Bernard Shaw: Biography, umsebenzi, imisebenzi

Emngceleni XIX-XX eminyaka izincwadi emhlabeni baqala ukuvela izinhlobo uhlamvu olusha obelungekho netingcikitsi. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi izincwadi kwekhulu entsha kwaba ukuthi protagonists ayesengaphansi hhayi abantu, nemibono, kunjalo futhi abambe iqhaza ngokugcwele senzo. Abalobi bokuqala abake waqala ukubhalela "idrama imibono" babe H. Ibsen, laseChekhov, futhi-ke, i-Shaw. Nakubukwa wawoyise tetemibhalo, Shaw wakwazi iqhaza ukudalwa isimiso esisha shá okukhulu.

Imininingwane omlando womuntu

Dzhordzh Bernard Shou, wemidlalo abaziwa umhlaba wonke, wazalwa ngo-July 26, 1856 enhlokodolobha yase-Ireland - Dublin. Ngisho nalapho ngiseyingane wayephikisana obala yabonisa Ukunganeliseki zabo Lwebulungisa imfundo, okuyinto kakhulu inyumbazane futhi wazama isikhathi esiningi esingakanani okufanele usichithe ukufunda. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, isb. E. Ngo 1871, waqala umsebenzi wokuba umabhalane, futhi ngo-1876 ukuya eNgilandi, nakuba inhliziyo yakhe njalo wayevela Ireland. Kuyinto ikakhulukazi manifest zezombusazwe kanye nokungalingani kwezenhlalo, lokuyintfo lesite kumbhali abasha lungadambisa umlingisi futhi sibonise bonke izingxabano esikhathini esizayo eyinkinga naye emsebenzini.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-'70 Shaw ekugcineni wanquma esizayo lami wakhetha izincwadi njengendlela umsebenzi. In the 80s waqala ukusebenza umculo umhlaziyi, Umbuyekezi etemibhalo yaseshashalazini mbhalo. izihloko Bright yokuqala ngokushesha sivuse isithakazelo phakathi abafundi.

amasampula of the esibayeni

Imisebenzi yokuqala ye umbhali - inoveli lapho uzama ukuthuthukisa siqu indlela yayo eqondile ne eziningi eziphikisanayo izigcawu egqamile. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi ngemisebenzi George Bernard Shaw ukuthi, kunalokho, kukhona imidwebo wokuqala tetemibhalo, siwulimi ephilayo, izingxoxo ezithakazelisayo, izinhlamvu ongasoze walibaleka, konke kudingekile ukuze ube umbhali oluvelele.

Ngo-1885, uBernard Shaw, ngubani idlala baba echwepheshile, waqala umsebenzi umkhiqizo "Indlu umfelwa", okuyinto kwasho ukuqala a drama entsha e-England.

ukubukwa nomphakathi

indima ebalulekile umbukiso njengendlela umlobi kudlalwa nemibono yakhe yezombusazwe kanye nomphakathi. Eminyakeni engu-80 wayeyilungu umphakathi UFabian. Imibono egqugquzelwa yileli inhlangano, elula ukuyiqonda, uma wazi lapho kwaba yigama lawo. Umphakathi yaqanjwa jikelele cunctator Roman Fabius, ngubani amqoba umbusi onesihluku we waseCarthage uHannibal ngokunembile ngoba wakwazi ukulinda bese ukhetha isikhathi esifanele. Salandela basebenzisa lezi zindlela ezifanayo kanye Fabians, naye ayethanda balinde kuze sizokwazi akuqede-capitalism.

Bernard Shaw, omisebenzi yakhe enzelwe ukuvula umfundi ukuba azifundele okuqukethwe nezinselele ezintsha besikhathi sethu, khona umsekeli oshisekayo ushintsho emphakathini. Wayefuna uguquko hhayi nje lukhuni izisekelo ne-capitalism, kodwa futhi lekucamba all-out in the ubuciko okukhulu.

Bernard Shaw and Ibsen

Akunakwenzeka ukunqabela yokuthi umbukiso fan othembeke kunabo ithalente Ibsen sika. Wasekela ngokugcwele imibono wemidlalo Norwegian ku nenze ushintsho oludingekayo izincwadi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Shaw eyingoduso in ze asebenzayo imibono nezithombe zakhe. Ngo-1891, waba umbhali wencwadi ethi "Quintessence ibsenizma", lapho ubonisa inzondo yakhe we lzhemorali wobunxiwankulu nokuzibopha ukubhujiswa kwezifiso zamanga.

Ngokusho Shaw, Ibsen emisha ebonakaliswa ukudalwa izingxabano ezinodlame kanye zikhona ezinengqondo, izingxoxo olubucayi. Kuyinto ngenxa Ibsen, laseChekhov futhi Shaw mpikiswano buye baba ingxenye ebalulekile edrameni etja.

"Lomsebenzi uNkk Warren sika"

Omunye kudlala ethandwa kakhulu wombhali kuyinto ukubhinqa esibi uVictoria England. Kanye Ibsen, Shaw sikhombisa iphutha omkhulu phakathi ukubukeka ngokoqobo, ngaphandle sokuhlonishwa kanye nullity engaphakathi amaqhawe abo.

Ikhaya udlala Heroine - intombazane zobuhle lula, okungase ugcine inhlokodolobha sina ngosizo izikebhe wakhe. Ukuzama bathethelele indodakazi yakhe, ngubani alazi ngomthombo emindenini, uNkk Warren ekhuluma ngendawo ngobumpofu lapho abephila ngakho ngaphambili, zithi kuye ebeka wakhe kule yokuphila. Omunye angase acabangele lolu hlobo umsebenzi anikwazi ukuza ukunambitha, kodwa uBernard Shaw uchazela umfundi ukuthi uNkk UWarren wayengumfowabo waphathwa ngendlela umphakathi amadivayisi engenabulungisa. Umbhali akasahluleli uhlamvu wakhe, ngoba nje waqhubeka mayelana umphakathi, othi bonke izindlela zinhle inzuzo.

Uma ebheka emuva, Ukwakheka kohlaziyo, okuyinto lathathwa Ibsen Shaw, lapha ezalethwa Iwawo ejwayelekile: iqiniso ngokuphathelene nokuphila uNkk Warren, kuvula kancane kancane. Ekugcineni juqu we play ingxoxo phakathi umlingisi losemcoka nendodakazi yakhe, ogama image umzamo wokuqala nombhali ukuyichazela iqhawe omuhle.

Udlala ngoba amaPuritan

Zonke kudlala yakhe umbhali izigaba ezintathu: ezimnandi, ezingemnandi, bese amaPuritan. I ezingemnandi udlala umbhali uzamile ziveza ukubonakaliswa abesabekayo senhlalo of England. Pleasant, kunalokho, kwadingeka ukubungaza umfundi. Plays ngoba amaPuritan Sihlose ukuthi adalule sengqondo komlobi le lzhemorali olusemthethweni.

Izitatimende Bernard Shaw mayelana nemidlalo lwakhe amaPuritan kushiwo esethulweni sencwadi yakhe, eyakhishwa ngo-1901. Umbhali uthi wayengeyena bulu akesabi ukuyichazela imizwa kodwa sibambene imininingwane yonke imicimbi nezenzo abalingiswa bathande nezisusa. Uma ulandela lesi simiso, ngokuvumelana wemidlalo, akekho kungaba abanesibindi, uhlobo noma ophanayo, uma hhayi uthando.

"Heartbreak House"

Umdlalo "Heartbreak House", ezibhaliwe ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, imakwe inkathi entsha ekuthuthukiseni ukubhalwa show zokudala. Isimo esibucayi of wesimanje zokuziphatha kumbhali wagqoka nezazi ngesiNgisi. Ukuze uqinisekise lo mbono ekupheleni play kukhona isithombe ufanekisela umkhumbi emzileni, okuyinto zintanta ebumnyameni induna othathe umhlalaphansi kusuka ibhuloho umphathi-mkhosi wakhe, futhi abashiya iqembu lakhe i sokulinda nandaba ngoba inhlekelele.

Kulesi play, Bernard Shou, Biography emfushane ebonisa ukuthi izibophezele ekutheni lo sesimanje uhlelo tetemibhalo, ugqokise okwangempela e izingubo ezintsha bese uyinika izici ezivelele. Umbhali uphendukela eqanjiwe, kufanekisa elibi allegory zezombusazwe nefilosofi. izimo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi elibi futhi abalingisi ukubonisa kumnandi izinhlobo kwezobuciko nezithombe, baye esiyingxenye ebalulekile drama yakhe, futhi ikakhulukazi ngokucacile kubonakala ukubhinqa zezombusazwe. Bakhonza ukuba avule amehlo ethu ukuba kumfundi wanamuhla isimo kweqiniso imvelo bezepolitiki.

Le isihlokwana nombhali libhekisela play wakhe "fantasy isitayela Russian Amatimu English", okubonisa ukuthi ezaba isibonelo ukuze ukudlala UTolstoy futhi laseChekhov. Bernard Shaw, ogama amabhuku ahloselwe edalula yangaphakathi indle namaqhawe laseChekhov ihlola imiphefumulo futhi ephukile izinhliziyo abadlali of inoveli yakhe, ngubani ngokungacabangi ukuchitha emagugu emasiko lesizwe.

"I-Apple Kufakiwe"

Kwelinye kudlala yakhe ethandwa kakhulu - "The Apple Kufakiwe" - wemidlalo liyakhuluma ngokuphela izici isimo setepolitiki e-England, umsolwa wesithathu yokuqala yekhulu XX. Ekhuluma ngesici esiyinhloko play - ingxoxo elite zezombusazwe, King Magnus futhi iKhabhinethi. Ongqongqoshe, ayekhethwa ngabantu, t. E. Ngendlela yeningi, kusungulwe kohlobo ngumthethosisekelo kahulumeni isimo, kuyilapho iNkosi ungibelesela ngokuthi amandla isimo kwakungekaNkulunkulu kuphela uhulumeni. Ingxoxo nge satirical ukubayisigebengu isici evumela abalobi ukubonisa isimo sabo sengqondo kweqiniso maqondana nezikhungo zikahulumeni futhi uchaze ukuthi ubani obusa izwe ngempela.

Bernard Shaw, ogama biography ubala zonke asenyanya ngayo noma yimaphi amandla ezingomashiqela, uyafuna ukubonisa eyiqiniso isimo ingxabano, hhayi kuphela e-udweshu phakathi autocracy futhi kvazidemorkatii, kodwa futhi "plutocracy." Ngokusho umbhali, igama elithi "plutocracy," usho into ukuthi ezicashe ekuvikeleni intando yeningi, wabhubhisa igunya kanye nentando yeningi uqobo. Kwathi Yiqiniso, hhayi ngaphandle kosizo zababusi, ngokuvumelana Bernard Shaw. Izilinganiso kwemisebenzi kungenziwa kuphela baqinise lo mbono. Ngokwesibonelo: "Inkosi - lena enhle usethe kweqembu rogues, ngcono ukuhola izwe, usebenzisa inkosi njengoba unodoli," - uthi Magnus.

"Pygmalion"

Phakathi imisebenzi ukukhombisa iminyaka yangaphambi impi, ivelele ahlekisayo "Pygmalion." Lapho ebhalela le ucezu, umlobi laphefumulelwa inganekwane yasendulo. It libhekisela Umqophi wezithombe okuthiwa Pygmalion, ngubani wathandana isithombe wadala eyedwa futhi wacela unkulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite avuselele lesi sidalwa, bese isithombe emangalisayo opopayi waba mfazi umdali wakhe.

Shaw wabhala inguqulo yesimanje le nkolelo-ze, lapho abalingiswa abasemqoka akuzona wasenganekwaneni, kuba abantu abajwayelekile, kodwa ngesisusa kuyafana: kumbhali polishes indalo yakhe. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe Pigmalona lapha UProfesa Higgins, ubani ozama ukwenza intokazi aphume Eliza simpleton, kodwa ngenxa yalokho-ke okungenazinkinga engokwemvelo wakhe, ukushintsha ube umuntu ongcono. Kulapha kuphakama umbuzo wokuthi ubani umbhali amaqhawe amabili, futhi ubani isidalwa, nakuba umdali main Yebo, waba Bernard Shaw.

Biography Eliza abameleli ngempela ejwayelekile ngaleso sikhathi, futhi baphumelela amafonethiki Uprofesa Higgins ufuna wakhe ukukhohlwa ukuthi uzungezwe ngaphambili sakhe, waba intokazi imfashini. Ngenxa yalokho, "umqophi" wakwenza. ukuguqulwa isimo ngokuyisimangaliso protagonist Shaw zazifuna ukubonisa ukuthi, eqinisweni, awukho umahluko phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene omphakathi. Noma yimuphi umuntu angase abe unakho, inkinga kuphela yokuthi ayikho indlela nekuwusebentisa empofu labantu kwezakhi.

isiphetho

Bernard Shaw, izingcaphuno imisebenzi aziwa wonke umuntu ofundile, isikhathi eside akakwazanga ukufeza ukuqashelwa wahlala ithunzi, ngoba abamemezeli wenqaba ukunyathelisa umsebenzi wakhe. Kodwa naphezu kwazo zonke izithiyo, wakwazi ukufeza siqu sakhe bese ngiba omunye wezikhonzi ababhali bemidlalo ethandwa kakhulu waso sonke isikhathi. Isifiso, lapho ngesinye luzoqala, uma kungekhona ukuthi baphenduke dlela baba leitmotif of the omkhulu wemidlalo isiNgisi, wamvumela ukuba hhayi kuphela ukudala i ekudalweni olungenakuqhathaniswa, kodwa futhi ukuba abe idrama zakudala.