Inani isikhumba umzimba womuntu

Isikhumba yisona sakhiwo owaba umqansa kunayo yonke futhi voluminous iningi indoda. Ikhono lethu ukuba siphile ngayo linendima ebalulekile, kodwa ngoba umzimba element kwesakhiwo esikhulu. Ukuvikela, ukulondoloza ukushisa futhi amanzi ibhalansi, isekela ukuphila ngaphansi kwezimo lapho umuntu ahlala kulo. Futhi-ke, akusiyo kuphela ukubaluleka isikhumba emzimbeni. It has imisebenzi eminingi, okuyinto edingekayo ukuze siqonde ngokuningiliziwe. Lokhu kuzodinga ukubuyekeza isakhiwo eziyisisekelo isikhumba kanye nokusungulwa yeselula yayo kanye nezindlela esebenza ngayo.

Uhlolojikelele eziyisisekelo imisebenzi kwesikhumba

Phakathi imisebenzi eminingi emzimbeni, abaningi kungenziwa kuphela baqaphela ngokwesaba isikhumba. Uma kubhekwa ngasohlangothini iphuzu phylogenetic umbono, Isiphetho esisobala ukuthi sidalwe ukulondoloza uketshezi emzimbeni. Kwakudingeka ukuthi izinto eziphilayo ababengaphansi kwemibuso yakwamanye amazwe elizweni. Futhi kule phylogeny kwesikhumba lalibukeka ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kwabhalwa izikali zempi, beyizidlova kakhulu kubo unenkululeko ukuzivumelanisa imvelo, kodwa namanje ekwenzeni imisebenzi eyisisekelo. Phakathi kwabo:

• ukulawulwa lokushisa komzimba;

• zokuzivikela (isithiyo);

• Olawula (abathintekayo ngamanzi electrolyte exchange);

• uxhaso (igazi ukhonza njengelungu ezinokwaziswa);

• umzimba kanye endocrine;

• yokwamukela;

• mzimba;

• excretory.

Izici eshiwo ngenhla kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba isekela ukusebenza izinhlelo isitho. Yilesi isikhumba ukuze umzimba: it unesibopho ukuxhumana nge imvelo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvikela ke emiphumeleni elimazayo. Kuthatha ketshezi kusukela umzimba, kodwa futhi "Abaqaphi" ngoba lokushisa yayo akakhishwanga okungaphezu kokuphonswe yibo kufanele. Kwezinye izinto eziphilayo, isikhumba zihilelekile negesi lokushintshisana, edlala indima ukukhanya eyengeziwe. Kubantu, lo msebenzi - ngenxa isakhiwo yayo eyinkimbinkimbi umgudu wokuphefumula - lalahleka.

izici isakhi isikhumba

Isakhiwo zemfundo "Thina nezwe" ku "ukubaluleka isikhumba emzimbeni" (Grade 4) inikeza ulwazi mayelana oyiyo. Izinto ngoba lesi sifundo ezathathwa izincwadi Histology futhi izitho zomzimba kwesikhumba. Zinikeza ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokwakheka kwendawo engaphandle ikhava umzimba amaseli ezihilelekile ekwakhekeni yayo, futhi indlela ukusebenza.

I morphology kwesikhumba siqukethe izingqimba ezintathu: epidermis (ungqimba engenhla), dermis (papillary ungqimba futhi reticular) kanye okunamafutha izicubu. Lesi sakamuva kakhulu ngokujulile. Lezi izingqimba ezintathu futhi balolonge ikhava yethu. Esikhathini izicubu ongama eba adipose izicubu, umsebenzi umzimba wenza.

Ngo dermis ahlelwe igciwane isikhumba endaweni, kwakheka imithambo yegazi kanye ngababili ezinzwa (receptor). Lesi sakamuva bayakwazi ukubona ubunjalo bomzimba imvelo ngawo oxhumana naye. Futhi itholakala izingxenye dermis ekupheleni nezindlala umjuluko izinwele ifakwe esikhwameni fat.

Epidermis - kuba okungenani esebenzayo ingxenye, ngoba kuphela wenza umsebenzi zokuzivikela. Nokho, isikhumba mkhulu emzimbeni, futhi ngenxa yakhe, ngoba ngaphandle ukuvikelwa umzimba womuntu kweso obala ezicini eziningi, kuhlanganise izici ezingokomzimba, begazi futhi amakhemikhali. Ngisho ngumkhuhlane elula, noma kunalokho oscillation yayo uhla degrees 10 uzobhubhisa kithi, uma hhayi khona multi-ungqimba we epidermis.

Iqhaza isikhumba thermoregulation

Inani oyinhloko isikhumba inqubo thermoregulation inselele enzima. It is lokhu umzimba has thermoreceptors okuyothi lungacacisa kuma lokushisa eseduze. Kubhekwe le mininingwane, inqubo isiqondiso kwenzeka e nezinga lokushisa komzimba. Ezimweni lapho ngokomzimba imingcele naphakathi idlule, umzimba kuhlanganisa izinqubo ukujuluka futhi isikhumba semithambo ukunwetshwa iluphu. Ngenxa yalokhu, it is selehlile, futhi ukuba khona izimo ezinjalo kuba ngokunethezeka.

Ezimweni lapho izinga lokushisa emzimbeni ingezansi uchaza isikhumba, receptor abandayo uhamba ngebhayisikili. Ziyakwazi cishe izikhathi 5-6 mkhulu kunezinhliziyo la mangqamuzana ukushisa. Khona-ke le nqubo iqale kabusha ekunciphiseni ukudluliswa ukushisa ngokusebenzisa izitsha ewumngcingo nokwehlisa ebusweni isikhumba (ihansi inyama). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo zithuthukiswa lipid agayeke nezicubu evumela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa ezinye ukushisa ukuxoxa umzimba kanye nokugcina yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe.

umsebenzi Avikelayo

Nokho, thermoregulation - lokhu akulona nje kubalulekile isikhumba zomzimba womuntu. Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukuvikelwa hhayi kuphela ngokumelene ukushisa nokubanda, kodwa futhi kwamanye izici amakhemikhali, engokoqobo futhi yemvelo. Iqhaza main isithiyo (zokuzivikela) umsebenzi kungokwalabo epidermis. isakhiwo sayo lipophilic kukhawulela ukulethwa percutaneous izidakamizwa, uyakwazi ukuncibilikisa emanzini.

Futhi ungqimba epidermal amaseli ivikela kusukela izici mechanical - angawethusi, ukubhoboza, ukuzisika. I epidermis kunzima kakhulu kunalokho dermis namafutha, futhi ngaleyo ndlela noma imuphi yale miphumela eyayiyoholela umonakalo ngokungathi sína, bangabi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungqimba phezu.

Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukuvikelwa ngokumelene ionizing emisebeni, okungenani ku-medium eside wokuzuliswa imvamisa low. Ikakhulu, i-isikhumba ukuvikeleka okuhle kusuka emisebeni yelanga, kodwa awukwazi ukuvikela umzimba kusuka gamma-ray Quanta. Akumangalisi ukuthi kusukela yokugcina bayakwazi ukungena ngokusebenzisa izindonga kakhonkolo. Kodwa ngisho khona isivikelo neutron emisebeni ngokumelene kusuka-alpha izinhlayiya kanye ultraviolet emisebeni ukusuka kakhulu bandisa ngokunamandla kangaka ukuphila komuntu.

Futhi ngoba izici ezingokomzimba kuphela bangambulala umzimba wethu, kufanele isungule isivikelo bahlaseli begazi. Ziyakwazi amagciwane saprophytic, amagciwane, isikhunta protists. Bonke ngesikhumba akwazi ukungena futhi ikoloni Uhlonze lwalo kuphela isikhunta. Futhi kuphela ngenxa namagatsha awo mycelium futhi zibe izikhala phakathi izikali epidermal, abalibala kuzo. Kodwa lamagciwane epidermis ngokuqinile uvikela umzimba kanye isikhumba kubalulekile mayelana nomzimba womuntu uchaza kafushane zonke izinqubo okuzivumelanisa yizici zemvelo.

Amanzi futhi electrolyte isiqondiso

isikhumba Omkhulu Kubalulekile umzimba futhi ukulawulwa ibhalansi uketshezi electrolyte. Yini ibangelwa ngabodwa sodium, amanzi kanye chloride ion e umjuluko. Futhi, nge lolu ketshezi sisuswa futhi abanye ezinobuthi i imvelo ene-asidi. Lokhu kudala amathuba ezithakazelisayo ukuze umzimba, okuyinto opholile ovela ketshezi lalo.

Imvelo ngokomzimba yenqubo ukuhwamuka kanje: lokuqala ngokusebenzisa izithukuthuku indlala yamanzi excreted. Kusukela womjuluko isikhumba iyasha, kanjalo ukupholisa ke. Kulesi ukuhwamuka kubangela ukulahlekelwa energy kinetic zishintshe amanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhumba lokushisa kancane encishisiwe. By the way, inqubo yemvelo alusebenti lwaluyophola umzimba ezimweni lapho ezizungezile imvelo esishisayo (isib in the okugeza).

Nokufaka umsebenzi igazi

Dermis ingenye amanethiwekhi olunzulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo semithambo. Kulokhu, zintathu kuphela: imithambo ababili kwathi omunye emithambo yegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba kuyinto capillary ebanzi lapho igazi kungenziwa abanjwe. Lokhu kukuvumela ukugcina ezinye ke ukuze ukucindezeleka ngesikhathi yokusabela bokuphila ukukhulula bese ubuyela egazini ngoba negesi lokushintshisana.

Vele izitsha isikhumba kungaba kanyekanye buthelela kufika ku-15% wezindleko igazi ivolumu, okuyinto kushintsha njalo ukuze uvimbele kodaka bese thrombus kumiswa. Uma ufika isignali humoral ukuthi arteriole yomzimba ufuna ukwandisa bawubeka ezinyakazayo ngenxa yokucindezeleka ngenhla nombundu, igazi liphuma kuma-capillary emuva ku kwegazi. Umzimba ngenxa yalesi siyonezela ukukhuthazela namandla. Futhi njengoba kuvame kusindisa ukuphila uma kwenzeka ingozi, ukubaluleka isikhumba umzimba womuntu kulokhu nje omkhulu.

Endocrine kanye umsebenzi umzimba

amafutha Ongama - amafutha isitoreji isitho. Kugcine kudliwe kancane ukunikeza amandla izidingo eyisipele. Kungenxa yokuthi izicubu fat esithathwayo umzimba ekuqa- zokugcina, ngakho ukunciphisa umzimba kunzima kangaka. Nokho, manje kubalulekile ngoba isikhumba womuntu - awuyona into eyinhloko. Okubaluleke kakhulu endocrine umsebenzi, okungukuthi ukulawulwa indlala satiety.

izicubu Adipose kuyinto izicubu ongama indlala enamandla okwazi ukukhulula izinto esilawula satiety. Futhi umuzwa indlala, "kusho" ezingeni glucose egazini. Uma uwela, kukhona indlala. Njengoba ukugcwaliswa it is engasenamahloni hormone kusukela izicubu adipose, okuyinto "zizitshela" ukuthi ukudla akufanele lidliwe ngaphezulu.

Yokwamukela umsebenzi kwesikhumba

Kucoca ngesihloko "Inani isikhumba emzimbeni" (izifundo 4th grade esikoleni ke), akunakwenzeka ukuba indiva umsebenzi yokwamukela. It - omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ikuvumela ukuba uthole ulwazi mayelana imvelo. Isikhumba ngokusebenzisa ama-receptor inquma lokushisa medium, kwabantu ezinye izinto, nomswakama, ukuthungwa ebusweni kanye nemingcele morphological.

Ngisho zobuhlungu ise isikhumba elisivikela ekutholeni umonakalo omkhulu. Futhi ukuthi ubuhlungu iyona "ukuxhuma umthombolwazi kude" of impilo yabantu.

umsebenzi Excretory kwesikhumba

Isikhumba ngenxa yokubakhona izithukuthuku nezindlala uyakwazi unekhemikhali imikhiqizo umzimba. Njengomthetho, lokhu okusezingeni eliphezulu isisindo yamangqamuzana izinto lipophilic noma hydrophilic molecule encane nge ukusabela acid. Eyokuqala kukhona amaprotheni namafutha ayadingeka ukuze ngelapha izinwele, e isibani ephumela uvule imbobo nezindlala sebaceous.

Ingqikithi yesibili (ongaphakeme isisindo yamangqamuzana) iwe lapha ngokuqondile igazi zitholakala phezu kwalokho. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umsebenzi excretory kwesikhumba kusobala ukuthi isifo efana sifo. With ukuthuthukiswa legazi lakhe kakhulu anda inani uric acid, okuyinto okukhipha kamuva ngesikhumba ngesimo zinhlayiya.

Esinye isibonelo ngeshwa akuphelele. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso ngomzamo excretion of Bile acid e izilonda isibindi parenchymal. Kodwa namanje, lokhu isikhumba ukubaluleka okukhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuphila umzimba, ngoba esiza ekulawuleni exchange of ezinobuthi futhi eziyingozi. Futhi lokhu ingenye izindlela ezisekela ukuphila.

umsebenzi mzimba

Vumelana Kumqoka kakhulu esikhumbeni emzimbeni womuntu. Isithombe eziphathelene enamathiselwe njengenhlangano yezinto zokwenza imifanekiso ebabonisa lokho isakhiwo sethu eziyinkimbinkimbi ine ikhava yangaphandle. Kunzima ukukucabanga, kodwa kukhona futhi zenzeka izimpendulo mzimba ukuthi zibalulekile ukuze kuvikeleke wonke umzimba. Futhi hhayi ukuvikela izitha zangaphandle kanye izici, kusukela Amagciwane wangena imvelo yangaphakathi. Futhi lo msebenzi luyasetshenziswa esebenzisa ama-neutrophil monocytes, ama-macrophage nama-lymphocyte.

Futhi khona esikhumbeni Langerhans amaseli bese basophils. Bona lokulawula izimpendulo wendawo zokuzivikela mzimba futhi behileleke antigen isethulo plasma amaseli. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umsebenzi mzimba kwesikhumba umlamuleli futhi yezindlela ezibalulekile ukuthi kumele kuthathwe njengento umzimba. isigubungelo yethu obungaphandle esizeni zamagama kubalulekile sokuthuthukiswa izivikeli mzimba kanye womuntu skeleton provitamin D.

Esikhathini esizayo, kuyoba isigaba nokwelashwa izinso futhi ngeke ukwenza umsebenzi walo. Nokho, esikhundleni lasungulwa isikhumba. Lapha, ngaphansi kwethonya zokukhanya oku-ultraviolet, inani elincane isikhumba namanje ngokucophelela sidlula ngokwayo, okuzelwe yalolu ketshezi. Futhi ukubaluleka kwayo sokuthuthukiswa lwamathambo omkhulu. A indima isikhumba wonke umzimba omkhulu nakakhulu.