Ukuhlukaniswa komthetho emthethweni kazwelonke kanye nomthetho wamazwe omhlaba

Izinhlinzeko eziyinhloko zomthetho wezomthetho, okuyizigaba eziyisisekelo kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwezomthetho, kuthiwa yizimiso zomthetho. Ngokusemthethweni, le mikhuba ihlelwe ezenzweni zikahulumeni ezikhethekile noma izivumelwano ezingezansi zikahulumeni, zichaza ububanzi nemingcele yokuziphatha futhi ngokuvamile zibophezela. Kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwemithetho yomthetho, okuyinto, ngokulula, ehlukanisa ibe yizinhlobo futhi kusiza ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lo mthetho olunikeziwe oluphathelene nalo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo. Ngaphakathi kwawo, banezici ezithile, ngokwalezi zimiso ezihlukaniswe ngazo. Ngakho-ke, imithetho yomthetho, izinhlobo kanye nezigaba zomthetho wezinhlinzeko zomthetho zingahlukaniswa ngezindlela zabo, imisebenzi kanye nobubanzi bawo. Isibonelo, izindlela kanye nobubanzi bokubusa komthetho kungahlukaniswa kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lobuhlobo obusemthethweni olulawulwayo. Noma yimuphi umthetho - ohulumeni, olwaphulo mthetho, ophethe, owomthethosisekelo nokunye, unamasiko awo. Uma sithatha njengesisekelo ukuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi yalezi zinkambiso, sibona ukuthi izinhlinzeko zomthetho kanye nezigaba zilawula - okungukuthi, lezo ezivumela okuthile, ukuvimbela noma ukunikeza amandla, ukuvikela, nokubhekisela kwezinye izimboni ezithile noma izimo ezikhethekile , Kanye nokuchaza imigomo noma imisebenzi yezitho ezihlukahlukene.

Ukwehlukaniswa kwemithetho yomthetho kungokwemvelo futhi kujwayelekile. Kuyisici somqondo we-positivist womthetho. Ukuqhubekela phambili kulolu hlobo lwama-typology, izinqubo zokulawula zikhethwa ukuze zicacise ukuthi yimaphi amalungelo nemisebenzi ekhona kolunye uhlobo noma olunye uhlobo lobuhlobo obungokomthetho phakathi kwezihloko, amaqembu abo, noma izihloko nezinhlaka zombuso, ngakho-ke, kuhloswe ekunqumeni ukujwayelekile. Izindinganiso zokuphepha zabiwe ukuze ziveze ukuphambene nokujwayelekile, amacala, ukumisa noma ukuzivimbela futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ukuvikela amazinga okuqala, okulawulayo. Njengomthetho, ziqukethe izinto zokuphoqelela nokuzibophezela. Izinkambiso ezikhethekile ziyasiza, zikhonza izinkambiso, ezihambisana zombili, uma kubalulekile ukunquma ngokunembile lokhu noma lelo gama, okukhethekile, isibonelo, isimo esiphuthumayo siqala, futhi nalapho kuvela impikiswano esemthethweni lapho ezinye izinkambiso ziphikisana nabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ndaba yokugcina, njengombuso, isimiso esinjalo sisebenza ukuthi umthetho wokubusa ophakeme uchithe umthetho we-oda elingaphansi, futhi umthetho okhethekile ukhipha umthetho jikelele.

Ukuhlukaniswa komthetho emkhakheni wezwe jikelele kuhlukile. Okokuqala, ziyahlukahluka. Kunemigomo yendawo yonke, yonke imithetho edingekayo kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu e-UN, futhi abophezela bonke. Lezi zimiso zomhlaba jikelele ezihlonishwayo, izinhlinzeko zoMthethosivivinywa weZizwe Ezihlangene Amalungelo Abantu nokunye. Imigomo yesifunda ichaza ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe emingcele ethile yezindawo, kanye nemigomo ethile - kuye ngokuvumelana nezivumelwano zomhlaba wonke noma eziningi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemithetho yomthetho kule ndawo kungathatha futhi njengesisekelo amandla esenzo somthetho. Ngakho-ke, izinkambiso eziphoqelekile ziyanqunywa, ngoba ziphathelene nezithakazelo zazo zonke amazwe, futhi ukwephula kwabo kungalimaza abaningi abathi. Ukwehlukana komthetho onjalo akuvunyelwe, futhi noma yiziphi izivumelwano ezenziwe ngokuphula imithetho enjalo zibhekwa njengezingavumelekile. Imithetho efanayo engacabangi ithatha ukuthi izwe lingakwazi ukuhoxisa kulokho kuvamile ngokunikela ngokhetho. Kodwa uma lokhu kungenziwanga, isimiso esilahlekile sinesibopho sokubulawa.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemigomo yomthetho wamazwe omhlaba, kunezici ezibonakalayo ezisezingeni lokuhlukanisa emkhakheni wanoma yimuphi umthetho - okungukuthi, le mikhuba ingabuye ihlukaniswe ngokwemisebenzi kanye nezindlela zokulawula. Kodwa okushiwo umthetho wamazwe omhlaba ukuthi imikhuba yawo ingahlukaniswa ngokwemihlobo yokukhuluma (isibonelo, equkethwe ezinkonzweni zomhlaba wonke kanye nezinqumo zezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe nezimboni), kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza (okungukuthi, ukwenza isikhathi esithile, noma kuze kube nini nanini ). Emthethweni wamazwe ngamazwe kunemigomo ekhonjiswayo enganikeza amandla angokomthetho izinhlinzeko zokunconywa kwezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene ezazingekho isibopho esidlule.