuthi zezimpawu ezikhombisa ukuthi ungenalo ukumelwa sokuqhafaza isetshenziselwa inhlangano kombhalo, umphathi wedivaysi, njll kungase kubonise ekuqaleni noma ekugcineni kombhalo, amathebhu, odala isignali umsindo, imisebenzi ahlukahlukene TTY (teletype - .. Machine yokudlulisela idatha isiteshi kagesi) ngesixazululo okukhipha idatha yedivayisi, njll yokukhansela senzo.

Ethebuleni ASCII uhlamvu nekubeka 0 kuya 31, kanye 127 abelwe zokulawula. Inani 33 emamaki.

Izinhlamvu ezisele

Labo abasele abanga-95 izikhundla abekelwe izimpawu zokubhala kanye imisebenzi zezibalo, amadijithi idesimali, izinhlamvu zamagama, irejista ezahlukene: "A" futhi capital "A" zihambisana ovundlile ukuba amakhodi ezahlukene etafuleni ASCII uhlamvu.

izinombolo uhlamvu ethebuleni

Uma umuntu ukwenza ekuthuthukisweni software, noma ukwenza eminye imisebenzi kusukela emkhakheni kolwazi nobuchwepheshe, kubalulekile ukwazi isibalo eziningi ASCII.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isikhundla 0-31 kanye 127 ukulawula izinhlamvu. Inombolo 32 inikezwe isikhala, inombolo 33-47, futhi 58-64 abekelwe tiphumuti izibalo eziyisisekelo imisebenzi.

Latin ofeleba ahlelwe ngokulandelana kwama-alfabhethi futhi ibalwa kusukela 65 th-90 th. izinhlamvu ezincane nazo ahlelwe ngokulandelana kwama-alfabhethi, izikhundla zabo - kusuka 97 th 122 th. Izinombolo ezisele (91-96 futhi 123-126) enikezwa kubakaki futhi besokunxele, isici etshekile futhi iqonde, kanye ezinye izimpawu diacritical.

ithebula egcwele izimpawu ekubonakalisweni elula sokuqhafaza kungabonwa esithombeni ngenhla. Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa inani lezimpawu kuthebula Russian ASCII uhlamvu.

ASCII enwetshiwe

Njengoba inguqulo yasekuqaleni esephepheni yasungulwa, esekelwe ilungu American, lapho ungazange esinikezwe izinhlobo hhayi kuphela ezihlukahlukene zibhalwe futhi amagama kazwelonke, kodwa ngisho ukusetshenziswa elula eziba phezu konkamisa bamagama, Ngezenzo elisetshenziswa izilimi zaseYurophu.

kancane 8 iye yaba nesandla ukuze kwakhiwe ukufaka ikhodi enwetshiwe. Le nguqulo kuhlanganisa izimpawu amagama kazwelonke European kanye nokubhalwa ifonotiki, izici ezibonwayo, esetshenziselwa umdwebo amatafula, eziningi izimpawu zezibalo.

Ezinye ASCII-zinhlamvu kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa namuhla. Kahle kahle, lokhu kusebenza izinhlamvu ezisetshenziswa ukudweba amatafula, njengoba kusukela eminyakeni ukuthuthukiswa ukufaka ikhodi enwetshiwe, okuningi ngezindlela elula ngaphezulu elwa sokuqhafaza amatafula ziye kwethulwa.

National yokwahluka wekhodi

Ngaphambi kokufika ASCII enwetshiwe version ukubonisa izinhlamvu ngamazwe esetshenziswa remanufactured okufushane esephepheni, kuphi izincwadi Latin zafakwa isiRashiya, isi-Greek, izinhlamvu Arabhu.

amakhodi amabili ethebuleni abekelwe ukushintsha phakathi ejwayelekile US-ASCII futhi umgomo waso kazwelonke.

Ngemva ASCII phathelana akuhlanganisi 128 kanye 256 izinhlamvu, Silethe Inketho esephepheni, lapho inguqulo yasekuqaleni etafuleni igciniwe ku 128 amakhodi lokuqala ngeqanda kancane 8. Izimpawu izincwadi kazwelonke elondolozwe ku engxenyeni engaphezulu etafuleni (isikhundla 128-255-th).

Ukuze ukwazi ngqo ASCII uhlamvu amakhodi umsebenzisi ayidingekile. Umthuthukisi Software ngokuvamile okwanele ukwazi inani sakhi etafuleni ukubala ikhodi, uma kunesidingo, usebenzisa uhlelo kanambambili.

isiRashiya

Ukulandela ukuthuthukiswa ngasekuqaleni 70-yalolucwaningo ka lokubhala kulezi zilimi zaseScandinavia, Chinese, isiKorea, isiGreki, njll, Ukudala inguqulo yabo uzihlanganisa neSoviet Union. Ngokushesha athuthukile nguqulo ye ukufaka ikhodi 8-bit ngokuthi KOI8, olondolozela ngowokuqala 128 ASCII uhlamvu amakhodi futhi inike inani elifanayo izikhundla ngaphansi izinhlamvu zamagama kazwelonke nezinhlamvu ezengeziwe.

Ngaphambi ukwethulwa Unicode KOI8 wabusa ingxenye Russian kwe-inthanethi. Kwakukhona ezahlukeneyo ukufaka ikhodi isiRashiya, futhi zamagama Ukraine.

izinkinga ASCII

Njengoba inani izakhi ngisho etafuleni enwetshiwe ingeqi 256, kungenzeka ihlanganise a wekhodi olulodwa abaningana izikripthi ezahlukene lingekho. Esikhathini 90 kube nenkinga e RuNet "Eish, udoti" lapho umbhalo uyithayiphe Russian ASCII ziboniswa ngokungalungile.

Inkinga kwaba iphutha amakhodi ezahlukene ongakhetha ASCII nomunye. Khumbula ukuthi ngo-izikhundla 128-255 zingafakwa izimpawu ezihlukahlukene, futhi uma wena ushintshe uhlamvu Cyrillic setha kwesinye, zonke izinhlamvu umbhalo kwathathelwa indawo abanye kokuba isibalo ezifanayo enye inguqulo amakhodi.

isimo samanje

Njengoba sekunama-Unicode ASCII udumo selunciphile.

Isizathu salokhu itholakala lokuthi ukuthi entsha wezinhlamvu bavunyelwe aqukethe izimpawu izilimi cishe yonke ebhalwe. Kulokhu, owokuqala 128 ASCII zivumelana uhlamvu efanayo Unicode.

Ngo-2000, wayengunkulunkulukazi othandwa kunabo ASCII esinekhodi ku-inthanethi futhi esetshenziswa 60% ngokobungako amakhasi ewebhu "Google". Kakade ngawo-2012, inani elikhulu Amakhasi enjalo usunciphe 17%, kanye nendawo ukufaka ikhodi ethandwa kakhulu wathatha-Unicode (UTF-8).

Ngakho, ASCII kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomlando kolwazi nobuchwepheshe, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubonakala kungenalo ikusasa elingcono unpromising.