Ukuqhathaniswa kwamathangi aseRussia nase-United States. Iziphi amathangi ezisenkonzweni ne-US neRussia?

Namuhla, ngokuphindaphinda kaningi umuntu uyakwazi ukuzwa izingxoxo mayelana namandla amakhulu ezempi zamandla amakhulu amabili: iRussia ne-United States. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezintweni ezinzima, ezifana namathangi nezibhamu ezizimele. Isibonelo, abantu abaningi babheka ukuthi u-Abrahama uyena ongcono kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa lapha ungacabangi isiJalimane esifanayo "Leopard 2A7", kanye ne-Russian T-90. Ake senze ukuqhathaniswa okuncane kwamathangi aseRussia nase-United States futhi sizobona ukuthi ubani ophumelele kulokhu, futhi ngubani okumele abukeze kabusha izikhali zabo.

Olunye ulwazi jikelele

Singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi amathangi we-T-90 no-M1A1, abrams abanjalo, abamelele abameleli besakhiwo seTranski naseNtshonalanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umklamo kanye nemibono yezobuchwepheshe zihluke kakhulu. Isibonelo, i- "Abrams" ne "Panther 2A7" iyaqhathaniswa ngokungenangqondo, ngoba cishe ayifani. Ngesinye isimo ngesimo se-T-90.

I-T-72 ingabizwa ngokuthi yi-predecessor T-90, lesi sichibiyelo sishintshe ngokujulile kokuqala. Isikhali esikhulu siyisibhamu se-125-mm smoothbore. Ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa, ukulondeka kwanda ngo-300%. Kwakukhona izikhali ezinamandla ezinamandla futhi ezinamandla, kanye nokuvikelwa okunamandla. Konke lokhu kwafakwa kuthengi ngaphandle kokwandisa kakhulu isisindo salokhu okulandelayo.

Ungasho ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwe-T-90 kuncane kakhulu. Lokhu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhle, ngakolunye-cha, cha, esizokhuluma ngakho ngemuva kwesikhathi esincane. Ngemuva kokuba baqale ukukhiqiza imibhoshongo ehlungelwe, amathuba okwandisa izikhali ayenyuka. Ngokuqondene nesitshalo samandla, iyinjini ye-diesel V92S2.

Ekhuluma ngesakhiwo, ukuphakama kwayo okukhulu kwenza kube lula ukwenza imoto nge-silhouette ephansi nezikhali ezihle. Kule nkinga, indawo yezingxenye zesikhathi eside nesiphambano sincane. Ukungahleleki kwalolu lungiselelo ukuthi ingxenye engavunyelwe yezikhali itholakala endaweni engavinjelwe itangi. Lokhu kwenza ukulwa okubhekiswe ikakhulukazi ekubhekaneni nesibhamu sezitha.

Ngokufushane mayelana ne-M1A1

Asikwazi ukusho amazwi ambalwa nge-American "Abrams". Lo mshini ubambe iqhaza ezinkingeni eziningi zokulwa emhlabeni jikelele futhi uzibonakalise kahle. Izembatho eziqinile, ama-dynamics amahle, ukushisa umlilo okuthakazelisayo nezindlela zanamuhla zokuqondisa nokuxhumana. Yingakho amasosha aseMelika ayethanda iM1A1.

Ku-"Abrams", kungakhathaliseki ukuguqulwa, i-cannon ngcono ye-German cannon Rh-120 (M256) ifakiwe. Imoto yokulwa yase-US idume ngezikhali zayo ezinhle kakhulu, eziqukethe amapuleti amaningi. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuhle kakhulu ekusebenzeni nokuthi ngabe kudlulele ukuvikelwa kwe-T-90, sizobhekana nayo kancane kancane.

Ngokuphathelene nokuhlelwa, ngokusho kwalesi parameter, "Abrams" ayifani kakhulu nabalingani bayo basentshonalanga. Isibonelo, ivolumu ebhaliswe cishe ngamamitha ayi-cubic angu-20. Ngesikhathi se-T-90 lesi sibonakaliso singaphansi kokuphindwe kabili. Isici esiyinhloko se-M1A1, kanye nenzuzo, ukubekwa kwekithi yokulwa. Amagobolondo afakwa embhoshongweni nomzimba ngokwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezigcawu zokugwedla. Ukunciphisa isinqumo esinjalo ukuthi zonke izinhlamvu zikhona embhoshongweni, futhi yizona ezisengozini kakhulu ekugubungeleni i-shelling.

Uma siqhathanisa amathangi aseRussia nase-United States ngesitshalo samandla, khona-ke amandla enjini ayalingana. Noma kunjalo, umshini waseMelika unenjini ye-turbine injini, ene-fuel consumption enkulu kune-diesel yaseRussia.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwamathuluzi okulawula umlilo nokulawula umlilo

I-M1A1 ne-M1A2 enesibhamu se-120-mm smoothbore. Isivinini sokuqala se-projectile singama-1625 m / s, futhi izinga lomlilo liwu-8 nxazonke ngomzuzu. Kulesi simo, izinga lomlilo ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingenasisindo, kunciphise kakhulu. Lezi zinhlamvu ziqukethe izimboni ezincane zokubhoboza izikhali. Ngokuvamile lezi zinhlobo zamabhomu eziningana, isibonelo, i-M829A1, i-M829A2, i-M829A3. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, i-M1A1 ne-M1A2 zinikezwa ngamagobolondo amasha we-M829A3, okuyingozi kakhulu eRussia T-90. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuyi-tank yase-United States ethembisa ngezikhali ezinamandla. Kodwa ake sibone ukuthi yini eyalungiswa abakhiqizi baseRashiya nabanjiniyela.

I-T-90 ihlomile ngesibhamu se-125 mm smoothbore. Isivinini sokuqala sezindiza ze-projectile singamamitha angu-1750 ngomzuzwana, okuyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu kuneli-Abrams. Izinhlamvu zezingxenye eziningi zinezikhali zokubhoboza izikhali ezingaphansi kwe-1980s. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kungashiwo ukuthi ngokwezingalo zokungena kwezembatho, ama-shells aseRussia ahlehlile emuva, ngakho-ke kufanele athathe indawo entsha. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukushintsha izinhlamvu ezintsha, ngoba kunemikhawulo yedivaysi yokulayisha okuzenzakalelayo eduze nobude be-projectiles efakiwe. Izinga lomlilo liyi-8 nxazonke ngomzuzu. Esikhathini ukuhamba - cishe 6 shots. Esinye isici se-T-90 sino-arsenal KUV "Reflex-M". Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukubhebhethekisa umlilo emkhatsini wamakhilomitha amathathu, okuphindwe kabili ngaphezu kwendawo yokubhujiswa kwamanye amathangi anamuhla. "I-Reflex-M" ikuvumela ukuba unqobe ukulwa kwe-T-90 ngisho nangaphambi kokungena endaweni efanele yomlilo.

Uhlelo lokulawula umlilo T-90

Ku-T-90, i-SAM ifakwe ngelanga kanye nenkimbinkimbi yokubona ebusuku. Ukubukwa kwamasuku kunesimo sokuzimela esizimele ngezindiza ezimbili. Lokhu kuvumela isibhamu ukuba sisebenze ngokuphumelelayo. Isiyinkimbinkimbi sokubona ebusuku sinokusimama okuthembekile phakathi kwezindiza ezimbili. Ukungalungi kweso simiso sokulawula umlilo ukuthi kunzima ukulandelela nokushisa ebusuku ebusuku ekubhekisweni kwezinhloso. Ukuguqulwa kwe-T-90S ifakwe ngombono ophuthumayo wokubona "u-Essa", okukuvumela ukuba ulandelele ngokuphumelelayo nangomlilo ekuhlosweni ebumnyameni.

Uma siqhathanisa amathangi angamanje ase-USA naseRussia (Abrams no-T-90), lesi sigaba sihluke ngokuthi sinama-adders nama-angle sensors. Lezi zixhobo zihlotshaniswa ne-axis eqondile futhi enezingqimba zesikhulumi kanye ne-mirror reflector. Lesi sixazululo sikuvumela ukuba uhlanganise umsebenzi wezinto ezimbili ezizimele eziyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlosisa. Okubalulekile ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele amakhono wezobuchwepheshe ngamunye wabo. Izilungisi ezimbili ziphakanyisiwe. Okokuqala kuhloswe ukuqeda amaphutha ekuvumelaneni kokulandelela inkimbinkimbi yokubona, okungenxa yokungalungi kokufakwa. Owesibini uqeda iphutha ekufakeni izindlela zokudlulisela. Omunye umehluko omkhulu ovela ku-Abrams wukuthi umlawuli we-T-90 unamandla okushisa emigodini yomhlabathi kanye nomoya kusuka esitokisini somshini ozinzile.

Uhlelo lokulawula umlilo "Abrams"

I-tank entsha kunazo zonke yase-US M1A1 inomphumela owodwa ophawulekayo, osemandleni amkhawulwayo omlawuli ukuze athole isitshe. Lokhu kubonakala ngokukhethekile ngesikhathi kuhamba imoto. Kodwa iphutha lafunyanwa futhi laqedwa ekuguqulweni okulandelayo kwe-M1A2. Sekuvele kufakwe isithombe se-panoramic esishisayo. Kulesi simo, umlawuli angakwazi ukulandelela ngempumelelo futhi abone izinhloso ezihambelayo.

I-JMA e-tank ye-Abrams isesimanje kunanoma yi-T-90. I-gunner isebenza ngombono oyinhloko, onomfanekiso wezithombe ezishisayo nomtholi wezinhla. Ukwanda komzila wesiteshi ngu-x3 no-x10, ngokuqiniswa okuqondile. Kukhona nesibindi esisizayo sokubheka okungabikho ngaphandle kokuqiniswa. Ngokuvamile, uhlelo lokulawula umlilo ekuguqulweni kwe-M1A2 luyisimanje kakhulu. Ihlinzekela ukuba khona kwamakhamera okucabangela okushisa komlawuli nombhamu. Iqembu lixhomeke ngokuphelele ohlelweni lokulawula umlilo othomathikhi. I-unit control unit (ECU) ivumela ukuqiniswa kokuzimela okuzimele, ukushayela kokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi uma siqhathanisa amathangi aseRussia ne-NATO, khona-ke ukugcina ngokweJMA kuphumelele. Kodwa i-T-90 inqoba kakhulu emadolobheni amade.

Ekuvikeleni kwamathangi "Abrams" no-T-90

Vumelana, ukusebenza kahle kwezingqola kubambe iqhaza elikhulu ekusindeni kwetangi empini. Yingakho ukuphepha kufanele kuthathwe njengento ehlukile. I-t1 entsha ye-US iM1A2 inezinhlamvu ezinamandla kakhulu, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuphansi kakhulu kunalokho kwe-T-90. Isibonelo, umbhoshongo unamabhodlela ezensimbi ezensimbi ezinamahloni, phakathi kwezinto ezibekwe izikhali zokugqoka zensimbi nezakhi. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kwalokhu kuvikelwa kukwanele, kodwa ukumelana nokushaya kunciphisa kakhulu. Izinhlangothi zombhoshongo we-M1A2 nazo zisengozini kakhulu kune-T-90. Ochwepheshe bathi umbhoshongo we-tank waseMelika, nakuba uvikelekile, kodwa uyaphula kalula ngamagobolondo okubhoboza izikhali.

I-T-90 inezigqoko ze-turret ezisebenzayo. Yisimiso esingaphansi kwesithathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-angle of ingqondo yokuzibophezela izingxenye zangaphambili zombhoshongo ikuvumela ukuthi uyisebenzise ngempumelelo. Futhi, amathangi ezempi aseRussia, ikakhulukazi i-T-90, anesivikelo esinamandla sohlobo lwe "Contact-5". Ivikela emiphumeleni ye-accumulative and piercing-piercing-subcaliber projectiles. Ngenxa yokudala umfutho onamandla we-lateral, umgogodla uqothulwa, oholela ekubhujisweni ngisho nangaphambi kokuhlangana nezikhali eziyinhloko zethangi.

Iziphi iziphetho ezingadonselwa?

Isiphephelo esisebenza ngabasebenzi beTanki, kungcono ukuthi senze imisebenzi yaso yokusebenza. Yingakho njalo bezama ukuthuthukisa izikhali zangaphambili. Kusukela ku-Abrams no-T-90 kwakhiwa ngesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi, ukunakekelwa okuningi kwakhokhwa engxenyeni engaphambili yemoto yokulwa, okuyiyo ngempela ekuqhubeni kwempi endaweni ebusweni ebunzini ebunzini. Kodwa okwamanje kunamathuba aphezulu okulwa kwe-tank ezimweni zomuzi. Ngenxa yalokho, akusizi ngalutho ukushaya izikhali zangaphambili kuze kube ngu-800 mm obukhulu, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukubopha ngemuva noma ngasemuva. Ngokuvamile lapho ubukhulu bezembatho zingaphezulu kuka-100 mm.

Yingakho amathangi amakhulu aseRussia, kanye ne-United States, anezinhlangothi ezibuthakathaka. Noma kunjalo, phakathi kwezinzuzo ze-T-90 kungenzeka ukuthi ukubhujiswa okuhloswe kuzo kuqondiswa imikhosi ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ama-5, ukuhamba kahle, izinga eliphezulu lomlilo, izikhali ezinokwethenjelwa. Ngokuqondene "Abrams", ke akakho amaphuzu aqinile. Abantu baseMelika bayakwazisa abasebenzi babo, ngakho bahlale behlukanisa nabo kusukela esikebheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-M1A1 ne-M1A2 inegunya eliphezulu kakhulu nokusebenza okuhle, kanye nesistimu yokulawula umlilo omuhle kakhulu. Kodwa lokhu kuqhathaniswa kwamathangi aseRussia nase-United States akuphelelanga. Manje sizocubungula imishini embalwa yanamuhla. Lezi zithangi ziyakhiwa, kodwa sekuvele kwaziwa ukuthi zizoqaliswa kusuka kumthumeli maduzane.

Amathangi amasha aseRussia: "Armata"

Umshini wokulwa obuthakathaka "i-Armata" yakhelwe ukufaka esikhundleni se-T-72, T-80, futhi kancane kancane i-T-90. Ochwepheshe baqaphele ukuthi izinga lezempi-lobuchwepheshe "le-Armata" lizophakama ngama-20-30% kunabo bonke abafana emhlabeni. Izici eziyinhloko, noma kunalokho, umehluko wale tangi kusukela ku-T-90, yilokho abasebenzi, ama-fuel tank kanye nemishini yokulwa bayothunyelwa emakamelweni ahlukene. Lokhu kuzokwandisa ukusinda empini, ngisho nokungena kwezikhali. Iyunithi izobe ifakwe injini ye-horse 1200, ezohlinzeka ngokusebenza ngokwanele ngokulinganisa amathani angu-50.

Kungashiwo ukuthi isikhali esiyinhloko saseRussia ngamathangi, kanye nezibhamu ezizimele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bangaphezu kwamaMelika, ngo-20-35%. Kodwa-ke, ukusinda kwetheknoloji yonke kuphansi. Yingakho abathuthukisi bakhokhela ngokukhethekile ukuvikelwa kwe "Armata". Leli "ikhekhe" elinama-multi-layer elihlanganisa izitshalo zensimbi, i-ceramic ne-composite. Ukusebenzisa ibanga elisha lensimbi kwavunyelwa ukwandisa izici ze-armor ngo-15% futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunciphisa isisindo semoto ngesilinganiso esifanayo. "I-Armata" izobe ifakwe isibhamu esingama-125-mm, esifana nesikhali saseJalimane i-L-55, kodwa siphakeme kakhulu kunezici zayo zobuchwepheshe ngo-20%. Izikhali ezikhethekile zokungena okukhulayo zenzelwe isibhamu esinjalo.

Ngakho sahlola amathangi amasha aseRussia. "I-Armata" no-T-90 yizona ezihamba phambili kuzo. Futhi manje-mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-US okuthembisayo kakhulu.

Amathangi angamanje ase-USA: ukuthuthukiswa kombono

Okwamanje, abaseMelika abakhiqiza amathangi amasha. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, bahlanganyele esimeni sesimanje se-M1A1 ne-M1A2. Yiqiniso, kunezimo ezenzekayo kwezinye izindawo, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa elandelayo izwe lizobona amathangi amasha e-US, nakuba ulwazi luyimfihlo futhi into ayinakusho ngokuqiniseka ngalesi sihloko. Mhlawumbe, izimoto ezintsha zizovela kakade ngasekupheleni kuka-2015, ngalezi bambalwa kakhulu abantu abazi lutho.

Kodwa kakade sekuyaziwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kuzokwenziwa ngendlela yokuthuthukisa ukuhamba nokuhamba kwezimoto zokulwa, ngakho-ke, amathangi amanje ase-US azoba nezikhali ezincane kakhulu, insimbi enamandla engaphansi komhlaba kanye namandla. Kunalokho, sikhuluma ngokuhlonishwa, hhayi ngama-tanks okuhloswe ukushayisana kwekhanda. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto kubasebenzi ababili noma abathathu abanombhoshongo ongabanjwanga kuqhubeka. Isibonelo, imoto yokulwa nabasebenzi abangu-2 izoba nenjini ye-horse 1500, i-silhouette ephansi. Kulesi simo, isisindo, uma kuqhathaniswa neM1A1, sizoba ngaphansi kuka-20-30%, okuzokwandisa amandla athile.

Kunzima ukusho ukuthi amathangi anjalo azoba yini e-US arsenal, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwawo kuqhubeka, kodwa ulwazi mayelana nezici zobuchwepheshe kanye namakhono wemishini empini ayidalulwanga. Ngokuvamile, abaseMelika baneM1A2 kanye nokuhlelwa kwayo. Lezi zinhlanzi zihlangabezana nezidingo zanamuhla futhi zisebenza kahle kakhulu, kuhlanganise nokusinda, empini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngeke bashintshe okwamanje. I-modern yesimanje futhi ephelele yimathangi ezempi ase-US TUSK. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwe-M1A2, ekhona phambi kwesibhamu somshini olawulwa kude nokuthuthukiswa kwezimayini ezithuthukiswe phansi komshini.

Isiphetho

Ngakho senza ukufaniswa okuncane kwamathangi aseRussia nase-United States. Njengoba ubona, amazwe womabili ayenamandla amakhulu okulwa nempi. Phakathi kwe-T-90 ne-Abrams, ukulwa kwamabhizinisi (10x10) kwenziwa, okwakubonisa ukuthi i-T-90 iphumelela kangcono ezimweni zendawo ye-steppe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo ye-bumpy inikeza inzuzo ethile, nakuba encane, kumasu waseMelika. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kunzima ukushayela emadolobheni amade, ikakhulukazi imikhosi eqondiswayo.

Inkinga enkulu ye-T-90 yukuthi konke ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kunesimo samalungelo obunikazi, kanye namasampuli. Azikho izinyathelo ezibalulekile ezithathwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici ezivikelayo, ezinamandla nezomlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkinga yokuqeqeshwa ngokwanele kweqembu labadobi liyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto, lapho kuqhuma ukuqhuma okukhulu, kufanele iphendule ngokushesha futhi ngokunembile. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlangenwe nakho okunye. Kokubili ama-Abrams no-T-90 kukhona okunye okuhle kakhulu kohlobo lwabo. Cabanga ngethangi "i-Armada" njenge-candidate yangempela, kanye nentuthuko yaseMelika, ayinangqondo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-tank ihlolwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kusiza sokuhlola, hhayi ku-hangar. Kungase kubonakale ukuthi kuyinto enhle, futhi phakathi nenkathi ewusizo, ukwehluleka okukhulu kuyokwembulwa. Lapha, ngokuyisisekelo, nakho konke okungaxoxwa kafushane mayelana namathangi esitokisini se-US neRussia. Baye baphumelela ngokufanayo kuphela ngokuhluka okuncane.