Meridian Zero: kuba. Lapho abafundi abaphumelela ngayo zero Meridian?

Ukuxhumanisa nendawo iyiphi into ku-Earth kungenziwa kunqunywa ngokwazi kwemigomo nobude amaphuzu. Ake sibone ukuthi yini ubuqili ukubaluleka ngamunye wabo.

Indlela ukucacisa izixhumanisi

Noma yimuphi ibalazwe lesimanje ezindawo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba uthole izixhumanisi noma iliphi idolobha, entabeni noma echibini. Sidinga ukwazi nobude izibalo.

Nge ngowokuqala zonke licacile:-ke kuchazwa mayelana yenkabazwe - ulayini ngengqondo eyehlayo endaweni lapho-eksisi eMhlabeni perpendicular indiza ephambana maphakathi iplanethi yethu. Kuyinto uzimele isiqalo, uhlobo "zero" lokuthola latitude, ilungiselelo ngokulinganisa. Yenkabazwe ligijima emazweni amaningana - eCongo, Kenya, Uganda futhi Somalia e-Afrika, e-Indonesia, esisogwini Sunda Islands, Ecuador, Brazil, eColombia ngo- Ningizimu Melika. Enkabazwe kunikeza umbono ocacile yobubanzi.

Enye into - ubude. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakungekho ukuvumelana ngokuqondene nokuthi yini okumelwe thathani ngesisekelo inkomba izixhumanisi. -Longitude - kwencazelo isikhundla surface iphuzu eMhlabeni ngokuhlobene zero iphuzu, okuyinto isuka le meridians. Libuye imigqa ngengqondo ukuthi lula ukusebenza amabalazwe. I-engeli phakathi ngamunye wabo ngalo kanye nenombolo yeriferensi qophelo longitude. Meridian Zero - ngesisekelo isithenjwa izixhumanisi.

Inkinga definition longitude

Uma yenkabazwe zonke kucace ukuthi "zero Meridian" enjalo, kwaba kungabonakali ngokushesha. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi emazweni ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa "zero" yabo. Yiqiniso, lokhu kwakha ukudideka.

Njalo self-ukuhlonipha isayensi izwe ekhulwini XIX, usezuze i Observatory ukuba bagcine izinto ezisemkhathini. Kwakuwusuku iphuzu reference-longitude. ERussia, US, iBrithani neFrance ababenegunya kokuqala yabo meridians.

-Longitude kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni umzila zasolwandle. Futhi eside ngaphambi kumiswa ecacile yesayensi inkomba izinhlelo, kunezinye izindlela ukuthi avunyelwe ukuba ulahleke kolwandle. Inketho yokuqala inikezwa Iogann Verner. Ingqikithi - okwashiwo of the Moon. Enye indlela ngeka wayeyisazi uGalileo Galilei. Ngosizo kwesibonakude wababuka isikhundla of izinyanga Jupiter sika. Ububi le ndlela - isidingo amadivayisi inkimbinkimbi.

Le ndlela kulula - incazelo esebenzisa umehluko wendawo kanye ngokunembile ukuthi sithini isikhathi reference iphuzu - kwentiwe Friziusa Gema. Kodwa amawashi anembile enjalo, futhi, nawo neze.

Meridian Zero isibe uhlobo Grail Ongcwele - ekutholweni okunembile longitude eBrithani waze premium omkhulu. Khona-ke inkinga kwaba kokusungulwa iwashi olunembile. Uyini Meridian prime ke nje abazi.

Iwashi namanje yasungulwa. ULimi Lwezinhlelo ze-sazo sasingamashumi Dzhon Garrison. Kodwa kule navigation baqhubeka besebenzisa izindlela ezindala. Izinto zashintsha lapho kokusungulwa umsakazo. amatilosi Modern zisebenzisa idatha satellite ekutholeni i-longitude.

inkomba iphuzu

Njengoba kushiwo, izwe ngalinye, okuyinto wavelelwa Observatory, wenza yayo ekuqaleni longitude inkomba. Ngokusebenzisa Paris Observatory ugijima Meridian eponymous. Kwaba ethandwa ekhulwini XIX.

ERussia, iqanda Meridian egqoka igama Pulkovo. Igama aluthola Observatory, etholakala eduze Petersburg. Kwakuvamise eRussia ngokuyinhloko. Lokhu "zero" Meridian sidlula Mogilev, Kiev esifundeni, iLake Tanganyika e-Afrika, imibhoshongo ecijile yaseGibithe. Ngesikhathi sigaba samanje alisetshenziswa.

Popular Ferro Meridian wadabula siqhingi Canarian of the gama elifanayo. Waqale esetshenziswa lukaPtolemy.

Kusukela ngekhulu XIX eNgilandi kukhona Greenwich Meridian. Yena igxilile njengendlela "zero" inkomba longitude ezweni lanamuhla.

Greenwich zero Meridian - ulayini ngengqondo edabula London. Kusukela Pulkovo kwadingeka umehluko lamadigri 30, nge-Paris - 2.

inkomfa Meridian

Ngo-1884, ku-ukukhokhela Ukudidiyela inkomba uhlelo e-Washington bahlangana zokuma kwendawo ephakeme nabezombusazwe. International inkomfa Meridian baletha ndawonye abameleli abavela eRussia, e-Austria-Hungary, eJalimane, iGreat Britain, iFrance, Denmark, eChile, Venezuela, Japan, eSwitzerland, e-uMbuso WaseTurkey nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Ubude ukuwo 41 abamele.

Ngaphezu sokunquma longitude, abahlanganyeli babenesithakazelo ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi-accounting system. Yini inkinga? Futhi lokho kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XIX, olulodwa, isikhathi obumbene wayengekho. Bonke babejabulela amayunithi wendawo. Lokhu kwabangela izinxushunxushu. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela zindinganiso ziphazamisa ukuhwebelana kwamazwe nge amazinga ehlukene yentuthuko isayensi namasiko. Kube nezinkinga ezokuthutha.

Lapho kufanele aqale i-longitude countdown

Kuzo zonke okuqala ekhona kufanele ukhethe elilodwa. Izinqumo zenziwa ukuvota evulekile, wakhe ubuhanjelwe zonke izihambeli samanje.

Engqungqutheleni ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi into kufanele ibe ekuqaleni inkomba longitude. Meridian Zero, ngokuvumelana iziphakamiso zabantu abasuke bezoza emhlanganweni, odlula Paris, Azores futhi abantu abalisebenzisayo eziQhingini zaseCanary, iBering Strait, Greenwich. Iziqhingi ngokushesha walahlekelwa amazwi abo - kwakungekho ezingeni ofanele ukwesekwa yesayensi. Paris, futhi, akazange amavoti. Ferro, nakuba ethandwa, noma bhunkula. London won Meridian prime, wenqaba France kuphela.

Kancane wesikhathi

Eyokuqala ukukhuluma ngesidingo ubunye namazinga sikhathi, wayengomunye uMnu Sandford Fleming, unjiniyela elula Canadian. Uma aphume lokudlela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi selishonile isitimela futhi waphuthelwa umhlangano obalulekile. Ngakho, kusukela ngo-1876, uFleming wafuna kabusha.

Udaba kwanqunywa engqungqutheleni e-Washington. isikhathi ohlelweni zone sesakhiwe, esisetshenziselwa kuze kube manje. Innovations asamukelanga zonke. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Russia usejoyine ejwayelekile kuphela ngo-1919. Germany, France, e-Austria-Hungary nawo ahlanganyela kamuva.

Isethenjwa qophelo zero Meridian. Olwandle, nasemachibini, umhlaba sihamba kulo mugqa engokomfanekiso. Imingcele emikhulu ebusweni bomhlaba kuyimiphumela 24 meridians. Kodwa azinakho wonke umuntu kulandela yilesi sigaba. Izizathu zalokhu - usayizi amazwe. I amawashi olunembile kakhulu emhlabeni futhi e-Greenwich. By the way, uhlelo GPS ibonisa umsuka longitude alikho Observatory, futhi amamitha 100 kuwo.

Greenwich Observatory

Isikhungo se-Astronomical Ucwaningo e-UK kanye umsuka longitude - Observatory e Greenwich. Le ndawo inomlando ocebile. Kusekelwe ekhulwini XVII ngemizamo iNkosi uCharles II. Engakabi bayo, Observatory washintsha indawo yayo. Umqondo yokudala leso sikhungo ingeyona enkosini sikahulumeni Jonas Moore. Yena wathonya inkosi ukuba ukubaluleka Observatory, futhi isazi sezinkanyezi abakhulu Dzhona Flemstida wasikisela okwenza. Ngokushesha lesi sakhiwo zaklama futhi zakha izindawo, share sengonyama ngokulungiswa kwemigwaqo imali kwaba emahlombe Moore sika.

Kube ziye zakha olunembile iwashi nesikhathi inkomba. Njengoba yaziwa, udabula le Observatory ekuqaleni inkomba longitude. Ezingeni lendawo, Greenwich Meridian ukuqalisa usebenzisa emuva ngo 1851, futhi ovunyelwe iSigungu engqungqutheleni odumile 1884.

Observatory kanye wazama ukushaya up! Ngaleso sikhathi, 1894, kwaba eliyingqayizivele, icala lokuqala emlandweni waseBrithani.

Ngesikhathi samanje Observatory esiteji iyaqhubeka ukusebenza. Kukhona izinto eziningi ezehlukene ucwaningo kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi. Empeleni, kuba Museum, okuyinto iyisonto ziphephile eziningi zenani elikhulu. Zibonisa umlando isayensi nobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni sesikhathi. yokwakha kabusha eyenziwa muva wadala izinkanyezi, nemipheme.

isiphetho

Prime Meridian - longitude reference iphuzu futhi isikhathi. Kodwa leli gama ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo. Ngakho, ngo-2006 eRussia yaba yiqembu ethandwa "Prime Meridian". "Ingabe amazwi ami" - ingoma edume kakhulu leli qembu.

Countdown-longitude kwaphela iminyaka eminingi kwenziwa Greenwich. Dedani emgqeni zero Meridian, esichaza izixhumanisi kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. It ezidabula wonke zasempumalanga futhi enkabazweni engasentshonalanga. Zero Meridian sidlula Algeria, Ghana, Mali, Spain, iGreat Britain, iFrance. Ngakho, kula mazwe akhiwe zombili ama- ngesikhathi esifanayo.