T-15 - torpedo-athomu: izici

Ekupheleni kuka-40-yalolucwaningo zohlelo zenuzi eSoviet Union kwaba ukuhlakulela ngesilinganiso umxhwele. Izisetshenziswa lo msebenzi angakaze azisole ngaso. Lokhu kubangelwe izenzakalo eJapane, umuzi lapho amisa khona amaMelika baphonse ezimbili nje amabhomu e-athomu. Kufanele shesha, hhayi ukuba esizeni amaJapane.

Ngo-1949, ibhomu lokuqala lwavivinywa ... bese kwathi ukuze ziyiswe abaphikisi kungenzeka ine kuphela ongaphakeme-speed Tu-4. Kodwa kwaba kakade kucace ukuthi lokhu, uma sikubeka kahle, akuyona inketho. Okokuqala, lezo izindiza aphelelwe yisikhathi futhi ayikwazanga bazivikele Interceptor owema US izingalo. Okwesibili, angifuni ukuba baphonse abashayeli: emva umsebenzi ababenakho eyodwa kukho - ukuzama futhi ngokudlwengula ingane kulo lonke izwe yaseMexico.

Lesi simo akekho ubuholi yezwe abajabuli ngakho. abacwaningi eziningi ziye umkhankaso emkhakheni izimoto ukulethwa, lapho omunye umxhwele kakhulu waphenduka T-15. Lokhu torpedo, kwenzeke "umsebenzi" wakhe bangaqhubeka lonke ugu olusempumalanga ye-USA.

Kungani torpedo?

Lokhu kwakubangelwa yokuthi lasemanzini wase-USSR kwakuyizwi ngwenya kakhulu. Kakade phakathi neMpi Yezwe II liye ngokuphindaphindiwe kungase kutholakale ukuthi bangagqashula zize nogu isitha, futhi kwakubaluleke kakhulu esimweni impi kungenzeka zenuzi. Ngisho noma amaMelika alinge nokuqalisa uhlelo lwayo "Dropshot" torpedo T-15 kungaba isikhali ngempumelelo ukuziphindiselela.

Kodwa ukuze wenze isinqumo - eyodwa, futhi uqaphele kunzima kakhulu: kwekulu ubukhulu torpedo amashubhu nakumikhumbingwenya KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - 500 mm ububanzi we "Okuncane kakhulu," the ibhomu le-athomu - zonke amamitha nenxenye. Yini okumelwe uyenze? Itilosi babemagange torpedo ukubukeka usayizi ezanele, kodwa umkhakha zenuzi waphikelela ngokuthi okuphambene.

Onjiniyela eyisisekelo

Ubani wayeyinhloko yephrojekthi ye-T-15? I torpedo kwahlongozwa Alferovym V I. Wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo lapho kudalwa indawo ibhomu lokuqala le-athomu, ukuze nakho ayenakho. Nguye ngokushesha ngemva kovivinyo "ethengisa" umbono wabo yenkinga, futhi ephikelela ekuthuthukiseni a torpedo enkulu ngokusebenzisa "hydrogen" kwenkokhelo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Navy aziswe ngesinqumo esifana nalesi lingashoni nhlobo. Iqiniso lokuthi Alferov akakujabulelanga ukwanda phakathi amatilosi, ngoba Nguye owaqala ngokushushiswa Admiral Kuznetsov. Ngakho kukhona isimo nakuba lapho ukwakhiwa kwezikhali umkhumbi yasungulwa kuphela ngokuthi "izwe" amabutho.

Kukholakala ukuthi umlobi ngqo yephrojekthi wayaziwa academician Sakharov. Super torpedo T-15 (amandla megatons 100!) Ingabe ukuba usetshenziselwe kuhlaselwa the US empumalanga ogwini. Kwakuthinta babecabanga ukuthi ukuqhuma "inkosi-torpedoes" kuphakama wave ukuthi zakhukhula yonke ingqalasizinda lesitha, hhayi kuphela ogwini, kodwa ngisho okwakusemzini ekujuleni komhlaba. Kuze kube namuhla, le torpedo T-15 Sakharov kubhekwe onamandla kunayo lesi sigaba of isikhali, ngisho noma bakwamukela khengikukarekele.

isakhiwo elilinganiswayo

Fleet izikhali ezintsha ezibikiwe kuphela ngo-1953, futhi amatilosi ngokwabo kwamjabulisa kuye kwakungafanele. Iqiniso lokuthi ngwenya ukuthi kwakumelwe bangaphathi lolu hlobo torpedo, lonke igumbi lokuqala baguqulelwa umshini giant ukusebenzisa le igobolondo. Ngakho, i-torpedo T-15 - oyedwa emhlabeni kuphela icala uma ehlukile ekilasini ngwenya lwenzelwe ukuthutha projectile olulodwa. Yiqiniso, izici yokugcina babe yokuthi ukumboza ngokugcwele izindleko.

Ubude Imininingwane zedivayisi - engaphezu kuka-20 metres. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngoba kunika umuntu ama acinene ezimbili torpedo 533 mm senzelwe ukuzivikela. Izindawo e Kulokhu kwakukuncane ukuze kulahlwe crew at Kwakuyodingeka torpedoes amabili kuphela (stock wayengekho).

Proposed Ukucaciswa T-15

Ngakho, yini kwakuhlukile T-15? I torpedo kungenzeka hit zonke lingakanani omkhulukazi. ubude balo 23 amamitha kanye isisindo amathani afinyelela ku-40. Futhi isisindo warhead wona awubanga amathani amane. Zonke ukuphumula - ibhethri esikhulu, okungekho ayengenalo izinsiza ijubane cishe 29 ifindo. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi uhla Cruising lingafika amakhilomitha angu-30. Sasiyini 'ukugcwaliswa "T-15? Torpedo cishe bangaqhubeka ibhodi kuphela warhead iArmagedoni.

Lesi sakamuva ukuhlakulela Bureau ahlukene ngaphansi kokuqondisa Haritona Yu. B. Ngokuqeda babekwazi kwenziwe njengoba fuze contact futhi ngokusebenzisa telemetry. Inketho yokuqala Kunconywa Kulezo zimo, uma esimweni luvele luyasebenza nempi yenuzi, isikebhe ubuzobona isitha. Kulokhu kukhona ingozi ukuthi torpedo T-15 Sakharov vele tube torpedo, kodwa ngwenya ngokwayo ngaleso sikhathi babeyoqonda ababhubhise. Ukuze ulawule umlilo usebenzisa wadala ngokukhethekile lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi "Tantalum".

Lapho umbono uwukuthi singase sihluke khona umkhuba

The main izici lobuchwepheshe esiphathiswa torpedo sivunyiwe ngasekupheleni 1953. Ngo-July 1954 ke yalungiswa okusalungiswa owandulelayo ngwenya, ebhodini zazo bekumele kube torpedo yenuzi T-15. Ekupheleni konyaka-ke wabheka okokuqala futhi watusa yokudlulisela phambili kwemibhalo ukuze sixoxe ngayo. Yileso sikhathi kuphela lapho iphrojekthi wenzé Admiral Kotov, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyinhloko-induna Navy-USSR. Kwakuthinta wabe esethula ngokuhamba kunjalo kanye nezinye izinduna lasolwandle.

Iziphetho ochwepheshe '

Labo kwakhiwa ikomidi uchwepheshe, okuyinto obekumele ukubhekana zibheke isiyonke iphrojekthi enjalo. Ngokushesha kwaba sobala ukuthi lo Navy akakuthandanga kobuholi hhayi kuphela Soviet torpedo yenuzi T-15, kodwa futhi izici Imikhumbi-ngwenya ethwala bekumele akusebenzise izikhali ezinjalo. Ochwepheshe kufanele aveze ukuthi izindleko nangomcibisholo enjalo absurdly okusezingeni eliphezulu, isidingo yayo njalo ukulondoloza ukulwa ukulungela, futhi ukukwenza nge Ubukhulu enjalo torpedoes kuyoba nzima kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi ze-ngwenya Kwahlwa lokuzibulala: ukuqhuma umthamo ophethe megatons 100, ke, kanye ngwenya ngabe umane udwenguliwe, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje kusukela kwaqala khona Kwakuyodingeka ahoxise esiphezulu amakhilomitha angu-100.

Ngenxa yalokho, ekugcineni sanquma ukuthi eSoviet T-15 torpedo - iphrojekthi okungabazekayo, futhi kuzuzisa ngokwengeziwe ukwakha izikhali ezinjalo, inqubo eyayingase isetshenziswe ngokusebenzisa ezivamile 533-mm torpedo amashubhu. Ngo-March 1955, zonke survey zaziphonswa ngaleso sendawo ethile. Sheer torpedo-athomu ye-T-15 bahlala kuphela ephepheni.

Elafika esikhundleni T-15?

Yena salandelwa torpedo T-5. Futhi yenyukliye, kodwa kakade unamahlangothi ezanele. Nokho, nobunzima onjiniyela kwadingeka ukuba anqobe eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhathi eside ayikwazanga "nokufundisa" torpedo abakutholanga baya ukujula oyifunayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala siphela ke ezine aphume 15 Kungenzeka Ukuqala fuse kusebenze "bebodwa."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ukusebenza evamile warhead esinobuthatha kakhulu ngenxa semali electronics edingekayo lokushisa kule ezahlukene 5-20 degrees Celsius. Sikhishwe yokuthi ngwenya ethu ayevame angaphezu kwe-Arctic Circle, izidingo bheka kakhulu.

Naphezu kwalokhu, ngo-April 1955 entsha yokuhlola warhead torpedoes Kwakuseshwa ku Umhlaba Omusha. Thina iphuphuthe olwandle, ngesikhathi of mayelana 12 amamitha ukujula. Ukusebenzisa icala attenuated, amandla awo ingeqi kilotons ezintathu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi warhead, okwakubekelwa ifakwe "ayibe" torpedo T-15, ngiyizwe ezimweni zangempela. Lokhu kuyaqondakala: amandla "umkhiqizo B", kuba "incumbe", ingeqi megatons 60. Ukuhlola icala kabili njengoba enamandla njengoba onjiniyela nakwezempi nje akazange alinge.

Phela, esikhathini esidlule akunjalo elikude wethu ubulokhu entsha ICBM based rocket "Proton", okumele idlule amandla kwaba ... 150 megatons. Kodwa ngisho lomsebenti akudluliselwa imidwebo ngoba ngamandla alo oyinhloko. Kuze kube manje, akekho ongasisebenzisa bavuma noma baphika ukuthi kungenzeka uchungechunge engalawuliwe ukusabela iArmagedoni lapho ihlolwe isikhali amandla anjalo.

ukuhlolwa isimo

ukuhlolwa State T-15 owalandela wethulwa 1957. Ngokohlelo zabo, kwakuhlelwe izigaba ezintathu: One Shot "izikhala", kanti eyesibili - a agcwele ukulwa torpedo, kodwa ngaphandle ukugxusha zenuzi, eyesithathu - a ingalimaza wangempela T-5 nge warhead yenuzi.

Zonke izinyathelo abaphumelela, kodwa wabonisa eziningi izinkinga, kuhlanganise ukuphambuka projectile kusukela Yiqiniso, kanye nezinye izinkinga zokulawula. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, wonke izici ezingezinhle ngemibono akubalulekile, ukwakha torpedoes zenuzi hlelo ekugcineni yaphela ngempumelelo.

Ukuphela indaba

izikhali zabo zithathwe ngo-1958. Khishiwe edition yabo engatheni emzini Alma-Ata. Kodwa kakade 1960 ukukhiqizwa ukuthi ngokuphelele ikhishiwe. Kwakunezizathu ezizwakalayo eziningi. Okokuqala, "runaway" ukuthuthukiswa (iminyaka emihlanu) ayikwazanga nomthelela ekusebenzeni ukushayela ukuthi babengcono kakhulu ngaphansana kunalawo torpedoes, okwakukhona kakade enkonzweni. Okwesibili, ngo-1960, amabutho yaqala ukuthola izincwadi ekhethekile serial 533-mm torpedo, okungase usebenzise warhead yenuzi. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu ukwakhiwa kwezikhali ekhethekile yalolu hlobo ukuthi ikhishiwe.

Kulokhu, T-15 torpedo, izici esiye kuchaziwe, kanye T-5, wanika isayensi Soviet eningi ukwaziswa okuwusizo esiye njalo elisetshenziswa ukudalwa izinhlamvu ezikhethekile.