I Sakhiwo sangaphandle frog. Izici Sakhiwo sangaphandle futhi sangaphakathi isibonelo amphibian frog

Amaxoxo - kakhulu owaziwa phakathi kwezilwane eziphila ezweni nezilwane. Lezi zilwane zitholakala cishe emhlabeni wonke, kusukela ezishisayo ehlane. I Sakhiwo sangaphandle frog kuyafana isakhiwo nezinye izilwane alesi sigaba. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba walo iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ezingeni lokushisa elifanele. usayizi omdala ziyahlukahluka kusuka amasentimitha 1 kuya 32.

Ixoxo zilwane emhlabeni 4000. Kunenkolelo ukuthi siqala Afrika bese nakwamanye amazwekazi.

Ebusika, amaxoxo yokucashisa. They sitheza ngaphakathi phansi machibi, noma imigodi.

Umsuka izilwane zasemhlabeni

izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni Okokuqala uvele cishe abayizigidi ezingu-300 edlule. I Sakhiwo sangaphandle amaxoxo, ngisho nendlela yabo yokuphila futhi ubuhlobo obuseduze amanzi ibonisa ukuthi izilwane zasemhlabeni savela izinhlanzi. Ososayensi bakwazi ukuthola izinsalela lwendlovu engasekho. Ngokungafani nezilwane eziphila ezweni yesimanje nomzimba wabo embozwe izikali. A isakhiwo skull efana isakhiwo Crossopterygii.

Futhi frog nezakudala kwadingeka amaphiko namaphaphu, okuyinto iphuma esinyeni bhukuda. Sasinemisila ukuthi akudingeki amaxoxo yesimanje.

Amaxoxo ukuphila kuphela amanzi ahlanzekile futhi ngosizo amaphiko kungaba ukukhasa phansi ukusuka emzimbeni amanzi eyodwa kuya kwenye. Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa frog waqhubeka, futhi ngokuhamba kwemvelo, ayenakho kumufi.

izindawo

Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi impilo Ukhala wenziwa amanzi ahlanzekile noma ogwini. Ukudla frog wabanjwa phezu, kodwa uma ingozi ngokushesha iya ngezansi. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo cishe akasoze amshiya amanzi, kanti abanye bahlala amanzi kuphela yokukhwelana.

Ngo ukuvela isakhiwo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle Ukhala washintsha. It ingashintshwa ukuze baphile nje kuphela eduze kwamanzi. amaxoxo futhi bahlala izindawo umswakama high: emaxhaphozini, emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Kukhona zilwane ezihlala ezihlahleni futhi cishe akasoze nabo musa ikhasi.

skeleton

skeleton Ixoxo kakhulu efana amathambo endoda perch, kodwa ngenxa yesimo yokuphila enezinto eziningi izici. Umehluko ezibaluleke kakhulu - kuba phambi nasemilenzeni. I forelimbs axhunyiwe nomgogodla esebenzisa esitho ibhande amathambo. imilenze Hind anamekwe yomgogodla, hip ithambo.

Skull frog has amathambo abangaphansi kuka-inhlanzi Yekhanda. Kodwa amathambo gill namakhava gill azikho. Ukuphefumula senzeka nge emaphashini.

Emgogodleni frog siqukethe amathambo futhi 9 has ezine: i wesibeletho, truncal, sacral futhi caudal. esifubeni amathambo kukhona protselnym, unikezwe lwesikhathi engenhla kanye umkhawulo umsele umgogodla. Inombolo amathambo cishe yonke amaxoxo kuyinto eziyisikhombisa. Izimbambo kule amphibian akuyona.

vertebra Sacral has eyodwa, futhi ixhumanisa emgogodleni kanye ukhalo. Tail amphibian engekho, kodwa umgogodla umsila khathesi ulithambo eyodwa eside, okuyinto wabunjwa ngezithukuthuku amathambo eziningana tho.

emgogodleni wesibeletho siqukethe vertebra eyodwa kuphela futhi ixhumanisa ikhanda nomgogodla. Lokhu skeleton frog ihlukile isakhiwo, neyezinhlanzi. Banezinhliziyo umgogodla uMnyango khona.

Yakha kwemisipha

Imisipha frog wehlukile imisipha zezinhlanzi. Akufani nje ehamba emanzini, kodwa futhi ukuphila ezweni. ithuthukiswe Iningi imisipha amaxoxo kanye Toads - iyona imisipha yezingalo nemilenze yangemuva. Siyabonga kubo, zingenza kube kuzuba. Ngokungafani inhlanzi amaxoxo bayakwazi kancane ikhanda lakho.

ukubukeka frog

Uyini Sakhiwo sangaphandle frog? Siqukethe esifubeni, ekhanda, kuqhame nasemilenzeni indluzelekazi. Umngcele phakathi emzimbeni nomzimba Akucaci kakhulu, intamo yaso cishe lingekho. umzimba frog lithé ukuba likhudlwana kune ekhanda. Izici Sakhiwo sangaphandle frog ukuthi alinaso umsila, futhi yacishe entanyeni sishoda. Inhloko likhulu. Amehlo zinkulu futhi kancane ophumile. zamabhodlela zabo eduze esobala lapho ukuvimbela omiswe, ukungcola umonakalo. Amehlo zitholakala ngezansi emakhaleni. Amehlo kanye emakhaleni ziphezulu ikhanda Phakathi nohambo kukhona phezu kwamanzi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uphefumule fresh air futhi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni ukulawula okwenzekayo phezu kwamanzi. On the ongenhla kukhona sesibalo samazinyo encane.

Izindlebe ezinjengezikaNkulunkulu amaxoxo khona, kodwa ngemuva esweni ngalinye kukhona indilinga lencane, isikhumba evikelwe. It kontwentwesi. isikhumba Amphibian esithambile futhi wambozwa isikhwehlela. sici wakhe - shift isihlobo emzimbeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphansi kwesikhumba kukhona semali isikhala - okubizwa ngokuthi i-lymph amasaka. Ixoxo isikhumba angenalutho nasebubini. Lokhu kusiza Ukungena uketshezi kanye amagesi emzimbeni walo.

sici Amaxoxo ukuthi ungaphila ngaphandle kwesikhumba. Mayelana Nalolu Hlelo Eqinisweni kufakazela molting gqwa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho isilwane ewalahla, futhi ngemva kokudla.

umbala

Ezimweni eziningi, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni ukulingisa imvelo. Ngakho-ke umbala allover endaweni lapho izimpilo frog. Olunye uhlobo, kukhona amaseli akhethekile ukuthi ungashintsha umbala kuncike imvelo.

Ezindaweni ezishisayo zingatholakala izilwane zasemhlabeni ukuthi zipendwe ngemibala egqamile kakhulu. Umbala enjalo ikwenza isilwane anobuthi. Lokhu sivimbele izitha.

Kukhona nemibala eminingi emihle lalesi silwane. India iyikhaya rainbow frog, okuyinto into yokukhulekela. isikhumba sakhe ngaso nazo zonke imibala rainbow.

Olunye uhlobo elingavamile ingilazi has a frog. isikhumba sakhe esobala ngokuphelele, futhi ungakwazi ukubona ingaphakathi wakhe.

virulence

Ezinye izinhlobo zayo eziningi ube Isihlungu nezindlala esikhumbeni ezibangela zokuphefumula ukukhubazeka izilwane ezidla ezinye uma bezama ukuhlasela. Ngamanye amaxoxo ukukhiqiza isikhwehlela, okuyinto phezu ukuxhumana amashashaza isikhumba kanye ukusha.

ERussia baphile ikakhulukazi kuphela zezinhlanzi ze-non-enobuthi amaxoxo. Kodwa e-Afrika, kunalokho, inani elikhulu izilwane zasemhlabeni yingozi.

Ngaphambili, frog kungasetshenziselwa ukubulala izinambuzane. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1935 e-Australia waletha enobuthi kakhulu mhlanga frog. Kodwa-ke ukuthi yenza ububi obuningi kunobuhle. Ngenxa ubuthi bayo kulimaza semvelo, kodwa ukubhekana izinambuzane engafuni.

ukunyakaza

Ngo frog imilenze indluzelekazi achazwayo kahle. I forelimbs asetshenziswa kakhulu ukusekela esimweni ahlalele kokwehla. Imilenze indluzelekazi amade futhi kunamandla ngaphambili. Ukuyisa imilenze indluzelekazi ezisetshenziswa bemhlaba nemanti. Frog ngamandla odlulela namazwe on the imilenze front. Kuvikela esisinqabela hit.

Ukuyisa emanzini Ixoxo futhi isebenzisa imilenze yawo yangemuva. On ngezidladla babe ulwelwesi ukuthi welulela phakathi kweminwe. Ngaphandle kusiza kakhulu ukuhamba emanzini ukuthi frog kuyinto isikhwehlela bushelelezi futhi ezishelelayo.

Kodwa inhlangano akugcini amanzi nezwe. I Sakhiwo sangaphandle frog anike ukunyakaza nakwezinye izindawo. uhlobo oluthile bayakwazi ukuhlela emoyeni futhi Umqansa izihlahla. Ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezithile amasele nasezindlini ukuthi ebekelwa ekhethekile sucker amadiski ezisiza ukuba banamathele evele ezahlukene. Noma babe Izigaxana ekhethekile.

Okunye izilwane zasemhlabeni bayakwazi zigweda phansi, ezifana Shuttle Female kwenza kube yilolu suku. Ebusuku, yena wakhamba abazingeli. Burying kungenxa calluses Horny ngezinyawo zabo. Ezinye izinhlobo kungenzeka ulinde phansi abandayo noma isomiso. Futhi amaxoxo, okuyinto uhlala ehlane, kungaba ngaphansi ungqimba isihlabathi iminyaka emithathu.

ukudla

Toads Adult namaselesele zidla encane ezingenamgogodla, izinambuzane, futhi kwezinye izimo ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla. Ixoxo ngokwemvelo eziyingozi. Abakwazi ukubukelwa phansi futhi izihlobo zabo.

Ixoxo amanga elabo inyamazane yayo ongasanyakazi, ohlezi ekhoneni esekusithekeni. Lapho wabona ukunyakaza, yena Kuphendula ulimi eside adle inyamazane yayo.

uhlelo alimentary

isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene iqala ngalo ingaphakathi oropharyngeal, lapho nolimi eside. Lapho frog uthola inyamazane yayo, it "imililo" lolo limi, futhi inamathela ukukhiqizwa. Nakuba amaxoxo zinamazinyo kuwo abazi bakuhlafune ukudla kwabo, kodwa kugcina inyamazane kuphela. Uma ubanjwe inyamazane amphibian, ukudla emphinjeni bese esiswini ingena ngqo.

umgudu wokuphefumula

Toads kanye amaxoxo ukuphefumula ngosizo amaphaphu ngesikhumba. emaphashini zabo ziyisiliva ukuma sac nakunethiwekhi semithambo. Umoya ongena emaphashini ngokusebenzisa amakhala. Njengoba ukukhanya isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukuphefumula kodwa nezalo "ukucula." By the way, izinsikazi bungakhiphi yimuphi umsindo, "ukucula" abesilisa kuphela ukuheha ambalwa.

izinzwa

Ngemizimba Frog izinzwa ukusiza eMpumalanga yakhe ezweni emanzini. Ngo izilwane zasemhlabeni omdala, kanye nenhlanzi, kakhulu athuthukile lateral line izitho. Lezi zitho zisiza uzulazule emkhathini. Inani elikhulu kubo zitholakala ekhanda. I-lateral line izitho ibukeke emapheshana ezimbili lengthwise kuwo wonke umzimba, eziqala ikhanda frog sika.

Futhi esisogwini lokushisa isikhumba, futhi zobuhlungu. isitho Okuthintekayo (ekhaleni) isebenza kuphela uma ikhanda frog sika ngaphezu kwamanzi namanzi. Ngo amanzi acinene ingaphakathi ivaliwe.

izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni Abaningi athuthukile imibala.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Amaxoxo aqale ukuphindaphindeka kuphela ngomnyaka wesithathu zokuphila. Entwasahlobo, lapho yokukhwelana iqala, iduna ekhetha insikazi futhi uphethe wakhe kwaphela izinsuku eziningana. Phakathi nale nkathi, ke unganikela kufika ku amaqanda ayizinkulungwane 3. Basuke embozwe ulwelwesi lwamafinyila futhi azihlanganise emanzini. Igobolondo edonsela kwelanga, okwenza ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo amaqanda.

Ukuthuthukiswa frog

Ixoxo umbungu (ngunoshobishobi) e amaqanda imayelana eyodwa kuya emasontweni amabili. Emva kwalesi sikhathi kukhona unoshobishobi. isakhiwo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle Ukhala wehlukile nokwakheka unoshobishobi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, unjani inhlanzi. Ngokuphazima esitho ngunoshobishobi ukuhambisa umsila emanzini asetshenziswa. Ngunoshobishobi uphefumula ngosizo gills zangaphandle.

Njengoba e kwezinhlanzi nezilwane eziphila ezweni, tadpoles abe-lateral line ukuzulazula. Kulesi sigaba, nombungu frog akusho ukuya ezweni. Ngokungafani omdala ngunoshobishobi travoyaden.

Kancane kancane kwenzekani kuye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele inyamalala umsila, avele ngezidladla, kukhona ushintsho isakhiwo lwamathambo. Emva kwezinyanga mayelana 4 kukhona frog ezincane, okuyinto bakwazi ukuphuma ezweni.

Amaqhawe Ixoxo

Ixoxo abahlala e-Europe kanye akuvamile ukhule engaphezu kuka-10 amasentimitha. Kodwa e-North America nase-Afrika bangaphila imidondoshiya yangempela. Sicoco ngobukhulu - Ixoxo Goliath - ngobukhulu kufika ku-90 amasentimitha futhi zinesisindo esingaba 6 kg.

Jump iqhawe - Afrika isihlahla frog. Yena uyakwazi gxuma phezu amabanga kuze 5 amamitha.

Igama elithi omude kunayo yonke yokuphila Afrika burrowing frog. It uhlala kuze kube iminyaka engu-25. Lokhu frog Omba umgodi ayo, ahlala khona kuze kube ukuphela kwesomiso.

Okusanda, eNew Guinea wathola frog kulencane. ubude bayo - 7.7 kwangu.

Kwerekhodi ubuthi akubukeki yingozi. Lokhu frog amancane mayelana 3 amasentimitha eside. Lona yezilwane ezinomgogodla enobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni, kuhlanganise nezinyoka. Uhlala e-amahlathi emvula Colombia. isihlungu sayo imicibisholo ezigcotshwe amaNdiya. Esinye salezo ushevu frog ngokwanele ukuba imicibisholo 50.