I-Nanotechnology ekhaya futhi umkhakha

Nsuku zonke senza zokusondelana inguquko akunakugwenywa, athwala nanotechnology. Sakha amathuluzi amasha, sithola izinto eliyingqayizivele, ezingalotshwanga wacabanga ngaphambili. Ukusetshenziswa nanotechnology ekuphileni kwansuku zonke nesandla ekushintsheni ukuma izinto evamile kithi. Ngenxa yalokho, saba ezihlukene kakhulu, kodwa izakhiwo ezuzisayo ketshezi. Iqiniso elisizungezile kuba yingozi kangako futhi evumayo kakhulu ukuphila okunethezekile. Isibonelo engokomfanekiso: wokwehla Ubukhulu evamile amadivaysi kagesi yobukhulu nanoparticle, ayibonakali iso womuntu. Ezamakhompiyutha uthola amancane ngosayizi, kodwa ithele kakhulu. I-Nanotechnology ekhaya futhi umkhakha baye kakhulu washintsha asizombelezileko.

Kungenzeka yini ukwakha uhlobo intelligence yokufakelwa ezingase ukwanelisa zonke izidingo zethu? Impendulo itholakala ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo ngentuthuko yakamuva. I-Nanotechnology - indlela esizayo, njengoba kuthinta zonke izici zokuphila kwethu. Ukusebenzisa i-nanotechnology kusinikeza amathuba amaningi, kodwa futhi uvusa eziningi ukukhathazeka.

Ifasitela nanoworld

Microscope electron ivumela siqonde ngezinga elithile sekuba yinto enkulu. Ngaphandle ekhethekile imishini nanotechnology ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ngokushesha ukuthi kunzima kakhulu, ngoba mancane kangangokuthi izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Kwaba abaningi kangaka izinto isikali ebonisa izakhiwo engavamile kakhulu futhi ezingalindelekile. Ukusetshenziswa izakhiwo ezinjalo uthembisa intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe esiyingqayizivele. Bona ukunikeza izici ngokuphelele entsha, ezifana umzimba ukulawula kanye nemvelo.

Umlando ukuvela nanotechnology

Konke kuqala 80s kwekhulu XX lo mshini ithuluzi okuthiwa ngesibonakhulu ukuskena mhubhe (STM). Uprofesa wase-University of California Dzheyms Dzhimzevsky wachitha konke ukuphila kwakhe professional emhlabeni we-nanoscale. Ungomunye wabantu bokuqala emhlabeni abamukele ithuba uphenyo ngalolu daba ngesikhathi izinto eziningi ezincane kakhulu, ingxenye eyodwa kweziyisigidi milimitha. Lezi nangezibonakhulu asivumela ukufunda ebusweni, njengoba nje impumputhe ukufunda Braille. Khona-ke akekho ozokwazi usola nanotechnology indlela ewusizo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke futhi umkhakha.

Isimiso esebenza nanoparticles

A ukuskena Uphenyo isibonakhulu isebenzisa emelela inalithi athomu elilodwa obukhulu. Lapho eya kuphela nanometer ambalwa isampula, ama-electron umklomelo ne nanoparticle eliseduze. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi emhubheni umphumela. Uhlelo lokulawula kuthola ushintsho lwamanje mhubhe, futhi manje ngesisekelo lolu lwazi ukwakhiwa olunembe kakhudlwana sendawo isampula ebusweni. Isofthiwe ikuvumela ukuguqula idatha ku isithombe, onikeza ososayensi isihluthulelo sezwe elisha usebenzisa i-nanotechnology ekhaya kanye nezinye izimboni.

Ngokusho Dzheyms Dzhimzevsky ngokusebenzisa isibonakhulu ukuskena electron, ososayensi baqala isithombe sama-athomu nezinhlayiyana ezincane futhi sakwazi-ke ukufunda isimo sabo. Kwakuyisikhathi revolution yangempela isayensi, ngoba ososayensi baye baqala ukubheka izinto eziningi ngendlela ehluke, benze kunakwe izakhiwo zama-athomu ngabanye, hhayi yizigidi zezigidigidi izinhlayiya, njengoba kwakunjalo esikhathini esidlule.

Ukuvulwa lokuqala

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kuye kwaholela kwatholakala into emangalisayo. Lapho iyunithi wasondela athomu at ibanga 1 i-nanometer, phakathi kwaso ubuhlobo athomu. Lesi sici inikwe amandla ukuthola indlela ukuhambisa microparticles ngabanye. Ngenxa yalesi kokutholakala ikhono lokusebenzisa i-nanotechnology ngoba ukuphila okunethezekile.

Njengoba sachaza Dzheyms Dzhimzevsky, uprofesa wase-University of California, ukuskena mhubhe isibonakhulu ukuvumele cishe uthinte molecule ama-athomu. Ososayensi baye okokuqala bakwazi ukulawula ama-athomu phezu yendwangu bese udala uhlaka ukuthi ngaphambili ayikwazanga wacabanga.

Lokhu ayesanda kuluthola ukutholakala (ikhono uzigcine futhi lokuxhaphaza ezinhlayiyeni ezincane ezakha ndaba) kwenza ukuba usebenzise i-nanotechnology kuyo yonke imikhakha ngaphandle kokukhetha.

Ukuthuthukiswa nanotechnology

Zemvelo sefilosofi Etin Wedge ukholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ngezithukuthuku ye-nanotechnology inkulu ngempela, kodwa lokhu ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe entshisekweni usosayensi othile. Njengoba physics sefilosofi Etin Wedge, kusukela isiqinisekiso yokulinga khona ngama-athomu baze bathole amathuba lokuxhaphaza kwathatha iminyaka engaphansi kuka-100. Ngaphambi ososayensi bethola lamathuba, elalikade wahluleka ucabange. ngiyabonga kuphela lo hulumeni wonke amazwe athuthukile waqala ukuba nesithakazelo emkhakheni wesayensi efanele. Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi isinyathelo American e 2002, zazo ezazenziwe Rock Physics ne Benbridge. Lezi ososayensi necebo umbono crazy ukuthi sibonga nanotechnology esintwini uzokwazi ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga ezibhekene it.

Lesi simemezelo kwaba Umfutho ekuqaleni izifundo eziningi, kuzokuvumela ukuba uqaphele ezindaweni ezifana eziphambili ngesayensi nobuchwepheshe njengoba Microelectronics, computer science, zenuzi ucwaningo amandla, i-microbiology, laser ubuchwepheshe, imithi kanye ngaphezulu.

I-Nanotechnology: izibonelo

Ekuphileni kuphinde izinto eziningi kangaka ezicashile kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu kabani khona singazi ngisho usola! Ake sibheke izibonelo yesiteleka kakhulu:

• amafoni Modern. Ngokusetshenziswa nanotechnology nethuba ukuhlomisa Smartphones, iPhone namanye amadivayisi nge nemishini ekhethekile yokuthungatha ukuthi ukukhonza ukuvikela indima. Ngisho ne ephukile ingilazi microchip okugcina ukwaziswa abelokhu musa ziyeke ukusebenza.

• Wokuxubha. Ngaphambili, akekho wacabanga mayelana nokuthi kungani cleanser ngoba amazinyo lihlukile. Konke lokhu kube ngenxa yokubakhona nanoparticles ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-calcium hydroxyapatite, okungabonakali ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama, kusiza ukubuyisela koqweqwe lwawo, ubhubhe ukuvikela amazinyo ukuba kungonakali.

• Plasters. I-Nanotechnology ekuphileni kwansuku zonke zitholakala izinto eziningi ezingalindelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ejwayelekile band zokwelapha. It has nanolayer esiliva egqugquzela ukuphulukisa ngokushesha futhi izakhiwo elwa namagciwane.

• Penda izimoto. upende Modern yezimoto, sibonga nanoparticles, bayakwazi ukuvimba imihuzuko okuncane nezinye izimbotshana kwakhiwa emzimbeni. It sakhiwa lobuhlalu ezincane, okunikeza lo mphumela.