Cytology - kuyini?

Cytology - kuyini? Ukuze uthole ukuvezwa ephelele eside kufanele ubheke ulimi lwesiGreki sakuqala, ngoba wathathwa kuwo futhi kwenzeka. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi "kitos" lasendulo Greek - yeseli, futhi "logo" - mfundiso. Ngakho, Cytology - kuyini? Kuyinto isayensi amaseli. Uma ukudalula isihloko kabanzi, kuba ukusho ukuthi ukutadisha isakhiwo kanye nezimiso wokusebenza kwabo.

Umlando ukuvela kanye nokuthuthukiswa isayensi

Microscope wokuqala yasungulwa phakathi XVII leminyaka. Empeleni, sibonga kule divayisi futhi kukhona Cytology. Kusho ukuthini? Iqiniso ukuthi kwathiwa ubukele eziphilayo ngokusebenzisa design bakudala ka khulu, le eyiNgisi Robert Guk wokuqala wathola ukuthi bonke yakhiwa microparticles sihlukaniswe. Wabiza kangakanani ezitokisini zabo. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, enye umcwaningi - Antonie Leeuwenhoek zokugeza - wathola ukuthi wonke amaseli une-odwe Sakhiwo sangekhatsi kanye nokusebenza amaphethini athile. Wabuye ungumnikazi futhi ukuvulwa cores. Nokho, umqondo walo isakhiwo amaseli kanye nekhono abo ukuba baphile isikhathi eside thiya ukuthuthukiswa ezibuthakathaka microscopes. Izinyathelo abalulekile ezilandelayo zithathwe phakathi kwekhulu XIX, lapho ubuchwepheshe ukuthi ngcono kakhulu. Imiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu kule nkathi Cytology njengoba isayensi - ukudalwa cell theory kanye kokutholakala protoplasm.

iseli theory

Kusetshenziswa zanqwabelana kule nkathi ulwazi enokwehla, izazi zezinto eziphilayo ezimbili - T. futhi M. Schwann Schleiden - ngokoqobo ngesikhathi esifanayo enikeza wezesayensi umqondo wokuthi wonke izilwane kanye nezitshalo akhiwa ngokuphelele amayunithi afanayo - amaseli. Futhi ngayinye yalezi amaseli ngamunye has property a eziphilayo. Lokhu ukumelwa amafomu zokuphila eziyinkimbinkimbi Umhlaba uye waba nomthelela omkhulu ukuqhubeka wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo.

Ukutholakala protoplasm

Enye impumelelo ebalulekile ososayensi kule ndawo kwaba ukutholakala kanye nencazelo protoplasm - ikhemikhali igcwalisa umzimba cell futhi uhlobo ophansi imizimba yayo kwesakhiwo. Kamuva, ulwazi protoplasm abangu lujule futhi ingasebenza modified ngokuqhathaniswa nokwangempela. Namuhla, isangoma iseli ezinjalo ngokuthi i-cytoplasm.

ukuqhubeka

Ama-chromosomes e - sibonga cwaningo lamaseli Engxenyeni XIX corpuscles ngokuqhubekayo eziqukethwe ikhenela yesibili Kuye kwavulwa. Isifundo sabo ukutholakala yokuthi ngamunye zilwane inombolo ethile njalo wama-chromosomes, ukuthi ikhenela liye labizwa shí zizalela, kwaholela ekutholakaleni ngokuqhubeka zofuzo yomthetho. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba ukufunda ukuthuthukiswa Cytology linemithetho oqondile yofuzo. Iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu kule ndawo ukwenze usosayensi Austrian ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka Gregor Mendel.

Cytology - okusho nesayensi yanamuhla?

Empeleni, ukuthuthukiswa amakhono obuchwepheshe nesayensi indlela Cytology kwenziwa phakathi XX leminyaka omunye izici ezibaluleke kakhulu yolwazi begazi. izindlela zesimanje Cytology asetshenziswa ukukhethwa kanye ukufuya izinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo nezilwane ukuthi ziwusizo kubantu, ekutadisheni umdlavuza namakhono ukubhekana nazo, ezikhulayo izitho yokufakelwa, nokunye.