Lapho kukhona khona idiphozithi yanoma nsimbi eRussia?

Omunye labaluleke kakhulu namaminerali izimboni nsimbi. Imali eRussia lokhu amaminerali atholakala ngobuningi. Shono lakithi phakathi emihlanu phezulu ngokuya isizinda of izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani lapho imali ezinonileyo nsimbi eRussia.

Indima nsimbi umkhakha

Ukuze uqalise ukuthola indima eyadlalwa nsimbi eRussia, ngokunembile, ekukhiqizeni yayo zezimboni, yiziphi izimfanelo yena anazo.

Iron Ore - kuyinto amaminerali yemvelo lokho kukodwa iqukethe yensimbi e isamba yokuthi kususwe itshe-nsimbi izindleko kakhulu futhi ingenzeka.

Lo mkhiqizo amaminerali main impahla eluhlaza for the umkhakha steel. The main ekupheleni umkhiqizo - yensimbi nensimbi. Lezimpahla ifomu wale mithandazo ngokuthi ukuqashisa. Ngokungaqondile ngokusebenzisa le legatsha supply nsimbi incike isiqoqi sama-softwe, yezimoto, shipbuilding nezinye imikhakha yezomnotho.

Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa yezwe zonke idiphozi nsimbi e etholakalayo Russia. izifunda Economic yezwe, ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga-laseSiberia, Central Black Earth, Ural, Northern naseNtshonalanga eSiberia, ikakhulu kuboshelwe ukucutshungulwa izinto zokusetshenziswa emkhandweni wensimbi.

I izakhiwo eziyinhloko yensimbi, ngenxa ngalo ithole kangaka embonini, kuba amandla futhi ukushisa ukumelana. Ayikho ebaluleke kancane yokuthi, ngokungafani nezinye izinsimbi kakhulu, izimayini kanye isizinda nsimbi ayatholakala ngobuningi ngezindleko iphansana.

Ukwahlukaniswa nsimbi

Nsimbi has uhlelo lwayo ngezigaba.

Kuye ukubunjwa amakhemikhali ore luhlukaniswe zinhlobo ezilandelayo: oxides, hydroxides futhi carbonates.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu nsimbi amaminerali kukhona magnetite, limonite, goethite, siderite.

Nsimbi idiphozi eRussia nabo babe ngezigaba zabo. Kuye mode okuvela netshe kanye nokusungulwa zalo, zihlukaniswe amaqembu amaningana. Okubaluleke ngokuyinhloko yibo ezilandelayo: ezifakwa sedimentary, skarn, eziyinkimbinkimbi, quartzite.

Umqulu imithombo ukukhiqizwa

Manje ukuthola ukuthi yini imiqulu nsimbi misela eRussia.

Ngomthamo uhlole yensimbi nsimbi esekelwe yensimbi RF uhlukanisa kwasekuqaleni ne-Brazil, kokuba u-18% inani reserves emhlabeni. Lokhu kuchazwe iqiniso ukuthi sinalo imali elikhulu nsimbi - eRussia.

Uma siyiqaphele hhayi yensimbi okumsulwa, futhi zonke ore nge ukungcola, lapha eRussia ivolumu reserves kuyinto yesibili wonke - 16% reserves global, yesibili kule inkomba kuphela e-Ukraine.

Ngokuya izimayini namaminerali abalulekile Russia isikhathi eside okwenzeka emazweni ekucala lasihlanu. Ngakho, izigidi ezingu-105 amathani nsimbi zavezwa zonyaka 2014 okuyinto amathani 1,395 bhiliyoni esingaphansi umholi China ukhiqiza ohlwini, noma ezingu-45 wamathani esingaphansi eNdiya ukhiqiza uhlu lesine. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezingeni ukukhiqizwa ngaphambi Russia elandelayo yakhe e-Ukraine ngo-amathani 23 million.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, eRussia emazweni phezulu ayishumi zokuthumela nsimbi. Ngo-2009, ezweni zibalwa endaweni yesithupha nokuthengiswa ayizigidi ezingu 21,7, bawela endaweni yesishiyagalolunye ku-2013, futhi ngo-2015 basukuma ukuba lesihlanu. Ngokusho lokhu umholi wezwe umi inkomba - Australia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kusho ukuthi izitshalo ezimbili steel Russian kufakwe phezulu imidondoshiya eziyishumi global for ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo nsimbi. Lokhu "Evraz" (ukukhiqizwa umthamo - 56 900 amathani / ngonyaka.) Futhi "Metalloinvest" (amathani 44.700 / ngonyaka.).

I inqolobane eyinhloko

Manje ake ichaze indawo imali enkulu nsimbi eRussia.

Elikhulu kunawo wonke amazwe nsimbi umcengezi - KMA. It has inothile insimbi ore esifundeni Kola idiphozi Karelia. Amasu nsimbi futhi Urals. Omunye kunazo zonke eRussia iyona West laseSiberia Basin. ezifakwa elikhulu nsimbi eRussia, elise Khakassia futhi Altai Territory.

Nge ukubusa ngo-2014 kuya Russian eCrimea, eRussia kwakunebandla elilodwa ngaphezulu ezinkulu nsimbi umcengezi - Kerch.

Ngokulandelayo, sizobe ukuchaza kabanzi imali enkulu kakhulu nsimbi eRussia.

Imali ye-eKursk Anomaly Magnetic

EKursk anomaly - akuyona kuphela idiphozi elikhulu nsimbi eRussia, kodwa futhi umholi ongenambangi emhlabeni ngokuya okuqukethwe yensimbi. Ngu ngobungako ore ongahluziwe (amathani 30,000), le ndawo yesibili kuphela kwemali okukodwa yaseBolivia kabani izinqolobane kakhulu elicwengisiswe ngochwepheshe.

MRA itholakala eKursk, Orlovskaya futhi Sifundazwe izifunda futhi endaweni ingqikithi phakathi 120 000 sq. km.

Ngesisekelo nsimbi esifundeni kukhona quartzites magnetite. Kuyinto ne izakhiwo kazibuthe lokhu yezimbiwa anokuhambisana ukuziphatha ezingasadingeki yenaliti kazibuthe endaweni.

Imali elikhulu KMA kukhona Korobki, Novoyaltinskoe, Mikhailovskoye Pogrometskoe, Lebedinsky Stoilenskoye, Prioskolskoye, Yakovlevskoye, Chernyansky, Bolshetroitskoe.

Imali ye yonke iNhlonhlo Kola futhi Karelia

ezifakwa abalulekile nsimbi eRussia endaweni ye Murmansk esifundeni kanye Republic of Karelia.

endaweni Ubude Kola ore esifundeni kubekwe phakathi Murmansk sifunda 114 900 sq. km. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi misela lapha kude komunye nsimbi, kodwana lihlanganisa nabanengi namanye amaminerali ore - nickel, ithusi, ayibe nsimbi futhi apatite. Phakathi okusendimeni esifundeni kufanele zabelwe Kovdorskoye futhi Olenogorskoe. The main amaminerali - quartzite ferruginous.

Imali elikhulu Karelia - Aganozersky, Kostomuksha, Pudozh. Yiqiniso, owokuqala ezikhethekile ngaphezulu ukukhiqizwa kwe-chrome emkhandweni wensimbi.

I idiphozithi yanoma Urals

Ural nazo ocebile nsimbi. Le ndawo eyinhloko ukukhiqiza Kachkanar iqembu imali. I isuka esifundeni has a titanium okuqukethwe kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu. Isizinda kwenziwa ngendlela evulekile. Jikelele uhlole imiqulu nsimbi akhawunti amathani yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 7.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ukuthi itholakala esifundeni esise-Ural, kwekulu Izigayo steel eRussia, ikakhulukazi, "Magnitogorsk" futhi NTMK. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi okuningi ezwe elaliyi-nsimbi izinqolobane isiphelile, ngakho kufanele athumele idatha yabo ibhizinisi kusuka kwezinye izifunda yezwe.

West laseSiberia Basin

Enye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kunazo nsimbi izifunda of Russia iyona West laseSiberia Basin. Kungaba idiphozi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni (ezifinyelela emathanini ayizinkulungwane 393), kodwa, on the idatha ezobhekwa, ngenkathi ezithela futhi idiphozi KMA El Mutun eBolivia.

Pool ngokuyinhloko ise saseTomsk esifundeni futhi ihlanganisa indawo ka 260.000 square metres. km. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi naphezu kwezinkinga elalibhekene izindodla i-ore izinqolobane, ukuhlola kwemayini nasemasimini alo futhi kuhilelani eziningana nobunzima.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke pool imali - Bachkarskoe, Chuziksky Kolpashevo, Parabel futhi Parbigskoe. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubo ukulihlola - ngowokuqala ohlwini. It has an indawo 1200 sq. km.

Imali e Khakassia

Kuyinto ezifakwa ngempela okuphawulekayo Altai Territory futhi Khakasia. Kodwa uma ukuthuthukiswa ngowokuqala kubo kwakuyizingane buthaka kakhulu, ama-Khakass ore izinqolobane misela ngenkuthalo. Emasimini athile kumele anikezele Abagazskoe (ivolumu engaphezu kwengu-73 000 ayizinkulungwane. Amathani) kanye Abakanskoye (118 400 ayizinkulungwane. Amathani).

Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa lezi ezifakwa esifundeni zibaluleke zamasu.

Kerch pool

Muva nje, ngenxa nokudliwa eCrimea, ingcebo waseRussia agcwaliswa kakhudlwana futhi Kerch umcengezi, ecebile nsimbi. It is ngokugcwele ise Peninsula Kerch eCrimea, futhi ine indawo square metres kuka-250. km. Sekukonke ore izinqolobane kulinganiselwa amathani 1.8 billion. Isici esivelele sesimiso nsimbi esifundeni Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ahlelwe ogxile emikhombeni yamadwala.

Phakathi amasimu esemqoka okumele ngokuthi Kiz-Aul, Ocheret-Burunsky, Katerlezskoe, Akmanayskoe, Eltigen-Ortelskoe, Novoselovskogo, Baksinskoe, North. Evamile, zonke lezi Amasimu ehlangana eqenjini wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi.

Ezinye izindawo nsimbi

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Russia itholakala nabaningi abanye ezifakwa nsimbi, okuyinto zinenani eliphansi nevolumu kunalawo akleliswe ngenhla.

Ngo Western eSiberia, a nsimbi idiphozi ezinkulu ise eKemerovo esifundeni. izinsiza zayo zisetshenziswa ukunikeza izinto zokusetshenziswa for the West-eSiberia futhi Kuznetsk Metallurgical Hlanganisa.

EMpumalanga eSiberia, ngaphandle Khakassia has idiphozithi yanoma nsimbi e Transbaikalia, le esifundeni sase-Irkutsk futhi Krasnoyarsk esifundeni. EMpumalanga Ekude - esikhathini esizayo - usungaqala ukuthuthuka okukhulu e Yakutia, eKhabarovsk futhi Primorsky Krai, lase-Amur Region. Ikakhulukazi okunothe Iakutiia.

Nokho, lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele yensimbi nsimbi, olutholakalayo ku insimu yase Russia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe singakhohlwa ukuthi kweminye imikhakha angeke kahle kungase kutholakale, bengahlonishwa ivolumu, noma musa ukuvula okwamanje.

Inani nsimbi umkhakha

Yiqiniso, zemayini nsimbi nokucubungula kwalo okwalandela futhi ukuthekelisa zinenani kuhle okusezingeni eliphezulu umnotho wenarha yoke. IRussia kwekulu nsimbi izinqolobane emhlabeni futhi ingenye abaholi ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwazo emazweni angaphandle.

Sama ku imali ebaluleke kakhulu nsimbi eRussia, kodwa lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele. Lokhu amaminerali kungatholakala cishe kuzo zonke esifundeni nezomnotho kuleli zwe. Khetha (ezifakwa Russian ka-nsimbi, ngasendleleni, ngokugcwele uhlole akuwona neze) wanoma iyiphi wabo kumephu kwezomnotho - futhi qiniseka ususengosini enjalo.

Namuhla, le umkhakha Sinesithakazelo esikhulu njengoba isiqondiso ethembisa.