Belovezhskoe sivumelwano, noma izwe ukuthi silahlekelwe

esikhundleni isingeniso

Umongameli wamanje we Russian Federation uVladimir Putin ngokuthi le kokuwa kweSoviet Union iphutha enkulu geopolitical kwekhulu lama-20. Belovezhskaya sivumelwano, futhi, ngenxa-ke, ukwakheka CIS abakwazanga ukukulungisa.

Imbangela nomphumela

Umlando ikufakazele ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unamandla kangakanani noma oyedwa noma omunye umbuso, yena kudlula ezigabeni ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuzalwa, vuka yokuqothulwa. It yayiphumula futhi imibuso emikhulu kwekhulu lama-20 - eSoviet Union. Wazalelwa ubhekene onegazi revolution futhi impi yombango, badabula isihluku collectivization nendlala, ukuqothulwa kohlanga repressions kukaStalin, kokubhubhisa Imininingwane nosizi, owanqoba esibi kunazo ngesikhathi empini - neMpi Yezwe II, yaphenduka incithakalo, efana Phoenix ukhuphuka uvela umlotha, kanye wayengumuntu sondo ngezinyawo ngobumba, yazalelwa ngaphansi komthetho jikelele of genesis futhi waphula engu-21 edlule.

Ukuze sehlo kwadingeka izimo zawo ezingathí sina, futhi omunye main - mncintiswano okuphikelelayo eU.SSR US, eMoscow naseWashington.

Phakathi "impi yomshoshaphansi" ne West owazi ngokwami iqiniso omunye: eSoviet Union ayikwazi egqilazwe indlela lempi, kungaba kuphela ukubhodloza izindleko, futhi lokuthola engcono umbimbi ngaphakathi i-USSR. Ngempela, bathola - lapho sibhekene abanye abaholi Union republic.

imigomo West yayicacile kakhulu. Kodwa yini le esuse izinhloko ohulumeni ehlukile "republic-nodadewabo?" Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, isimiso eziyihlazo elisencwadini yasendulo "uhlukanise futhi umthetho". Yebo, bona wadinwa ukuba ilawulwe induna Centre - eMoscow wayefuna ukuba ababusi izigodi zabo siqu, ukuphila "nice khulula", njengoba wakhuthaza Melika.

Wafohla ukuze amandla RSFSR Boris Yeltsin wayefuna ukuba inhloko yezwe ngempela. imigomo efanayo amazisayo abaholi enethonya elikhulu nezinye izifunda. Kodwa abazange kukhanye nemibandela khona izindawo zaseSoviet Union. Kwakukhona elilodwa kuphela - ukwenza isivumelwano ukuqeda ubuqotho ezweni, ikakhulukazi uMthethosisekelo Soviet, esenziwa ngo-1977, ngo-Okthoba 7, republic ngasinye kubhekwe lelitimele futhi wayenelungelo lokwenqaba ngokukhululekile secede kusukela i-USSR.

Wokulwela ...?

UMongameli Gorbachev ezama ukuvimba ukuwa Union, ukulondoloza ubunye isimo. Kuze kube yimanje sasiqhutshelwa inhlolovo Zonke-Union ngo-March 17 ka-1991, lapho iningi lezakhamuzi uvotela ukulondolozwa yezwe labo. On the th-August 91 20 Kwakuhlelwe basayine Union iSivumelwano entsha. Kodwa kwathiwa aphazamisa yi kombuso, eyagcina yaziwa ngokuthi iKomidi eziphuthumayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, 24 August 1991 Ukraine ubamukela Declaration of Independence. Disemba 1 Ukraine, kanye kanye wokhetho lobumengameli, aphethwe inhlolovo kwi ukuzimela Ukraine ababevela eRussia nakwamanye republic. Umbuzo oyinhloko ukuthi ubekwe ngokwanele convoluted ukudida abantu abenza engawehlukanisi butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela imidlalo zezombusazwe futhi ukwakhiwa. Ngoba u-90% abavoti babesekela umbono wokuba ukuzimela, ikakhulu endabeni okukhulunywe kulondolozwe ubuhlobo ahlangene ne-republic wangaphambili. Ekulungiseleleni inhlolovo ububanzi inkulumo-ze umkhankaso ubuzwe ke kwenziwa, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto lancipha mqondo-kunxusa: "Yeka ukusuthisa eMoscow" Uma sithathe idokhumenti eziyingqayizivele leyo minyaka - inkulumo-ze amapheshana wakhipha mahhala ezitaladini izikhungo enabantu Ukraine, funda ngokoqobo. Ukusingatha ekhasini lokuqala, zibhalwe ngomshini ngosonhlamvukazi, kanye Ithebula elingezansi ngombhalo:

"Izakhamuzi Ukraine, ngeke bavume ukukhohliswa! Ukukhiqizwa kwemali nendawo yase-Ukraine phakathi amazwe amaningi emhlabeni ngamunye ... "ethebuleni ubonisa ukuthi Ukraine esibalwa 1st ngu ndawo, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu-eJalimane, eJapane, Britain, ukuthi isizinda ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, kuhlanganise nsimbi, steel ukukhiqizwa futhi 1-2 izindawo phakathi lezi lithi ukukhiqizwa kokudla, kuhlanganise isinkwa, inyama nemikhiqizo yalo e-Ukraine izikhathi eziningana ephakeme kunaleyo emazweni efanayo. Lamapheshana sengathi Ukraine - isimo abacebe ezingaba khona ngokwalo, ukondla uqobo futhi asinikeze konke kunesidingo sokuba ukusebenza okugcwele. Futhi base-Ukraine asiphili okwanelisayo nokujabulisayo nje ngoba elisusa zonke eRussia eMoscow, njengomuntu umzokwe giant wanamathela umzimba kwabantu futhi sucks wokugcina: "Ukraine ukhiqiza, Union nokuthengiswa, lwemali - kuthatha eMoscow. Thina futhi izingane zethu kokushiya ezinkingeni ezinkulu zezimali, ukonakala zofuzo kanye nosizi. " Khona-ke, ngolimi Ukraine baya uhlu lwemibuzo, okuyinto Kusolwa ukuthi amaKhomanisi, endikimba Union ezibanjwa ukweba nhlobo, iningi labo intshontshiwe siqukethe amafa e-Ukraine, engcolisa komthetho baphishekele luyingxenye izithakazelo zabo lobugebengu, ngaphandle ophathelene nanoma yisiphi umthetho, futhi lokhu kuhlupheka abantu, okokuqala kunakho konke - Ukraine. Ngagcina le "ubuciko" abasanda kubuthwa isikhalo esikhulu: "Isakhamuzi Ukraine, kungakhathaliseki ubuzwe babo noma party sokusebenzisana! CABANGA NGAPHAMBI inhlolovo evimbela thina CENTRE: Ingabe udinga ESIHLONGOZWAYO SSR OLUBUKEZIWE "?

Leyo mikhankaso Kwakuseshwa namanye ama-republic. Abantu bafundiswa ukuthi zonke izindlela uthatha eRussia, futhi ngaphandle luyofika ngenkathi ngobuningi, kokubili e-West. Ngakho ukuba icebo, okwaphumela ekubhubhiseni eU.SSR Belovezhskoe sivumelwano.

Waqaphela for ezintathu ...

Ngakho, umhlangano izinhloko eRussia, Ukraine kanye Belarus - Boris Yeltsin, Kravchuk futhi Shushkevich - agcinwe kule Bialowieza Ihlathi, sokuhlala "Viskuli". Kwaba kukhona ukuthi Disemba 8 kwaba basayine izivumelwano mlando Belavezha 91 th nyaka, imibhalo, owawuthi eSoviet Union yaphela, futhi esikhundleni kwakhiwa Commonwealth of Independent States - CIS. Kuye kamuva belekelelwa republic aseSoviet 9.

Lokho Belovezhskoe sivumelwano uhlukile emvelweni yayo lobugebengu, kanye ngesakhiwo langempela, wathi yokuthi ngemuva kokungena ngemvume wonke amadokhumenti bakhi ngokushesha ngokuthi inhloko-US uGeorge HW Bush, futhi umbiko wephephandaba "impumelelo" yabo. Ngakho ukukhuluma, siye labika umsebenzi ngempumelelo kwenziwa.

Futhi uMikhail Gorbachev, umongameli Soviet, wafunda ngalesi sigameko ngosuku olulandelayo. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ngo-December 25 ngo-1991, Gorbachev muva wakhuluma ikheli isiqephu ukuba abantu baseSoviet njengoba umengameli. Yena wakhetha ukuliyeka amandla akhe kamongameli futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho idluliselwe isikhwama esincane zenuzi, futhi nalo lonke ukulawula amandla enuzi, uMongameli Russian Boris Yeltsin.

Kusihlwa ngo-December 25, abaningi ithelevishini emhlabeni zazisakazwa zisuka e-Moscow mayelana emcimbini ukuqaliswa ngesikhathi ezibiyele USSR ifulege futhi ephakamisa esikhundleni sohlelo tricolor Russian. Ngakho, i-ngobukhulu, izwe enamandla emhlabeni libhujisiwe ngaphandle uhlwayi olulodwa. Isifiso sokuba izinto amandla sasinamandla ngaphezu ingqondo futhi izinkolelo yokushisekela izwe.

Efingqa

Yini wanika nabantu baseNineve, ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union nokuwa ukudalwa CIS? Alas ... Ngaleso sikhathi, kokubili eYurophu kusulwe imingcele, wakhula waba namandla e-European Union, owethulwa visa-free umbuso futhi ukwakha isikhala ezivamile kwezomnotho ngaphakathi ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union yaqala ukubonakala umngcele okuqinile kanye namasiko. Wabulala eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezomnotho omkhulu owodwa kazwelonke. Inkinga yokungabi umthelela 90 sika inhlalakahle izakhamuzi zonke republic, ezisukela kwemtfombo ocebile eRussia, Ukraine zezimboni, futhi kuya Moldova ezincane abampofu, ezifana Tajikistan nabanye. Izwe ngalinye abasha baqala ukuthuthukisa isinqumo elite ayo ngobuciko ukuqagela umbuzo kazwelonke, ubhebhezela umbango nemibango, nangaphansi le khava futhi kwenza "prihvatiziruyuschaya" yangaphambili isimo impahla. lombhalo Uzalwa oligarchs, echuma manje. Abantu wazithola balahleke ohlangothini ukuphila futhi udonse aphume khona esidabukisayo iminyaka engu-21. Futhi win ngokungangabazeki Belovezhskoe sivumelwano kuphela West.