Kuyini kolwazi lwesayensi

Cognition kuyinto uhlobo lwe ethize yizenzo zabantu. It is sibhekiswe ukuqonda umuntu ngokwakhe kanye nezwe. Ukuthola ulwazi Kwenziwa abantu ababili izindlela eziyisisekelo. Eyokuqala iwumsebenzi. Ngakho umuntu uthola ulwazi esisebenzayo. Eyesibili indlela ezingokomoya. Esikhathini kohlaka inqubo yokufunda kanye nolwazi etholakala phakathi ukuthuthukiswa komlando ukuzazi nemikhuba owawusekelwe ezihlukahlukene.

Ngayinye thile yezenhlalakahle (nefilosofi, kwezesayensi, ezombangazwe, izinganekwane, inkolo, njalo njalo. D.) zivumelana ethize izinhlobo ulwazi. Phakathi kwabo kufanele ukugqamisa basezinganekwaneni, sokudlala, nsuku zonke, zefilosofi. Kukhona kwezobuciko futhi eziqanjiwe, siqu, ulwazi lwesayensi.

Uhlobo ngalunye has izici zayo siqu. Nokho, ezweni lanamuhla umbuzo kuyini ulwazi lwesayensi, abacwaningi unesithakazelo ezingaphezu kuka nezinye izinkinga.

Ingqikithi yale hlobo bezibona kolwazi kuyinto zamagama eyiqiniso ebufakazini obutholakalayo. okwakwaziwa ososayensi okungahleliwe ubona yemvelo futhi kudingekile, futhi iyunithi kuletha inani. umsebenzi Its ukuthola imithetho inhloso nezwe elingokoqobo: kwezenhlalo, yemvelo, imithetho yokucabanga kanye ukuzazi. Ngokuqondene nalokhu ulwazi lwesayensi it is udzimelela izici ezibalulekile bento, izakhiwo jikelele ngekukhula yabo ohlelweni abstract. Ifuna ukuthola inhloso, ukuxhumana kudingeka, ilungiswe ngendlela imithetho. Uma kungaqali, futhi akuyona isayensi uqobo. I ngokucacile yolwazi yesayensi kuhilela kokutholakala imithetho futhi sifunde sijule ezihlokweni izenzakalo.

Inani eliphakeme kanye umgomo ngokushesha ubhekwa iqiniso umgomo. Kubonakala ngokuyinhloko izindlela enengqondo futhi izindlela, ngaphandle ukuzibandakanya, yebo, okwashiwo zemvelo. ulwazi lwesayensi kusho ukuqedwa amaphuzu subjective (uma kunokwenzeka) ukuthi ihlinzeka "ukuhlanzeka" we mayelana nodaba. Ngakho, isayensi kunikeza obonakalisa zenzakalo eziyiqiniso, kudala isithombe inhloso yalokho okwenzekayo. Lapho lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu futhi umsebenzi mayelana nale ndaba, okuyisigaba sokuqala isimo likhono labo lekuvisisa kanye iqiniso.

Okuningi kunamanye izinhlobo cognition isayensi igxile ukusebenza nokusebenzisa. Ngakho, kuba uhlobo "umhlahlandlela esenzweni" ku kugucuka ekubeni ngokoqobo ezizungezile nekulawulwa izinqubo zangempela. Ngosizo ulwazi lwesayensi kuvula kungenzeka umbono hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi bayazi wokulolonga esizayo.

Isayensi yanamuhla inesimiso abalulekile. Lesi sici kuboniswe ikhono kusengaphambili ukuthi umkhuba. yesimanje izinqubo eziningi ukukhiqizwa ludabuka ezindaweni okwenziwa kuzo ucwaningo. Ngakho, isayensi manje kukwazi hhayi kuphela nezidingo zokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi bavame imfuneko entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe.

Ngamagama epistemological yolwazi yesayensi kuyinqubo ziyaphikisana futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuhamba le nqubo, imifanekiso hhayi kuphela, ulwazi ukulungisa, kodwa futhi ulwazi izakhi ukwakha izinhlelo ngokuhambisana nezimiso ezithile, imithetho, iziqondiso.

Ukuthola ulwazi lwesayensi ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo ethize impahla (amathuluzi, izinto, kanye nezinye izinto). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufunda izindlela ezahlukene osetshenziswayo futhi izindlela, ezifana izibalo, logic yesimanje, dialectics, nabanye.

ulwazi lwesayensi ngeke kube khona kungekho ubufakazi, kwemukeleka, kwenetisa iziphetho nemiphumela. Nokho, kanye nocwaningo elihlobene ne ukwakhiwa izibikezelo, nokucatshangwa, ubunzima.

indlela yesimanje inike ezahlukene criteria ngokwesayensi ulwazi. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngaphezu okungenhla, kufanele futhi ufake uhlelo yangaphakathi, ukuvumelana esisemthethweni, reproducibility, inkululeko akabandlululi, nokuvuleka ukugxekwa, okukhulu.