Ukuma komhlaba: izingcaphuno zasendulo kanye nophenyo lwesayensi wanamuhla

Imibuzo eminingi ifihliwe kwi-Galaxy, kodwa isimo seMhlaba asibangeli ukungabaza. Iplanethi yethu inesimo se-ellipsoid, okungukuthi, ibhola elivamile, kodwa lihlelwa kancane endaweni yesigodi: eNingizimu naseNyakatho. Lo mbono wePlanethi yomhlaba wakhiwa phezu kwamakhulu eminyaka ekuphikisaneni okunzima kwenkolo nesayensi. Namuhla, wonke umfundi wesikole samabanga aphansi uzokwazi ukuphendula kahle ngalolu daba.

Umlando wokwakhiwa kolwazi lwanamuhla ngoMhlaba

Mayelana nokuthi yiliphi uhlobo loMhlaba elihambisana neqiniso, liphikisana kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando wokuthuthukiswa kolwazi lwesayensi yemvelo. U-Homer wacabanga ukuthi iplanethi yethu inesimo somjikelezo, futhi u-Anaximander wabonisa ukuthi ubukeka njengesilinda. Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu ukhumbula izithombe ezikhanyayo ezivela ku-satini yeklasi lesishiyagalombili, lapho isimo seMhlaba sibonakala njenge-disc futhi sihlala esihlahleni esisezindlovu ezintathu, njll Kanye nje lapho bekukhona ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi iplanethi yethu ifana nomkhumbi ibhukuda ngaphandle kwemingcele Ulwandle noma imibhoshongo phezu kwalo ngendlela yentaba ephakeme kakhulu!

Izinguqulo ezahlukene zokuhamba komhlaba

Akukhona nje umbuzo wesimo seplanethi yethu, kodwa futhi inguqulo yokuhamba komhlaba yabhekana nezinguquko eziningi emlandweni wempucuko. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uMhlaba wawungekho ngokuphelele. Khona-ke isayensi esemthethweni yaqala ukubheka ukuthi i-Sun ihambahamba emhlabeni wethu, hhayi ngokuphambene nalokho. Emphakathini wezikhathi ezihlukene, isihloko esinjengokuma nokuhamba komhlaba, ukhathazekile izingqondo zabangososayensi kuphela. Uma kungenjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ukuhlukunyezwa kukaDr. Bruno, lowo umbono wakhe ngokunyakaza komhlaba kwahluka ngaleso sikhathi kusukela esahlulelweni esamukelekile. Ngeshwa, isayensi esemthethweni ayengazithembi ngaso sonke isikhathi ekutholeni okuthuthukisiwe, kodwa izintandokazi ezithandwayo ezilandelwa izinkolelo zenkolo. Umlobi we-encyclopaedist wokuqala owaveza umbono oqondile ngempela mayelana nokunyakaza kweplanethi yethu ezungeze i-Sun, futhi hhayi ngokuphambene nalokho, kwakuyi-Pole N. Copernicus.

Izinto zanamuhla

UBessel, ososayensi waseJalimane owaqala ukubala i-radius yokucindezela komhlaba emipulini, wafika eqinisweni ngaphezu kwakho konke. Lezi zibalo zatholakala ngekhulu le-19 futhi zahlala zingaguquki amakhulu eminyaka. Ngekhulu lama-20 kuphela F.N. U-Krasovsky - ososayensi waseSoviet, washicilela ulwazi olusha olunembile kakhulu kunamanani atholakale ngaphambili ngaphambili kwakhe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-ellipsoid enezilinganiso eziqondile zeplanethi ibizwa ngokuthi yiyo. Ukuma kweMhlaba kunesimo sebhola, kufakwe endaweni yesigxobo, futhi umehluko emazingeni angama-equator and pole - yi-21 km. Lesi sibalo selokhu sihlala njalo kusukela ngo-1936.

Isiphetho

Kodwa ukuze kube ngokucacile nakakhulu, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva yesayense, uhlobo lomhlaba yi-geoid. Lesi sibalo esinembile kunazo zonke, esiseduze nomfanekiso weqiniso weMhlaba. I-geoid, njengeplanethi yethu, inezinkokhelo nokuphakama. Futhi, ngokwe-A.A. U-Ivanov, ososayensi waseRussia, i- hemisphere yomhlaba ayinayo i-symmetry, futhi i-equator i-ellipse, hhayi umbuthano. Yileyo ndlela isayensi eqala ngayo, futhi ubani owaziyo ukuthi yini enye esiyifunda ngeplanethi yethu yemvelo eminyakeni eyikhulu? Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kuzo zonke izigumbini zesikole kunomhlaba ojwayele wonke umuntu, lapho sifunda khona izimfihlo zomhlaba.