Ubudlelwane Binary kanye nezici zabo

A ezahlukene enobudlelwano Isibonelo amasethi ephelezelwa inqwaba imiqondo kusukela izincazelo zabo kanye nokuhlaziywa kohlaziyo ngokuzibulala indida. A ezihlukahlukene imiqondo okuzoxoxwa ngazo esihlokweni isethi phakade. Nakuba nakakhuluma ngetheksthi uhlobo ezimbili, yilo ehloselwe ubuhlobo kanambambili emkhatsini wetinombolo eziningana. Futhi phakathi kwezinto noma amazwi.

Njengomthetho, ubudlelwano kanambambili kuboniswe R, okungukuthi, uma xRx nganoma yisiphi ukubaluleka x emkhakheni R, isakhiwo esinjalo ngokuthi kunengi, lapho x futhi x - senziwa izinto yokucabanga, futhi R kuwuphawu yohlobo oluthile lwesifo ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu . Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma ngabe igcizelela noma xRy® yRx, likhuluma mayelana nesimo wesimethri lapho ® - uphawu okubandakanya efana inyunyana "uma ... ke ..." Futhi ekugcineni, sokuqonda kwakunemibhalo eqoshiwe (xRy Ùy RZ). ®xRz niyikhulume ubuhlobo umenziwa, nesibonakaliso sokuba u - lena ngokuhlangana.

A maqondana kanambambili ukuthi kokubili obunobuhixihixi, lesinesitfombe-sibuko, futhi umenziwa ibizwa ngokuthi i ubuhlobo kwefrakshini. Isilinganiso f - umsebenzi, futhi i f futhi i f lisikisela ukulingana y = z. Simple umsebenzi kanambambili kungenziwa kalula isetshenziswa agumenti ezimbili ezilula ahlelwe ngendlela ethile, futhi kuphela kuleli cala, kunikeza Inani ke, iqondiswe lezi zinkulumo ezimbili, ezithathwe endabeni ethile.

Kufanele bathi f amabalazwe x ukuze y, Uma f umsebenzi we zone definition endaweni amagugu x kanye y. Nokho, lapho extrapolates f x ku y, futhi y In z ke lokhu kuholela yokuthi imibukiso f e x z. Isibonelo elula: uma f (x) = 2x isebenza sasivumela ngokungenasizathu inamba x ke sithi f amamephu isethi esayiniwe zonke integers aziwa eziningi wonke efanayo, kodwa kulokhu ngisho izinombolo. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ubudlelwane kanambambili ukuthi kanyekanye obunobuhixihixi, lesinesitfombe-sibuko, futhi umenziwa, ubuhlobo kwefrakshini.

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, ubuhlobo kwefrakshini kunqunywa izakhiwo ubudlelwane kanambambili:

• reflexivity - isilinganiso (M ~ N);
• wesimethri - uma ukulingana M ~ N, kuzoba N ~ M;
• transitivity - uma ababili ukulingana M ~ N N ~ P, umphumela M ~ P.

Njengoba sesifunde izakhiwo isicelo of ubudlelwano kanambambili kabanzi. Reflexivity - ingenye izici zamalinki, lapho elementi isivivinyo amasethi ngamunye kule ukulingana uqobo. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwezinombolo a = c futhi a³ nge - zokuxhumana obunobuhixihixi, ngoba siyohlale = c = c, futhi a³, s³ nge. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isilinganiso ukungalingani a> c - antireflexive ngenxa ukungabi nakwenzeka ukungalingani a> a. I Axiom lale mpahla ifakwe izinhlamvu: aRc® ARA U CRC, lapha uphawu ® kubonisa igama elithi "kusho" (noma "kusho") futhi u uphawu - lomngane olusiza "futhi" (noma ngokuhlanganyela). Kusukela kulesi sitatimende kusobala ukuthi uma iqiniso isiphakamiso njengoba kuyiqiniso futhi arc Inkulumo ARA futhi CRC.

Kufanane imayelana nani khona ubuhlobo futhi uma izinto ngengqondo kuhlehlisiwe, okungukuthi i-ziyalingana ubuhlobo rearrangement lezinto aliholeli ekuguquleni ifomu "ubudlelwane kanambambili." Ngokwesibonelo, ubuhlobo ukulingana a = c kuyinto ziyalingana ngenxa kwefrakshini maqondana c = a; futhi a¹s ngokulinganayo futhi isahlulelo, njengoba lihlangabezana s¹a zokuxhumana.

Umenziwa isethi - it is a impahla lapho bahlangabezane nemfuneko ezilandelayo: at i x, z i y ® z i x, lapho ® izenzo njengophawu esikhundleni mazwi: "Uma ... ke ...". Ngamazwi ifomula ngaleyo ndlela ukufunda njengoba: ". Uma esizimele x, z fanele y, z njengoba umsebenzi x"