Imidlalo e inqubo yemfundo by James Guy: ukucabanga ezintsha nocwaningo ukulumba ngoba uquqaba?

Bodumo isazi waseMelika uJames uPawulu Guy (Jakobe uPawulu Gee) - omunye abagqugquzeli kunazo asebenzayo we izinguquko hhayi kuphela humanities yesimanje kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo, kodwa futhi imfundo esikoleni. Revolutionary futhi provocateur ngokwemvelo, Dzheyms Gi udalula ukushiyeka imfundo yesimanje esikoleni e-United States ngendlela efanayo njengoba ulahla ukungabi khona kobulungisa kwezenhlalo sengqondo esingafanele esichitha umphakathi maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo. Ingxoxo ku ikusasa imfundo esikoleni e-United States Guy alizanga kanye, kodwa, ngokuba kakade babe nesipiliyoni ocebile "imisebenzi wamavukelambuso 'nakwezinye izici: psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, nezindaba nokubhala Ngomqondo obanzi - okungukuthi ezindaweni ulwazi le ndoda, kula mashumi eminyaka amuva ukuba elakhiwe umfutho sina amatjhuguluko ngokujulile humanities kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo eNtshonalanga. izindlela ezintsha kocwaningo kwenziwe isayensi kwathatha isimo esisha futhi isigaba esisha ukuthuthukiswa - postmodernism. Russia, lokhu noguquko kuyinto ngokuphepha elingemva kwethu, futhi ngoba singakwazi ukubheka lokhu kwenziwa kanjani, kunjengokungathi kusukela ngaphandle, ezibucayi futhi ukubona ukubukeka.

Adume Dzheyms Gi

Umsebenzi usosayensi usukela emuva izinyathelo ezimbalwa, lapho livela sengathi e guises ahlukahlukene: Ki-sezilimi, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Guy, Guy umcwaningi isiqophi umdlalo. Peru ungumnikazi umcwaningi eziningi owaziwa izincwadi, ngekuvumelana naloko lokushiwo postmodernism. Eqinisweni, phakathi naso usosayensi wakhe ucwaningo umsebenzi uphenyo amathuba ukuhlaziywa inkulumo psycholinguistics kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo, futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje kuhanjiswe ku imicabango kwezinhlelo imibono yabo kanye nokusabalalisa yabo kubantu abavamile.

Ngemva ukudlala ividiyo imidlalo engu sasivumela ovuthiwe Dzheyms Gi isibe umgqugquzeli asebenzayo of isingeniso zabo zibe lwezifundo zesikole ngoba ubabheka izindlela eziphumelelayo izinhlelo ukucabanga nentuthuko. okwazanywa ukwethula izinhlelo ukucabanga American imfundo yesibili ayiphumelelanga futhi kuholele nokwehliswa kwesithunzi intelligence abasha baseMelika, ukulahlekelwa lokuncintisana sphere bokusungula, kuzo njalo ngonyaka ezingasho dengwane abasuka emazweni nge uhlelo esikoleni ngempumelelo ngaphezulu.

imidlalo postmodernists

imibono postmodernist ababebheka ku humanities Western ekuqaleni nge nobunzima, kodwa ke bayabanjwa cishe ngokuphelele izingqondo iningi lezazi, ekubeni, empeleni a Paradigm entsha ngokwesayensi. Esikhundleni bezibona odlule mechanistic yomuntu kanye nomphakathi nefilosofi zakudala kwabantu nganikwa omunye imodeli isekelwe enkolelweni yezinkolelo okunemibandela futhi subjective zabantu mayelana nezwe, kanye indima evelele nemibono e ekukhuleni komphakathi, kodwa kunalokho umncintiswano we imibono ehlukahlukene. Umhlaba postmodernists - athandani kakhulu kukhompyutha isiqophi game, okuyizinto elula, kalula imithetho eqondakalayo. Nokho, Le modeli lula zezwe futhi umphakathi isebenza kahle ezihlukahlukene izifundo, zama ukuyisebenzisa ukuze achaze yonke ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo yikho ngokoqobo ukuthi akwanele okuthile okubaluleke kakhulu kuye. Njenganoma yimuphi imodeli nekutfutfuka kwelizinga ngokoqobo, izwe postmodern kuyinto kwendikimba futhi kuphela ezifanelekela kungagcini ngezinjongo zocwaningo.

Imibono yamaKhomanisi James Kho for esikoleni esiphakeme

Ngeshwa, asikwazi kulesi sihloko ezembula izinga ubuntu ngokugcwele kaJakobe Guy ngisho ukuhlola igalelo lalo ukuthuthukiswa kwe-humanities. Sizozama ukugxila kuphela imibono wakhe kwezemfundo: lesi sazi siganga siye enikelwe umsebenzi wayo eminyakeni yamuva.

Empeleni abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye Guy emfundweni mzamo yokusebenzisa indlela ukuhlaziywa inkulumo umkhuba nomphakathi. Eqiniseka ukuthi indlela yakhe yesayensi ukungena ngempumelelo izisusa abantu kweqiniso ukuqonda izizathu ngezenzo zabo futhi zibikezela amathemba okuphila, Dzheyms Gi iphakamisa "Phakamisani amehlo enu" ezimisweni "iqiniso" emhlabeni jikelele hhayi kuphela abalandeli esikoleni sakhe kwesayensi, kodwa bonke abasha baseMelika ngqo ebhentshini esikoleni. Kuyinto lokhu "charter", ngokuvumelana usosayensi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba izingane, hhayi kakhulu ikhono ukufunda noma ukubhala.

Call lwemfundvo

Ukuba Yokuvukela isayensi, Guy uveza imibono ehluke kakhulu ashisekela izinguquko emkhakheni wezemfundo. Ngokusho usosayensi, the classic esikoleni uhlelo nge isiko ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka akukuniki umuntu ebaluleke kakhulu ekukwati kufundza nekubhala, okungukuthi ikhono lokwenza ngokoqobo yezenhlalakahle ukuhlolwa nomphakathi, ukuze ubone ukuthi iyiphi uhlelo izimiso zifakwa ngokuhlelwa komphakathi kanye ukuqonda osizakalayo ke (lapho wena wedwa lokhu wezwa?). Uhlelo Ki - wokumelana "nokukhohliswa" esikoleni, ukugcine njengelungelo isikhungo ukudluliswa amakhono kanye namasiko omphakathi. Usosayensi ufunda ngezwi eliphansi ukuthi isikole kufanele akuvezi "lesihlanu" umphakathi isimo, kodwa - nabakhiqizi imibono emisha. Kodwa ikakhulukazi Guy kuyinto washaqeka ukuthi isikole ayikwazanga dingisa emphakathini inkolo iningi baseMelika akavumanga ukuthi ukuphila endaweni yonke kwavela ngengozi kwaqala entweni engaphili, futhi bangabenzi - ngokusebenzisa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo esuka uhlobo lwenkawu olungavamile.

Ukuqamba ekufundiseni avela kuJakobe Guy

ingxenye osetshenziswayo theory kwezilimi AmaKh zezindlela ababezibheka nezindlela zokufundisa, okuyinto azithembisa ukwethulwa esikoleni esiphakeme. enye yalezi zindlela kuphela - isiqophi imidlalo, ukutadisha lapho umcwaningi ezahlukweni isikhathi esiningi. Dzheyms Gi uhlongoza ukulahla ukuhlakanipha okungokwesiko okuqonda of isiqophi imidlalo njengoba ukuphela kwendlela ukuzijabulisa, kodwa kunalokho kusetshenziswa indlela yokuqala usosayensi ukuze ubone umdali umqondo. Njalo ethandwa isiqophi umdlalo Guy azithola abanye incazelo, omunye eba ijubane isivinini kanye yokusabela, elinye - Amasosha ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinzima, kuhlanganise ngokubambisana namanye amalungu, njll Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - isiqophi imidlalo avumela umuntu ukuba azizwe kafushane njengomuntu isidali ngokoqobo ezithile. Ngokusho Guy, umuzwa kufanele idluliselwe emhlabeni wangempela, ku ngokubheka izinga exhumana nabantu womsebenzi okhokhelwayo.

Yini eyenza lo mdlalo?

Dzheyms Gi umxhwele isiqophi imidlalo, kodwa hhayi kuphela njengoba indoda ukugembula, kodwa futhi njengoba ososayensi. Uyakwazi ukuzibamba ukuthi umhlanganyeli wevidiyo ukhonza njengomdala unjiniyela prektirovschika ukuthi lizokwenza imicabango sendlela uxhumana imithetho izisethile nemiklamo ukufinyelela imiphumela ethile, kuye kukhethwa isu kwesokudla.

NgokukaJakobe AmaKh, ukusetshenziswa isiqophi imidlalo e inqubo yemfundo kuvula ithuba lokuba umuntu ukuqonda ezinye ngokoqobo entsha, ikhono ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ukucabanga nokuhlaziya yokudlala hhayi kuphela, eqanjiwe, kodwa kuyinto engokoqobo umgomo. a ewusizo amakhono lwezifundo okunjalo classical kungaqali ngokucacile.

Ukuhlolwa imicabango imfundo James Kho

Ukubukwa nemibono Guy kwezemfundo - original kakhulu futhi ezingahambisani nezivamile. Bona ngokulambisa bakwamukele lwanamuhla uhlelo lwemfundo futhi kungalindelwa usosayensi, kungabangela eziningi yokuphikisana ukwethulwa kohlelo. Noma kunjalo, Guy ayeqiniseka isidingo sokuthuthukisa izinhlelo ukucabanga, lokusungula, isifiso sihlaziye ngokoqobo kwemvelo futhi wenze okwatholakala le ukuhlaziywa. Konke lokhu bantule esikoleni yesimanje American, futhi kube kufanele. Nokho, i-efanayo "esibulalayo" ukuxilongwa akudingekile ukubeka izinhlelo zemfundo, ezifana Finland, Japan noma Israyeli, lapho kunzima ukulinganisela phakathi amasiko esikoleni futhi yesimanje game izakhi ukuqeqeshwa. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo ukucabanga - akuyona njalo ezinye imfihlo, ulwazi okulumba, kodwa umkhiqizo ejwayelekile ingqondo, okuyinto kuveza ne nenqubo eyiyo ekufundeni.

Ukusetshenziswa isiqophi imidlalo e emihlambini kudinga ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kanye nokwamukelwa. Siyazi ukuthi izingane akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola ukuthi lapho umdlalo isiqophi uphela, futhi lapho - ukuphila iqala langempela imithetho, imithetho, futhi impela palpable, hhayi nemiphumela ebonakalayo yezenzo. Ngalo mqondo, lithathelwe isiqophi umdlalo ungakuvumeli ukuba ngokoqobo umgomo. Izinzuzo, othi Guy, kulindeleke noma kuhlelwe ubufakazi kuphela umkhuba usosayensi okwamanje. Ngakho-ke, senza ushintsho olukhulu izinhlelo osungulwe futhi izikhungo, ngeke ugijimele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, asikwazi ukukhipha ukusetshenziswa izicelo okungenzeka isiqophi imidlalo, imibono okwengeziwe umbhali uyavuma ukuthi babe munye nje amathuluzi ezemfundo arsenal esikoleni esiphakeme.