Consciousness angaphatheki

sazi zenkolo Russian VL. Soloviev kwelinye amaphuzu akhe ezihlinzekwa uhambo ngengqondo phakathi kwengqondo yethu, ukuze sibone ukuthi kwenzekani khona. Phakathi kwalolu hambo oluthakazelisayo kungabhekwa njengokuvikela waqalisa indlela eyinkimbinkimbi ukucabanga ngokuthi "izinhlayiya ubuchopho amancane" nihlanganyele, njengoba nokuqubuka kagesi zenzeka ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zobuchopho. Yize kunjalo, uma uqhathanisa ukuthi kwenzekani ezingqondweni zethu, ukuze sikwazi ukubona ezinhlakeni zethu ubuchopho ke ngokushesha kungase kubonakale sengathi lezi izinqubo ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuphelele. Kuziwa iziphetho ezilandelayo VL. Solovyov: "Yini ubuzobona kumuntu wangaphandle? Yena ubuzobona isakhiwo zobuchopho ...., Kodwa lokhu kungaba iyafana isithombe okwamanje ngalesi sikhathi ukumela, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokwazi yini okwengeziwe ngobuchopho nokuhamba kwezindikimba imisinga kagesi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba kuphela kumuntu wangaphandle, futhi wabona zisuka kusobala ukuthi phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili akukho ungubani esisemthethweni. " Ngamanye amazwi, ubuchopho bomuntu wonke umzimba umshini kahle ubukele, kunzima kakhulu wahlela. Ezinye izingxenye kulo mshini sigqugquzelwa omunye abahambayo umzimba, umsebenzi, wazibonela sezinzwa, udle, okuzala. Umzimba nje ukunyakaza ndaba, ube izinhlayiya kwakwakhe impahla ibe ebumbene, kuyilapho ukuqaphela kwethu, imicabango, ingqondo akanayo engokoqobo.

Lesi siphetho iza dualists, ngezizathu zokuthi umbono wazalwa ingqondo, hhayi imvelo impahla. Ngokwesibonelo, isitulo okuyinto sihlezi, eimeet izimpawu ecacile izinto: isikhundla, ukuma nombala wazo. Kungaba uyithinte, siwuzwe, hambisa. Isithombe kwesitulo ephakama izingqondo zethu, ngisho ngesikhathi ukuntula kwakhe okuqonda sezinzwa, akuyona into ebonakalayo ngomqondo esiqinile. USihlalo ngengqondo akunakwenzeka ukuzizwa izinzwa, ngizwe njengoba langempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma sikhetha ukwenza, kulula ukuhlakaza engqondweni yethu, njengokungathi akekho. Asikwazi, futhi, uma uthanda, wenze izinguquko ezihlukahlukene esithombeni ngengqondo kwetafula, ukushintsha ukwakheka kwalo, umbala, kuyilapho etafuleni real, njengoba isihloko kulomhlaba ngeke kusaba khona ushintsho endaweni yawo, njengoba kungekho senzo ngokomzimba, akazange alandele.

Consciousness dualists njalo kuye kwabhekwa njengento okuthile wonke, inseverable. Ngaleyo ndlela-ke kuyehluka qualitatively kusukela ekwakhekeni nasekumeni komzimba, okuyinto iqoqo izinqubo ngabanye bokuphila. Brain kuthola sesaba ukuhlanganyela ezicini ezithile khona zangaphandle, ukwazi esihlanganisa idatha yobuchopho wonke ekukhulelweni avumelanayo emhlabeni. Mshini inezingxenye ezihlukene, lidinga ingqondo olulodwa, ukuze anikeze umsebenzi wakhe indlela ethile, ukucacisa imigomo kanye nezimpokophelo ezifanayo. Lokho ukwazi isibe isimiso sokwenza abantu babe munye, imfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ubunye ukuphila engqondo. Ngaphandle lobu bunye kwengqondo yethu kungaba isizumbulu nakho, unconnected, ngokuqinisekile lokho uhlukanise ubuntu bethu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sibona ukuthi kuyinto into ephelele ezingokomoya, subordinated ukuba intando olulodwa futhi isizathu. "Ukuphila Psychic, - uthe SL Frank - awuwona ngempela umshini noma eziyinkimbinkimbi ahlukene imihlola engqondo ukuthi izinqubo. Kuyinto, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye eyinhloko ubunye indecomposable. "

Ngokwe dualists, ubuchopho bomuntu akuyona uhlelo self-elawula futhi udinga ukuba essence ongeyona inyama yomsebenzi, ukuqinisekisa ubunye umsebenzi wakhe. Kuyinto ngiyabonga kulabo imisebenzi ukuthi ngokuyisisekelo ukwazi nokuphila kwethu kwengqondo lonke ziyavumelana. Uprofesa wezokusebenza kwengqondo e-McDougall wabhala ngokuphathelene nalokhu: "Iqiniso ubuntu ngemilingo ... .. akukwazi waqonda .... ngaphandle postulating nsuku ubunye, engesiyo kulomzimba noma ubuchopho. " IsiZulu kwezinzwa Charles Sherrington ezihlokweni lakhe amangalelwe ukuthi "Isimiso ngemilingo" elisemandleni ngaphandle kwethu, oyenza izindlela ingqondo. Inhloko yoMnyango Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania Eisley ukholelwa ukuthi "isici engokomoya okufanele bahole ukwakhiwa zobuchopho." Ngokwemvelo, esekelwe izinsolo ezifanayo zemizimba yesayensi, kungenzeka ukuba ukufakazela ukuba khona kwamandla superphysical umphefumulo theory, ngaphandle lapho ungubani eliphelele wakhulelwa. Okungenani, nososayensi, uyaqaphela noma ngokungazi, wafinyelela kuleso siphetho. Umcwaningi wase-Australia emkhakheni neurophysiology Kyubi lisho ukuba khona umoya angaphatheki yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ukwazi ukucabanga. Akwaziwa ngesikhathi usosayensi-vitalist, uProfesa Driesch, ethi: "i-ejenti abalulekile ukwakheka komzimba - lokhu akulona ejenti esebenza esikhaleni nokuba yekucala e izinhlayiya ndaba kuthiwa ejenti ezisebenza emkhathini, uma uvunyelwe adliwe le nkulumo nakuba. " Uma lezi "ejenti" oludonsa kukhona ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle ezisizungezile zemvelo, esimweni sokufa, nabo baye emkhathini, okuyinto empeleni ubufakazi ukungafi umoya. UProfesa McDougall futhi kubonisa ezinye isimo esingokomoya esihlanganisa abangenalo izici ngekwendzawo kodwa, nokho, ine ithonya ngalolu daba.

Abasekeli welithi "immateriality ukwazi" cela physiologists, "kanjani asibonise, ukwazi kungenziwa eyenziwe kobuchopho nenyongo, isibonelo, isibindi?" Ngokombono wabo, akulungile ukubiza impahla ubuchopho akuqaphelayo. Ngo kulomhlaba yonke into ine impahla: umbala, iphunga, ukuma. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imicabango yethu abanalo umbala, akukho ukuma, akukho nephunga. Babecabanga akamthinti, azikwazi ukuthinta isisindo sabo noma ukuhogela. Ukucabanga nje ngakho, ngokuvumelana A.Menya, 'akunakwenzeka uma befuna ukuthatha up "noma ukubhalisa okuqukethwe kwayo usebenzisa kunoma iyiphi idivayisi. Ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa Bheka amandla angakwazi ukubhalisa oscillations ekhiqizwa ubuchopho. Nokho, usebenzisa akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi 'bangamphendula flash ukwazi. " esithweni agesi kubangelwa umsebenzi ubuchopho, kuyinqubo bokuphila, futhi ukuhamba ngengqondo kuyinqubo yinto ehlukile. Ngakho, kunoma iyiphi idivayisi ye yesimanje super-enamandla, uyakwazi ukungena ngisho ezweni ongabonakali zishintshe, akunakwenzeka "catch" umbono, ukubona inqubo kokuzalwa kwakhe, ukuchaza isakhiwo yokucabanga. Mayelana ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento ukucabanga kwethu cognition esebenzisa izindlela zemvelo uthi sezinzwa American P. Bailey, ababethi ngesikhathi ukuthi "asinalungelo ukuhlola psyche esebenzisa izitho zomzimba." Umbono ofanayo oluphethwe nezinye kwezinzwa Charles Sherrington. usosayensi oyiNgisi Kyubi babekholelwa ukuthi ukwazi kuyinto Abstraction futhi alikwazi into yesayensi. "