Argentina, labantu: Ukwakheka, ubuningi, lizinga lekuphila

Insimu yase-Argentina yesimanje inomlando omude zokuhlala. Umlando entsha isimo siqala kuphela ngekhulu le-16, bese-ke ushintshe Ukwakheka zobuzwe indlela yokuphila yezwe. Argentina, namuhla abazinhliziyo labantu inhlanganisela inzalo ka abanqobi futhi abantu bomdabu ephila engenakulibaleka futhi kunzima.

geography

Argentina itholakala eningizimu-asempumalanga eNingizimu Melika empumalanga iqembu esiqhingini Tierra del Fuego. Le ndawo yezwe imayelana 2.8 million amakhilomitha square. Argentina, ogama labantu is ahlanganiswe ndawonye emhlabeni emadolobheni amakhulu, has a landscape ahlukahlukene: enyakatho nasempumalanga matasa yasethafeni, eningizimu nasentshonalanga - endaweni enezintaba. kudlule umkhawulo esentshonalanga yezwe ngokusebenzisa Andes line, eyayinqamula yokwakha isimo kuleli zwe. Intaba izindawo kunzima ukuhlala, ngakho zimbalwa kakhulu izakhamizi.

Izwe unothile kakhulu amaminerali, ukuze ngenani uranium izinqolobane kuleli zwe phakathi emazweni amahlanu ahamba phambili. Nokho, amasheya oluvelele eBrazil, isibonelo, ayikho lapha. Futhi bayantuleka ecacile kwezinsiza eziningi ezibalulekile ezidingekayo sokuthuthukisa embonini. Elikhulu yokusimamisa umnotho wezwe bakha amanzi futhi umhlaba nemithombo, iziphi namanje hhayi yasebenza ngokugcwele.

umlando wezwe zokuhlala

Labantu lokuqala Argentina - kukhona abazingeli kanye abayimizulane, owayehlala lapha BC 8-7 yeminyaka. Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi pre-Columbian wahlala lapha ixazululwe izizwe diaguita insimu zimbalwa iminonjana amasiko yokuqothulwa, enemizi zabo ezinkulu, edume kakhulu okuyinto Tastil.

Kamuva lezi amazwe kwakumelwe ekunqotshweni umbuso Inca. Futhi ngo-1512-ke kwaqalisa isikhathi kwabantu baseYurophu bezokwakha amakoloni. Ngo-1527, ikoloni lokuqala Spanish lamiswa guy. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa eSpain wafika wathatha uhambo olukhulu 2500, futhi kwakheka isisekelo labantu entsha izakhamuzi esizayo Argentina. Ngakusasa eminyaka ambalwa - kuyinto replenishment njalo amakoloni ngenxa ukufika izifiki entsha. Kulesi isiphetho akazange athathe indawo enokuthula, yathatha unaphakade itholene phezulu namabutho lalolo hlanga. Njengoba imisebenzi yezempi ahambe phakathi kwababusi ezahlukene. Kuphela ngo-1825, ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yezimpi zombango umzabalazo ekubusweni Spain elakha isizwe esisha - i-Argentina ezimele.

Ingxenye yekhulu le-19 yesibili libhekene njengoba isikhathi sokuthuthuka komnotho, oluhilela nokwanda kwenani labantu. ukuthuthela kwamanye amazwe kwenqwaba iphutha esikhathini kusuka 1880 kuya 1940, lapho lapha kufika eziningi amaNtaliyane, abaseSpain futhi kubelungu. Kodwa ngo-1880, kukhona uxoshwe yokugcina amaNdiya akhishelwe ezindaweni lwabo lwendabuko. Ekhulwini lama-20 - ngalesi sikhathi esinzima kakhulu sokuzama ukwakha isimo esisha yimpumelelo, kodwa lokhu endleleni akulula, futhi namuhla Argentina usaqhubeka elwela inhlalakahle yabo.

Inani labantu base-Argentina

Namuhla, abantu sebebonke Argentina - abantu 43.646.000. Ukwanda yemvelo ngonyaka odlule zaba abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-440, ngezindleko zokuphila kwezifiki izakhamuzi eziningi linyuke ngabantu abangu-6000. Ukuqaphelwa sabantu Argentina eyenziwa kusukela 1951. Ngalowo nyaka, isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke abantu abayizigidi 17.3. Sebebonke yezwe Eminyakeni eyalandela iye kokukhulumela phezulu, nakuba lesi sibalo has a ngokucacile ezithile.

Izwe wazila ukuthuthuka okuyimpumelelo, kodwa kwaba-2% ngo-1951, futhi manje ngokulambisa idlule 1%. Ukwanda kwenani ikakhulukazi kwenzeka ngenxa abasebenzi futhi kuqhathaniswa okusezingeni eliphezulu lokuzalwa kwabantu, kodwa izwe kukhona Ukwehla osobala izinga lokuzalwa, futhi nenombolo kwababaleki nayo iyancishiswa. Ngakho-ke, zezenhlalo ukubikezela maduze sizogcwaliseka zero noma nokukhula kwabantu ezimbi.

inhlanganiso sabantu

Argentina - ezweni ayinabantu abaningi. Ngokwesilinganiso, bangu-15 uphila eyodwa square kilometre, okuyinto kancane kakhulu kunalokho emazweni angomakhelwane. Lokhu kungenxa ezolimo, okuyinto akudingi uhlale abantu njalo eseduze nezwe kusetshenzwe. Futhi, kuthinta izimo ezinzima ezindaweni yasehlanzeni ezintabeni, ezindaweni ezinesomiso ehlala abantu kancane. Kwabantu esiphezulu kungabonakala edolobheni Aires futhi ezindaweni ezingeni lelisetulu ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, kwakukhona abantu abayisilinganiso esingu-100 square kilometre.

ukwakheka yobuhlanga

Uma sibheka nomsuka izakhi zofuzo Argentina eziningi zalezi zinsuku, ke wabusa South-European izimpande, egazini labo, ungathola iminonjana abantu bomdabu nengcosana abasuka Afrika. Namuhla, abantu bomdabu Argentina, amaNdiya, kuyinto% 1.5 kuphela inani eliphelele izakhamuzi. Konke okunye - a mestizo. Futhi umbuzo ubuzwe cishe zonke kodwa amaNdiya bathi Argentina, okhombisa ekwakhekeni ubuzwe entsha.

ulimi

Argentina, ogama labantu has a umsuka okuxubile, wakhuluma ngesihloko ezihlukahlukene zezigodi. Ulimi olusemthethweni - Spanish, ke ixhumana ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi. Nokho, kusukela ulimi, esikhulunywa Spain, kuhlukile kakhulu, njengoba kwamiswa version Argentina ngesisekelo lwesigodi Castilia, ngaphandle kwakhe wathonywa ngezilimi zendawo yazo. Eyesibili ulimi ethandwa kakhulu kuleli zwe - isiNtaliyane, kulandele isiPutukezi, izilimi isiJalimane, isiFulentshi kanye nezinye European. Umphakathi wamaNdiya abakhuluma izilimi zabo kanye nezilimi zezigodi, esikhulunywa abantu abaningi okuyinto isiQuechua. Ubude kuleli zwe ngokuhamba izilimi akukho ngaphansi kuka-40 kanye nezilimi zezigodi.

Ukwakheka ubulili sabantu

Ubulili nobudala Ukwakheka sabantu e-Argentina ebonisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuzalwa inani lamadoda phezu abesifazane busa (sibalo 1.05), kanti lokhu kuhambisana ne izitayela global. Nge nokuvuthwa kwalesi sibalo kuyehla, eneminyaka engu-25-50, kakade 1 kuya 1, oneminyaka engu-55 kuya eminyakeni engu-64 - 0.97 esivuna abesifazane, futhi nakuba eneminyaka engu kwengu-65 - 0.7 esivuna abesifazane. Lokhu kungenxa lokufa eliphezulu amadoda ukuphila kabani isilinganiso sokuphila kubalulekile ngonyaka 74. Abesifazane abahlala okuyisilinganiso seminyaka engu 80,9. Ubudala-ubulili mbhoshongo Argentina ikhombisa ukuthi izwe kungokwalabo anti-ukuguga, uhlobo ezikhulayo, nge kahle eliphezulu lokuzalwa izinga kanye eliphezulu kakhulu bempilo.

emininingwaneni yabantu

Argentina, ogama labantu kancane kodwa yayiqhubeka ikhula, has a iphesenti eliphezulu labantu zokusebenza ubudala. Inombolo abakhileyo ezweni eneminyaka engu-15 kuba cishe ikota yebahlali sebebonke, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-eminyakeni engu-65 -% 10 kuphela. Kulesi umthwalo zendawo angaba ngu-57%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke ukukhiqizwa enamandla yase-Argentina, kumele kunike zonke izidingo zokuphila ingaphezu kwakhe kungadla izikhathi 1.5. Lona impela nani eliphakeme inkimbinkimbi ukusebenza isimo.

umsebenzi

Umphakathi usebenza Argentina imayelana 65% yato tonkhe takhamuti kukhululwe. Izinga lokufunda nokubhala 98%, esemthethweni Izinga labangasebenzi - 5.9. Argentina, izinga lokuphila sabantu engesiyo eliphezulu kakhulu, ebonakala yokuthi emizini kukhona eliphakeme labantu abangasebenzi, ngenkathi ezolimo ngokuvamile uhlushwa ukuntuleka abasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, izibalo ezisemthethweni azibonisi ngokoqobo. Kunabantu abaningi abasebenza ingxenye yesikhathi, abaningi abangasebenzi nje musa bavuke on irekhodi.

ukusatshalaliswa labantu

Argentina elihle iya ngokuya iba kwemiphakathi yasemadolobheni wezwe. bekulokhu settlement ekhethekile kakhulu yasemaphandleni Kube njalo: nemizana incane ngobukhulu, Khutornoi hlobo. Ngezinye izikhathi abizela Argentina izwe kwezolimo ngaphandle abalimi, okuyinto libhekene landholdings ezinkulu. umnikazi womhlaba iqasha abasebenzi umsebenzi kwesizini lonke isikhathi ayephila kwezinye izindawo.

Namuhla, inani labantu uya sathuthela edolobheni. Uma ubheka ukusatshalaliswa labantu phakathi amayunithi zokuphatha yezwe, esifundeni dolobha yiwona elihlale kakhulu (3 million abantu inhliziyo Buenos Aires is ekhaya), kanye izifunda Tucumán, Misiones.