Cyprus - yilokhu zwe? Umlando saseKhupro. Cyprus ifulege

Cyprus - yilokhu zwe? Ake le mpikiswano ndawonye. Okokuqala, siphawula ukuthi geqe ngo-1960. Ngaphambili, kwaba ikoloni laseBrithani. Sabantu ukhuluma ngesiGreki, futhi abanye - ku-Turkish. Ngo-1974 amabutho Turkish ehlasela isiqhingi futhi ngimatasa ingxenye yayo enyakatho. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Cyprus ufikile engaphezu kwekhulu ayisihlanu nezinkulungwane izifiki.

Izwe liyingxenye isakhiwo se-EU, labantu bayo libizwa bemikhumbi.

Territory e ukusuka enyakatho uye eningizimu

Cyprus ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili. North kulawulwa abaseTurkey. Bakha endaweni ye TRNC - Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Nokho, kuyaqapheleka kuphela abaseTurkey ngokwabo. Ezinye izindaba zika-indawo ucingo inikezwe matasa kuwo. I-Republic of Cyprus - yilokho izwe? EnguMbusi. Itholakala Engxenyeni eseningizimu ye siqhingi. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngephutha okukhulunywe ngesiGreki Cyprus.

A owandile onganembile

Cyprus - yilokhu zwe? UMbuso okukhulunywa ngakho, yebo, has a ububanzi izibopho amasiko Greece, kodwa namanje ngokuzimela. Lena zwe wonke amazwe omhlaba, okuyinto ngokomthetho onikwe ubukhosi esiqhingini namanzi awo ezizungezile. Okuhlukile ezintathu kuphela amaphesenti angu-nsimu, okuyinto, ngokusho isijobelelo ukuze isinqumo mayelana isisekelo Republic, iGreat Britain agodliwe ukuze kuhlaliswe elisekela asolwandle. Ngokuphathelene isimo sangempela, lesi siqhingi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine:

- Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (enyakatho);

- Republic of Cyprus (eningizimu);

- okubizwa ngokuthi Line Green esasihlukanisa izingxenye ezimbili eziphawulwe ngenhla futhi uqondiswa UN;

- izisekelo ezimbili wezempi eBritain - "Ye-Inthanethi" futhi "Akrotiri".

Umlando saseKhupro

Lesi siqhingi lesithathu ngobukhulu phakathi kwabo bonke abanye kuzo eMedithera. Uma ucabangela Cyprus kumephu, ungabona ukuthi kungani izwe kwadingeka banqobe izinkinga eziningi ukubonakalisa ukuhlaselwa njalo wabahlaseli. Zonke ilula: omakhelwane abaningi, isiqhingi abadlale indima base wamabutho asolwandle, waba umthombo izintela imithombo ecebile yezinto zemvelo. AmaGreki owakhuphula impucuko kulezi zindawo, ohlaselwayo-Asiriya, amaPheresiya, Roma, abaseFenike, baseVenice, baseByzantium, Crusaders, Latins, i-British nabaseTurkey. Amandla phezu esiqhingini wafuna ukuthola okuningi, kodwa amaGreki bakwazi ukulondoloza isikhundla ekuholeni.

prehistory

Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi Paleolithic, lesi siqhingi sasibizwa hhayi ehlala abantu ababehlala khona Cyprus kuphela yemifino Indlovu (izimvubu). It is hhayi nje baqinisekisa izinsalela ezitholakele kwezilwane. Ngeshwa, afa onke emva umuntu enekhono Cyprus. Kwasekusithi esikhathini Neolithic, eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ayisishiyagalolunye noma eziyishumi BC. Abantu bokuqala kwalethela nabo, nemfuyo - izimbuzi, izinkomo, izingulube, izinja. AbaseKhupro esanda kubalwa ngenkuthalo ayakhiwe izindlu lime wokushiswa. Ezinye izindlu kuze kube amamitha ayishumi ububanzi.

umlando obengeziwe Cyprus kwenza ukujika esivusa amadlingozi: mayelana 3800 BC ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla owabhubhisa lonke isiko Neolithic. Salandelwa yobudala zethusi itshe. Ukuze ezisekhona zobuciko esiyingqayizivele - a ishizolo futhi wenziwe okumsulwa izingwegwe zethusi.

Esigabeni esilandelayo se-emlandweni walesi siqhingi manje elihlobene ne ukufika nezihambi eziqhamuka ngakuzo Anatolia. Lokhu kwenzeke azungeze 2400 BC. e. - ekuqaleni emuva ngeNkathi Yethusi Age. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi yaqala ukubonakala inqaba ukuzivikela efakazela simo esishubile ngaleso sikhathi.

Point lezinto Ceramic okuqondene seSimbi, ziholela esiphethweni sokuthi iKhupro ngaphansi kwethonya amaGreki. Komlando isikhathi ukuthuthukiswa esiqhingini yaphela nge obhekwe umAsiriya, futhi kamuva ngesiGreki namaRoma imithombo ebhalwe usitshelani-ke ngamaphathi lezi zindawo.

endulo

Endulo iKhupro namanje insimu phikisa. Ngo 526 BC namaPheresiya enqoba ke kubo abaseGibithe, nakuwo futhi 449 BC lesi siqhingi sasibizwa usuthathwe-Athene. Abanqobi lamazwe eziningi zomhlaba wakhipha komunye nomunye izintambo saseKhupro isikhathi eside. Ngakho, izazi-mlando ukuhlukanisa kwenkathi yamaRoma, bese - WaseByzantium. Ngo 1191 siqhingi elathunjwa ezimpi zokholo, eholwa uRichard the Lionheart. Ngemva kwalokho, lesi siqhingi elalihlala Ottoman kanye nayo iBritish.

Inkathi ukungezwani intercommunal

Ngo-1960 Cyprus ithola uzibuse eside elindelwe. Izinkulumo belithanyelwe abameleli Turkey, UK bese kuba iGrisi. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi siqhingi sasibizwa ihlukaniswe imiphakathi emibili - isiGreki Turkish. Umengameli wokuqala kwaba u-Archbishop kaMakarios. NgokoMthethosisekelo ka 1960 imiphakathi emibili ubelokhu eqashelwa - Greek (mayelana 80% abantu bakuleli batholakale) futhi-Turkish (18%). Ngesikhathi esifanayo bemikhumbi Turkish wathola ingxenye yesithathu okuthunyelwe ukuphathwa kanye ilungelo Veto imithetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, likamongameli lizwe, nazo futhi, zaba okhulumela yabo.

Zonke ukungezwani ezikhulayo phakathi kwemiphakathi kuholele izimpi ezilwiwa ngezikhali. Lo mcimbi senzeka ngo-1963. Impi yaphela kuphela ngemva kokufaka UN yokugcinwa kokuthula amabutho, kodwa ukungqubuzana ungaphatfwa wokukucima ngokuphelele.

Icebo lika lempi

Kubhekwane nesimo esishubile kuye kwaholela izibhelu entsha ngo-1974. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla kwaba Junta lempi. Coup umzamo senziwe lesiGreki yaseKhupro ontamo-lukhuni. I ngokufanele okhethelwe ukuba nguMongameli kaMakarios liketulwa. Cyprus wahlanganiswa Greece. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, iziphathimandla Turkish ngaphansi kwebhaxa ukuvikela amabutho Turkish yaseKhupro langena futhi sahlala amane amaphesenti ezindaweni esenyakatho yezwe. Ngenxa yalokhu kungaboni ngaso linye, abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu eziyisithupha bashonile kwathi abanye okungenani ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili bahamba kulesi siqhingi kuya Isimo Refugees.

Enhlabathini elalihlala-Turks wabhubhisa ezikhumbuzo, amasonto WaseByzantium antshontsha, amagugu eziningi kwamasiko bathunyelwe kusukela lizwe. Eyokuqala ngoNovemba 1983 leli-Turkish Republic Northern Cyprus ezamenyezelwa. Kuze kube manje, akukho lizwe emhlabeni ayiboni ke. Inkinga besigaba balesi siqhingi futhi ekunakekelweni osukwini lwethu bemikhumbi.

kufanekisa

Maka saseKhupro (isithombe ungabona ngezansi) has a background elimhlophe kanye ngal kunokuthula kulesi siqhingi. Umbala yokugcina - orange, futhi ukuhluka akuyona ngephutha, ngoba kufanekisela ezifakwa ithusi, atholakala Cyprus emhlabeni eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezintathu ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile. Ngaphansi umfanekiso isiqhingi - amagatsha amabili womuthi womnqumo, yokwenza samuntu ukuziphilisa esiqhingini amaqembu abantu bendabuko ka-Turks namaGreki. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abangaphezu kuka-kunoma iyiphi ifulege alisetshenziswa umfanekiso wesifunda izwe emhlabeni.

isikhundla ezindawo

Cyprus kumephu elise ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo kuzifunda ezilandelayo: e-Asia Minor, eNyakatho ye-Afrika naseYurophu. Lesi siqhingi osuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga for 240 km ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu - 100 km. endaweni yayo ingaphezu 9 sq. M. km. izona Mediterranean Cyprus, kwenza izwe ezikhangayo abathandi beach. Isiqhingi osogwini olusenyakatho lingama ephansi, kancane sihlehliswe, futhi enyakatho - ezinamadwala emaweni. Ubude yabo Imininingwane imayelana mathandathu, anamanci mahlanu amakhilomitha.

Kusebenta Cyprus - 35º1000 enyakatho nobude 33º2100 eningizimu.

Izici

Geography of Cyprus ukweleta okwakhe yayo kuqhuma ezinkulu wentaba-mlilo ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo amapuleti Afrika nase-Asia ngokwebalazwe, ngenxa okuyinto esakha lesi siqhingi. Impumuzo okungcono sezintaba. Cishe 150 amakhilomitha ngasogwini enyakatho welule Kyrenia izintaba zokhahlamba (ukuphakama esiphezulu 1023 m) kanye Karpas (iphuzu esiphezulu - 364 m). Zihluke e isakhiwo, njengoba kwakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya kwezimo ezihluke. Ezindaweni eseningizimu nemaphakathi elalihlala Troodos Ukhahlamba.

The enhle ngaphezulu Cyprus? isikhundla sayo ezindawo lapho kwakuphambana khona lomoya nolwandle imizila kwenza kube yinto ebalulekile yesu le-Eastern LwaseMedithera.

sezulu

Isimo sezulu e Cyprus libhekene ukuzinza nokulinganisela. Yena ezishisayo Mediterranean, ukuze ubude obuphakathi nendawo ukuphila kulezi ziqhingi ingaphezu kwe, isibonelo, amaMelika noma British. Bemikhumbi akuvamile uhlushwa izifo ezithathelwanayo.

Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa zokhahlamba kusuka 25-35 degrees Celsius, kanti ebusika acishe never lehla ngezansi 10 Celsius. Phakathi kuka-October no-April, ngokuvamile lina. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuba iholidi beach - kusuka ngoJuni kuze September. Uhamba uthanda ukuya Cyprus entwasahlobo lapho Izimbali ziqhakaza. Izinhlobo nezimfunda ezinezimbali ku Troodos umbukwane ngempela.

amaminerali

Lesi siqhingi sethiwa eyenziwe isizinda zethusi, imifekethiso, lime sulphate (Gypsum), ubumba bentonite kanye udayi yemvelo (ocher, Irherho). Ngenxa ukuthekelisa kulezi yengcebo yaseKhupro is agcwaliswa ngonyaka kwezigidi ezingu-32-euro.

Ngo-December 2011, esiqhingini (eningizimu nogu) emvelo igesi ziye zatholakala. ivolumu yabo eqinisekile - kusuka 160 kuya 255 bhiliyoni cubic metres.

izwe yemifino

Emathafeni futhi elaliphansi kwamagquma siluhlaza nezihlahla zikhule. Amahlathi kungabonwa ikakhulu ezinkangala, kwakha kaMamre, nemisayipuresi, Aleppo uphayini Cacti giant. Kukhona amawolintshi nolamula zeminqumo. Ubude eKhupro ikhula 1890 zezihlahla, phakathi kwabo kukhona sendawo, isb. E. Specific ensimini. Ehlathini ungathola anemones, futhi ezivulekile futhi zibe seduze kwemigwaqo - asphodel. Ezikhathini zasendulo babebhekwa izithunywa ongaqondakali wezwe lemimoya.

emhlabeni isilwane

Nezilwane saseKhupro akuyona njengoba esicebile njengoba izitshalo. Kukhona kuhlale izingulube zasendle, izibankwa, Unwabu, izimfudu, onogwaja zasendle, ochakide, izinyoka izingwejeje. Izinyoni kulesi siqhingi zinhlobo abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu, phakathi kwabo Jay, tits big, Dipper, crossbill, iqhude onesiqhova, larks, izinkozi Imperial, nightingale futhi Kites.

inkolo

Bemikhumbi Iningi abanamathela wenkolo yobuKristu. Esiqhingini zikhona amasonto amaningi Orthodox. Ngokomthetho, inkolo yehlukile isimo. Njalo isakhamuzi ukhululekile ukukhetha ukholo lwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, e Cyprus ophilayo Kholwa Juda, futhi Islamists, futhi amaHindu.

zokungcebeleka

Cyprus - yilokhu zwe? Independent futhi enhle! Ongoti endala ukuheha emanxiweni amadolobha lasendulo, zezindela, amathempeli zokuhlala. Ubuningi izikhumbuzo ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi endulo lesi siqhingi laliyisikhungo Mediterranean ukuhweba futhi kwaba iphuzu empambana yezindlela zasolwandle Ephakathi.

Nicosia

Lo muzi - omunye endala kakhulu emhlabeni. Nicosia namanje ngekhulu leshumi kwadingeka isimo enhlokodolobha alesi siqhingi. Okwamanje ke akunqunywa ngempela lapho edolobheni yasungulwa. Iminonjana abantu bokuqala abahlala kuyo basonta Bronze Age. Ngaleso sikhathi umuzi wawuyigolide elinye igama - eLedra.

Okwamanje uhlukanisa Nicosia ukutjheja imikhawulo umugqa, kodwa ngisho lokhu Empeleni akusho kunganciphisa charm yayo. Emaphakathi ingxenye yomuzi sizungezwe amasango nezindonga zaseVenice, elakhiwa e-1570, futhi zibuswa itshe elikhulu. It has a layout osabalalayo futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-Old Nicosia.

I evelele kunazo wobuciko yezakhiwo kubhekwe Nicosia Famagusta Gate, ngaphakathi okuyinto elibamba nemibukiso kusihlwa zomculo. Esikhathini ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi idolobha ungajabulela izindlu limestone ubudala, ukuhamba Freedom Square futhi uvakashele ezitolo ezithakazelisayo, ikhofi izitolo nezindawo zokudlela.

Vala Famagusta Gate iyona endala isonto WaseByzantium Hrisaliniotissa, ezakhiwe emuva 1450.

Futhi ngaphandle kwezindonga Venetian yinto isigqoko. Ngakho, esikhundleni nomsele ihlukaniswe idolobha epaki. Le ndawo ukudlula noma iyiphi enye i-eziphumulele izizinda. Eduze Museum of Cyprus. Nane amahholo kwakhona nemibukiso eminingi bemivubukulo.

Limassol

Lo muzi - esingesesibili ngobukhulu ngemva Nicosia, etholakala ogwini oluseningizimu yesiqhingi. Akasiye endala njengeBhayibheli ingasiza dolobha, kodwa kukhanga abaningi izivakashi sibonga kungekho amabhishi ngaphansi amahle zokungcebeleka. Phakathi yokugcina - Tsentralos, Amatos futhi Yermasoyas. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e Limassol kukhona izakhiwo ezithakazelisayo zomlando, phakathi lapho ngisho lesikhumbuzo ukuze badunyiswe ka Pushkin.

Eduze edolobheni kuyinto Troodos isiqhingi - afanayo big amahle. insimu yalo iyona yokuhlala lasendulo kubabusi - Kolossi Castle, ezakhiwe Knights Hospitaller. Kuhlelwe kwi emphemeni umbhoshongo observation, alinikela ukubukwa okumangazayo ezizungezile.

Amathus

Lena kwelinye idolobha saseKhupro lasendulo. Okwamanje, abanye bawela ezincithakalweni besishiyile. It yasungulwa ukuthi yasungulwa cishe eminyakeni eyinkulungwane ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile. I-Amathus bakhule futhi bathuthuke alandelayo eminyaka eziyisithupha. Ku-VII. BC edolobheni uhlaselwe Arabhu. Nabasunguli kokululama Amathus, ngenxa yalokho, yena waba kabi ezilimele. Ekugcineni Labhubhisa umuzi uRichard the Lionheart. On-site abavubukuli baye bathola amanxiwa alawo machibi, eningini ithempeli lika-Aphrodite, amanzi ohlelweni bese Basilica of kwesikhathi lamaKristu okuqala.

endaweni Amathus ngaphandle isizathu ebizwa ngokuthi Riviera yaseKhupro - lapha langa amabhishi, isimo sezulu elikhulu, amahhotela ehloniphekile, zokudlela upscale, amathilomu kanye kuma-nightclub.

I-embasi ku inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia

Kanjani ukuthola i-visa ukuvakashela kulesi siqhingi echazwe? Ukuze wenze lokhu, vakashela Embassy of Cyprus. E-Moscow, itholakala kuleli kheli: ul. Cook, 9 amahora - kusukela 9:30 kuya 16:30. Kulokhu, imibhalo kuthathe amahora amabili ngosuku, epha nga emibili kuya kwemithathu. Khipha i-visa kusuka ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya nane. Okwamanje, imali visa 15 euro.

isiphetho

Cyprus - siqhingi kuliphi izwe? Sithole ukuthi okwamanje sinelungelo lokuzinqumela ngempilo yaso. Lesi simo akusona ngokweyame kunoma yimiphi ngesiGreki noma isi-Turkish. Yingakho umbuzo yiliphi izwe saseKhupro, ayilungile, futhi bangase basizwise ubuhlungu, ngisho imizwa yabantu bendawo.