Roots-zasesiteji: imisebenzi nezibonelo

Izitshalo kuyiplanethi yethu ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi flora bazongena esitelekeni amadivayisi yayo Amazing okuyinto akhiwa kuzo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo. Ezinye zazo oshaya i imibala emangalisayo bhá futhi zizinhle, abanye - izithelo elimnandi kanye namanzi, ukumangala yesithathu amahlamvu engavamile.

Phakathi kwabo kukhona nalabo abaye baphoqwa ukwakha uhlobo olukhethekile izimpande. Njengoba yaziwa, umzimba - cishe ebaluleke kakhulu futhi okuphawulekayo isitshalo umsoco. Lapha sibheka isibonelo esisodwa esihle, ahehe futhi original kakhulu impande izinhlobo.

izitho vegetative zezitshalo

Ngokuvamile, enika imuphi izitshalo eliwumhlaba ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, ime phandle sisekelo wayo ube izingxenye ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo kwesakhiwo.

1. Okungenhla-phansi ingxenye. Ehlanganisa Escape kuhlanganise isiqu, amacembe nezimbali (izinzuzo esizayo).
2. Komhlaba ingxenye. Emelelwa impande nazo zonke izingxenye ezihambisana kwesakhiwo.

Zonke izitshalo ejensi ohlwini ngokuthi autonomic, ie hhayi ukuba azibandakanye ukuzala. Impande ingenye ebaluleke kakhulu la malungu omzimba, njengoba wenza ezihlukene kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ngoba isitshalo imisebenzi. Ukuhlukanisa phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukene impande izinhlelo, kanye izinhlobo ezahlukene izimpande ngokwabo (zokuphefumula, , zasesiteji izimpande, slinging nokunye).

Izinhlobo impande izinhlelo

Singasho lihlukaniswa ngezingxenye zalo abamelwe lonke uhlelo impande simila. Ngakho, ukukhululwa:

• Impande main - umuntu esenzelwa kusukela meristem apical futhi iyigcine asebenzayo kukho konke ukuphila (ie, impande has ukukhula angenamkhawulo). It libhekene geotropism omuhle - ikhono orientate ekwandeni towards maphakathi Earth phansi.
• izimpande Adventitious - nalezo akhiwa izingxenye ezahlukene isitshalo, izimpande ezindala, amaqabunga, sifanamsindvo, nokunye. Isibonelo -props izimpande, izimpande zasemoyeni izitshalo epiphytic nabanye.
• Lateral - lezo branched e semali noma elincane kwamakhamera ocingo isesekeli, ukwakha nabo uhlelo impande eyodwa uhlobo oluthile.

Mayelana ukubonakaliswa uhlobo oluthile uhlelo impande 2 Kusolwa ucacise izinhlobo zabo eziyisisekelo.

1. Thepha uhlelo impande - njengoba buphawuleka kakhulu kuyimpande main, futhi ezilingene adventitious kuphela kwalokho (ikakhulukazi abameleli ekilasini bipartite).
2. Fibrous - uma kungekho emgogodleni emaphakathi libizwa. Zonke ndawonye - main, ezilingene adventitious - silnovetvyaschiysya yakha isixha olulodwa sendikimba. Kwande monocots.

Sinesithakazelo esikhulu kakhulu nokulungiswa ezihlukahlukene impande. Omunye wabo kukhona nje izimpande-zasesiteji, imisebenzi kanye izibonelo ezichazwe ngezansi.

Uyini umsuka-zasesiteji?

Lokhu izimpande ezikhethekile kakhulu adventitious akha phezu stem isitshalo. Ngakho, izimpande-zasesiteji - akusiyo isakhiwo esikhulu futhi ungaphansi. Babuye libhekene geotropism omuhle, kanye impande oyinhloko.

izitshalo Made kokuba idivayisi enjalo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-banyan. Basuke ubhekwa ezweni lakubo (India, I-Asia, emazweni ashisayo) kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ungcwele nokuba ngcwele. Ngaphandle engavamile kakhulu ububanzi zonke izimpande aggregate bengase bazikhandlele amashumi amaningana, noma ngisho namakhulu kwamamitha. Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani izimpande ezinjalo eyakheke izipele. Imisebenzi yazo owawubalulekile izitshalo.

Imisebenzi izimpande ezifana

1. ezokuthutha engeziwe yamanzi namaminerali.
2. Sekela umsebenzi for nenkanuko edlulele kangcono futhi uqinise izitshalo enhlabathini.
3. Ukuthwebula izithombe elikhulu endaweni ukukhula sibonga abhebhezela zonke izakhiwo adnexal.

Roots-isipele umsebenzi enze ukholo lwabo ezinhle. Izitshalo unezici esinjalo, kuba ukubukeka engavamile futhi olubabazeka kakhulu ukuthatha emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo indawo enkulukazi isikhala.

Roots-zasesiteji: izibonelo izitshalo tropical

Kwenqwaba yalolu hlobo izitshalo libhekisela ficus. Izwe ukhula kubo - India, lapho konke kubhekwa banyan engengcwele ibhekane ukuphepha kanzima anakekele phezu ingxenye yomuntu.

Ngokwesibonelo, ficus Indian, okuyinto egameni lesiLatini Ficus elastika, ngokwemvelo kungumuthi omkhulu ophakeme (kufika ku 30 m) enkulu green amnyama eshiya okusaqanda ecwebezelayo enhle. Its imisebenzi izimpande-zasesiteji enze konke okufanayo: ukwesekwa ngesikhathi ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele, uthwebule insimu futhi ukuthola amandla aphezulu. Sikwazi ukukhula Lesi simila usayizi esinengekayo encane.

Igumbi Analogue

Sekuyisikhathi eside uhlobo Igumbi Ficus elastika. Lena imbiza isitshalo esincane okungahambisani eziqhakaza, ilinganiselwa ngoba ubuhle aluhlaza, amaqabunga ayo ecwebezelayo nezinkulu. Ngaye, zonke izimo ziye zadalwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ekhaya ayidingekile ukuthobela kwabo umsebenzi izimpande-eyisipele. Futhi izitshalo yalolu hlobo nje musa yakha.

Ficus bengalensis (Ficus Bengal)

Ummeleli we iqembu izitshalo kubhekwa isihlahla isikhathi eside. Omele endala leminyaka engaphezu kuka-3,000 wempilo! Lena omkhulu kakhulu umuthi ophakeme, lapho phakathi nokuphila izimpande-zasesiteji akhiwa. Umsebenzi wawo liqukethe ukumuncwa emoyeni, umswakama kanye ukuguqulwa okulandelayo ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele nalezi izinsika asekelayo.

Lolu hlobo ficus ungakheka amakhulu izimpande adventitious zokuphila evumela ukuba luthathe indawo 2 amahektha. Amahlamvu aso kuncane, kuze kufinyelele 20 cm ubude. Izithelo - uswidi ozithandayo izinyoni ezinye izimfene.

Abantu bafunda indlela yokutshala isitshalo ngezinhloso Ornamental, Ngakho-ke, ezonini esipholile futhi lungatholwa ngesimo encishisiwe izikhathi eziningi potting up.

Ficus zenkolo (Ficus religiosa)

Kukhona olunye uhlobo ficus, obumba izimpande-zasesiteji. Izibonelo izihlahla ezinjalo kungabonakala endaweni yazo yemvelo - eNdiya naseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia. Zonke izinhlobo ficus ngokwezenkolo material esibalulekile cwaningo kanye avikelekile nemvelo reserves namapaki bendawo.

Inani izimpande, okungase yakha umuthi owodwa vo ezinjalo, mayelana 300. Bonke bayoba nezimpande ngaphansi futhi yakha efana gazebos noma Grove lapho umuntu kalula zululeka. Imbewu kanye izithelo zalo muthi - intandokazi aphathe nezilwane kanye nezinyoni. A resin cishe zonke amakhiwane ezikhula emazweni ashisayo, sisetshenziselwa izinto ezibalulekile kubantu. Ibizwa ngokuthi Shellac.

Igumbi unikezwa nezitshalo zisakazwa zone athokomele. It yaziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi amahlamvu amahle, inkimbinkimbi ukugcinwa kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside.

Monstera delitsioza (Monstera deliciosa)

Kukhona flora engavamile, ogama izimpande-zasesiteji akhiwa vivo. Izibonelo izitshalo: monstera, kanye bonke abanye, ngaphandle ngenhla, izinhlobo amakhiwane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi monstera lokuqala kuxazululwe on nezinye izihlahla njengoba epiphytes ezifana imivini. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, akha izimpande zabo eside ukuthi zikhule phansi, imile izimpande, futhi umvumele ukuba azethembe kakhudlwana futhi mahhala.

Monster delitsiozy sici isimanga, ngaphandle izimpande ezinjalo, yikhono ukuqeda umswakama ngokweqile usebenzisa amanzi stomata. Lona "ukukhala isitshalo" ngemva Lase liyithela imvula ukusakaza umswakama ngokweqile ngokusebenzisa amathiphu amaqabunga.

Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene monstera kwamasiko. Simila amabhodwe kakhulu othanda amahlamvu amahle eqoshiwe unpretentiousness.

imihlume

Lezi amahlathi zinezikhathi kumiswa off-shoring, kodwa ekuqaleni izimpande zasemoyeni. Bagcina yaphenduka ukwesekwa enokuziphakamisa nokunika amandla imihlume sikhule kwezimo ezingajwayelekile kanye olunzima kangaka - on osogwini olusenyakatho ngobumnene ezitshekile flat kwezilwandle nemifula kasawoti.

Kulokhu, hhayi evamile enze umsebenzi impande-isipele, futhi izitshalo ziba mandla ekusebenziseni ukuba zikwazi emoyeni, kunokuba njengendlela esi. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi lesi sici futhi iqalise ngokugcwele. Iqiniso ukuthi izitshalo, imihlume zihlanganisa nezitshalo ezikwaziyo eziningi ezahlukene kanye nezihlahla. Bebonke bakha ehlathini ezivamile, esibizwa nge-lomhlume. Futhi lapho, ukuze sisinde, izitshalo zakha amadivayisi, ezifana ukulungiswa engavamile izimpande. Ngemva kanzima kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe ukuze abe ingxenye emanzini usawoti olwandle. Lokhu kuholela ukuntula umoya, amanzi, i namaminerali ngokweqile. izimpande engeziwe uvumele imihlume ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga futhi ngokuphepha ukusinda, ngijabulisa uthuli zasemazweni aluhlaza nendlela ababukeka engavamile.