Izimpikiswano: inkinga yokufundiswa. Ukuzali, ukuzethemba, ukuzihlonipha

Enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu zenqubo yezemfundo yinto yokuqamba kokuziphatha komuntu ngamunye. Lo mphakathi ufisa kuwo wonke umlando wayo waminyaka eminyaka. Ukufeza le njongo, amakhulu eminyaka, uhlobo olukhethekile lomthethonqubo ekuphatheni komuntu lakhiwe. Futhi ukufakazela lokhu kunganikezwa izimpikiswano ezinzima. Inkinga yokukhulisa ihlale ixazululwe ngosizo lokuziphatha, izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke kanye nemigomo eyamukelwa emphakathini. Zonke lezi zici njengamanje zizinqumo ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi yabantu nokusebenzisana kwazo nabanye abantu.

Incazelo yegama elithi "ukuzala okuhle"

Ekusebenziseni ukufundisa lokhu umqondo uphathwa ngendlela engafanele. Uma sicabanga ngenqubo yokwakheka kobuntu bokuziphatha, khona-ke ukukhuliswa kungacatshangwa ukufezwa kwezinga elithile lokuthuthukiswa komphakathi, kwengqondo nangokomoya. Noma kunjalo, leli gama lingacatshangelwa ngomqondo omncane. Izinga lokukhuliswa kulokhu lichazwa njengokuhambisana kwezenzo nokuziphatha komuntu ezimisweni zokuziphatha kanye nemigomo ekhona emphakathini. Kulokhu, ungahlulela umuntu ngokweziko zokuxhumana nokuziphatha. Ngamanye amazwi, ngezindlela zangaphandle zokuxhumana nabanye abantu.

Izinga langempela lokukhuliswa lingathathwa kuphela ngokuqwashisa ngokugcwele kwezimpawu zokuziphatha njengengxenye yomthetho wokulawula ukuziphatha komuntu. Futhi yilona umsebenzi wesayensi yokufundisa.

Izici eziyinhloko zomuntu ofundisiwe

Ubani ubuntu bokuziphatha? Yiziphi izici zalo? Lezi yizi:

1. Ukuzibusa . Uyakwazi ukuqinisa ukucasuka nenzondo, ukuvimbela ingxabano, ukuphoqa ukuba azivimbe futhi abe umthombo wothando nenhlonipho.
2. Ukuhlakanipha . Lona uhlobo lomqondo wokuziphatha wabo bonke abantu abafundele njalo abamtshela indlela efanele kulokhu noma leso simo futhi amvumela ukuba athuthukise indlela ephathekayo yokuziphatha ngesikhathi ekhuluma nabanye.
3. Ukugcina isikhathi . Ukuba khona kwakhe kubonisa imikhuba emihle.
4. Ukuthobeka . Ukuba nalo, umuntu ngeke azame ukuzibonakalisa ehlakaniphile, engcono futhi enamandla kunamanye. Kodwa-ke, umuntu akufanele adibanise ukuthobeka nenhloni nokwesaba, okungavumeli abantu bavikele ngokuqinile imigomo yabo.
5. Complaisance . Kuyinto enhle, kodwa kuphela kuze kube yinto engavamile. Umuntu ofundele kahle unikeza izinsizakalo kuphela lapho ebuzwa ngakho.
6. Imikhuba emihle.
7. Ukuzithiba . Kukhona uma kwenzeka lapho intando yomuntu ingaphezu kwamakhono akhe okuziphatha kanye namasiko okuziphatha.
8. Ukuxhumana, kuhlangene nokuthakazelelwa nokukhuthaza. Le mfanelo yenza kube lula ukuxhumana nabanye abantu.
9. Ukusebenza komkhuba wokucabanga, imizwa namakhono omuntu siqu. Lezi zimfanelo zokukhulelwa zikhona kubantu abadala abazisebenzisi hhayi emsebenzini wabo kuphela, kodwa nasekusizeni abanye.
10. Ukutholakala kwemfundo ejwayelekile kanye nolwazi lwamakhono amasiko jikelele.

Ukusebenza komsebenzi othisha

Imfundo yomuntu ngamunye iyinkqubo enzima kakhulu futhi enzima kakhulu. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu, kunzima ukucabanga ngemiphumela yayo. Le nqubo iqala esemncane. Khona-ke iyaqhubeka lapho ingena esikoleni. Kusukela emzuzwana othile umuntu uqala ukuzibandakanya ekuzifundiseni.

Yiqiniso, othisha kudingeka bazi ukuthi inqubo yokwakha ubuntu (noma isigaba ngasinye) ifinyelele umgomo oyifunayo. Ukuze unqume izinga lokukhuliswa kwabantwana, kuyadingeka ukuqhathanisa okuhlongozwe ngemiphumela. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, akunakwenzeka ukuphatha inqubo eqhubekayo yokubunjwa kwabantu.

Ukunquma izinga lokuvumelanisa kwemiphumela oyifunayo futhi etholakalayo kuzovumela ukuxilongwa kokukhuliswa ngokuziphatha. Kuyinto inqubo ethile yokuhlola. Ukuqaliswa kwalo kuzoveza ukuthi yiqiniso elingakanani lokukhuliswa. Umehluko phakathi komphumela wokugcina kanye nomphumela wokuqala kubalulekile ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwenqubo yokufundisa.

Ukuthola idatha edingekayo, ukuhlolwa kokuzala kuqhutshwa. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuwona umsebenzi wokufundisa. Ngokuziphatha okusebenzayo kwezingane ezimweni ezithile kanye nokusebenza kwezenzo ezithile, banquma izinga le-pupilty labafundi. Indlela yokuxilongwa ihilela ukutadisha imibono yabantwana ngemithetho ethile nemigomo yokuziphatha. Ngokuvamile, uthisha ucela izingane ziphendule imibuzo. Phakathi kwabo:

- Kuyini ukwethembeka?

"Kungani umuntu kufanele abe nomusa?"

- Kungani ngingakwazi ukukhuluma? Futhi njalo.

Njengobufakazi bokufaneleka kwakhe, umfundi kufanele anikeze izimpikiswano ezinkulu. Inkinga yemfundo, uma ikhona, izobonakala ngokushesha.

Ukuze uhlolisise ukusebenza komsebenzi wokufundisa, ukubhala kwemisebenzi ngesihloko esithile kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Ngamunye wabo uhlobo lwemibuzo. Izinga lemfundo linqunywa ngokudalulwa kombuzo othize, ochaza ngokucacile izwe langaphakathi lomntwana. Uhlu lwezihloko lungabandakanya incazelo yombono wakho wenkinga efana ne "Uhloniphekile nami", "Ngikuphi ukuqonda kwami kwesiyalo", njll. Uma ubhala lezi zinhlobonhlobo, abafundi kufanele banikeze izimpikiswano zabo. Inkinga yokukhulisa ingane ingabonakala ngezinye izindlela eziphumelelayo zokuhlola ukuziphatha. Ngenxa yalokhu, uthisha kumele enze ngokusemthethweni isimo lapho izimfanelo zomuntu zizokwembulwa khona.

Ukunquma izinga lokubunjwa kobuntu abaphothula iziqu kusiza ukwakheka. Inkinga yemfundo (i-USE ivame ukunikeza abafakizicelo izihloko ezifanayo), ibonakaliswa abantu abasha ngesisekelo semisebenzi yokubhala kanye nezinto ezingokoqobo ekuphileni kwanamuhla.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesifundo

Izinkomba zokuhlonipha, ezitholakala ngenxa yenqubo yokuhlola, zisatshalaliswa ezingeni eliyisithupha. Kunezilinganiso ezintathu ezihle futhi eziningi ezingalungile kuwo. Owokuqala wabo ubonisa lokho ukukhuliswa komuntu, kanti okwesibili kubonisa izinga lemikhuba yakhe emibi. Uhlolo oluhle lukhombisa ini? Ngakho:

• +3 ukhuluma ngokuzimisela okuqhubekayo ukwenza isenzo sokuziphatha;
• +2 ubonisa isifiso sokwenza okuhle esimweni esinikeziwe;
• +1 uqinisekisa ukuqonda kwengane isidingo sokwenza imisebenzi emihle.

Uma izindinganiso ezilinganisweni zihamba ngezansi zero, khona-ke izothi:

• -1 - ukulungela ukubonakaliswa okungalungile;
• -2 - mayelana nokuzama ukwenza izenzo ezimbi;
• -3 - mayelana nokuziphatha okungahambisani nabantu.

I-Zero esilinganisweni izoba ubufakazi bokuma hlangothi.

Kubaluleka kokuhlola ukuzala

Ukusebenza komsebenzi wokufundisa kuncike ekuqondeni ukujwayela kokuziphatha kwengane, hhayi ngezimfanelo zakhe. Uma ucabangela lokhu okubalulekile, kubalulekile ukuqhathanisa ubudlelwane babo nesisusa sokuziphatha. Lena iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Phela, kwezinye izimo, ngisho nezenzo zobuntu azifezwanga ngezinhloso ezingcono.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuxilongwa ngokukhulisa ukuveza izimfanelo zenhlalo nezokuziphatha zabafundi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izici ezinobungozi nezibucayi zenqubo yokufundisa zizimisele. Ukusebenzisa idatha ye-diagnostic etholakalayo kusivumela ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwemisebenzi yezemfundo, futhi ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela kuyonquma inani lemisebenzi nomzamo uthisha okufanele asebenzise ukuze kuzuze abafundi ngezinga elithile lezimfanelo ezithile zokuziphatha.

Ukuzihlonipha nokuzihlonipha

Ukwakhiwa komuntu kuyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eningi. Enye yemisebenzi yakhe eyinhloko ukufundisa umuntu omncane ukuzihlonipha yena. Lokhu kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu. Umqondo wokuzihlonipha kufanele ufundiswe ingane kusukela esemncane. Kumelwe kutshalwe imali engqondweni yengane kakade eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila kwayo, ngesikhathi sokuqala sokubunjwa komuntu. Indima ebalulekile kule nqubo ivela kubazali, izihlobo nalawo maqembu omphakathi lapho umuntu ekhona khona.

Ukuzethemba nokuzihlonipha yizigaba ezikhethekile zokuziphatha. Zingabizwa ngokuthi yizinto ezingezona izinto ezihlobene nezinto, ezingahlobene nemisebenzi yabantu.

Ukuzethemba nokuzihlonipha kuyimpahla edingekayo futhi evamile yomuntu. Kungabuye kuthiwa yikhwalithi enhle yomphefumulo womuntu , lowo umuntu ofundele anakho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ukuthi yonke le mizwa ihambisane nomqondo wokubaluleka komuntu siqu.

Isihlonipho nokuzihlonipha yizona eziyinhloko yokuziphatha kwanoma yimuphi umuntu. Uma unayo, ungesabi ukungena esimweni esiwubuwula futhi ubonakale uhlekisa kwabanye. Umuntu onomuzwa onokuziqhenya uhlale ekulungele ukuxolisa ngamaphutha akhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngeke abone ukungafaneleka komuntu siqu.

Ukuzihlonipha nokuzethemba kufanele kugcinwe kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo. Kulula. Kudingekile kuphela ukuba uhlale unomuntu oziphatha kahle, usebenzisana nabantu enembeza nangokuhambisana nokuziphatha okuvunyelwe emphakathini.

Izinto zangempela zokuphila kwanamuhla

Isikhathi sesimanje sezwe sethu sibonakala ngokuphenduka okusha komphakathi kanye nomlando ekuphileni kwabantu. Umphakathi wonke ubanjwe ngokweqile yizinkinga zokungazinzi kwezomnotho kanye nezinkinga zobuhlobo bezepolitiki, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobudlelwane obusha bemakethe kithi. Lokhu kuqhubeka ngokuzamazama izisekelo zokuziphatha nezenhlalo.

Kancane kancane, ukuhlukunyezwa komuntu kukhula, abantu baba abangenakubekezelelana futhi abanesibindi. Kukhona ukuphuma kwezingokomoya futhi kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwezwe langaphakathi lomuntu ngamunye. Inkinga engokomoya nokuziphatha kweRussia yanamuhla yinkinga yokukhuliswa komuntu.

Izindawo ezingozini kakhulu

Inkinga yobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu isithinteka kakhulu ekuthandweni kwezwe nangokomoya, isiko kanye nempilo yokuziphatha. Yibuphi ubufakazi bokuthi kunganikezwa izingxabano? Inkinga yokukhuliswa, ikakhulukazi emvelweni wentsha, iboniswa ekulahlekelweni kwemikhombandlela yokuphila. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa abaphikisi nabaphikisayo lapho befeza imigomo eyingozi.

Imilinganiselo, engokwemvelo kithi, manje isivele isiphelele ngokuphelele. Asisenawo amasha. Yingakho abantu bengakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokucacile phakathi kokubi nokuhle, isithunzi, unembeza nodumo. Yonke le mqondo iphikisiwe kakhulu.

Izinkinga zokuhamba

Uhlelo lwamanje lwemfundo alukwazi ukuphendula ngokuthekisayo izinguquko ezenzeka emphakathini futhi zihlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo zesigaba somuntu esingokomoya. Uhlaka lwalo aluvumeli ukuxazulula ngokugcwele izinkinga zomthetho wezomthetho nolwazi, imvelo nemfundo yezempilo, njalonjalo.

Uhlelo lwesikole lwemfundo alunayo imibono ecacile mayelana nokwakheka komuntu ngamunye. Igama elithi "ukukhuliswa" kancane kancane lihunyushwe emcabangweni wokuthi "ukuzivumelanisa nomphakathi." Ikhwalithi yemfundo ethinta izinga lokuthuthukiswa komuntu siqu ibuye ibuye ngemuva. Akukona nje isikhathi eside iRussia yaziwa njengenye yezinto ezifundwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Namuhla, idatha yemibono yemibono ithi sinesithakazelo ezincwadini ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi nezokubhala ezingaphansi kwabantu baseYurophu.

Ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngabaholi bamazwe, ama-veterans kanye nothisha kubangela ukungazi emlandweni we-Great Patriotic War ngabafundi. Futhi isizathu salokhu yisimiso semfundo. Uthatha amahora amahlanu kuphela ukuze afunde okubaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wezwe lethu.

Izindlela ezivela kule nkinga

Ukuziphatha akunikezwa umuntu ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Ukwenziwa kobuntu kuyinkimbinkimbi yokufundisa. Yingakho umuntu adinga ukufundiswa izindinganiso zokuziphatha ezijwayelekile emphakathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa nokubambisana komuntu kanye nenani labantu abaqhubekayo, kanye nemithombo yomqondo yomphakathi, kubizwa ukuthi badlale indima enkulu.

Konke lokhu kuhlanganisiwe kuzovumela ukunqoba ukuthambekela okungalungile nokwakhiwa okukhona namuhla eRussia. Azikho ezinye izindlela ezivela ekuhluphekeni okungokomoya nokuziphatha.

Izinkinga zemfundo emisebenzini yombhalo

Inkinga yendoda yesimanje ngezindlela eziningi ukungabikho kwalezo zisekelo zomlando nezindinganiso zokuziphatha ezazisisekelo sepilo yaseRussia ngezikhathi ezedlule. Yingakho iziqu zezikole zivame ukucelwa ukuba zibheke inkinga yemfundo. Izimpendulo ezisuka ezincwadini ezikulesi sihloko zinikwe yizinhlayiya zoHlelo LokuHlanganisa LoMbuso.

Ukuntuleka kwengokomoya kuyindaba yokufundiswa. Izimpendulo ezisuka ezincwadini, ezingashiwo ekusekeleni lokhu, zikhona kuleveli "We" ngo-E. Zamyatin. Emsebenzini wakhe umlobi ulandisa nge "izinombolo" ezihlala esimweni esihle semathematika. Umsindo wokuphila walezi zinhlaka ziphelelisiwe, kodwa abanakho umphefumulo. Kulesi sixhumano, "amanani" awanesithakazelo ebuhleni bezwe futhi afuna ukuzama ukuphakama.

Isibonelo sobuntu obungokomoya yiqhawe lezindaba zika A. A. Solzhenitsyn "Usuku olulodwa luka-Ivan Denisovich" - U-Alyoshka. Le nsizwa yafakwa etilongweni izama ukumnciphisa ukholo. Kodwa ayizange iphule i-Alyoshka. Wafunda iVangeli nsuku zonke futhi wazama ukuletha iqiniso lakhe kwezinye iziboshwa.

Ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yama-classics, le ncazelo ibuye ibhalwe phansi ngabathweswa iziqu. Inkinga yokuzalisa i-USE ikhuphuka kaningi. Ngakho-ke, mayelana nezimfanelo zokuziphatha zomuntu ngokuvamile uloba emsebenzini wakhe uLeon Tolstoy. Le nhloko ibuye ihlolwe encwadini ethi "Impi Nokuthula". Omunye wabaqhawe bakhe u-Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya. Kulo wesifazane, umgomo oyinhloko wokuphila ukuzakhela impilo yakho siqu. Ngenxa yalokhu, uDktubetskaya uya yonke into. Usebenzisa amandla okuhlukumezeka, asebenze ekukhulekeleni okucebile, njalonjalo.