Dekommunizirovat - is ukuthini lokho? Dekommunizirovannye idolobha

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union ngo-1992 futhi ukuqedwa Warsaw iSivumelwano Inhlangano eYurophu baqala izinqubo asebenzayo phezu ukuqonda esidlule lamaKhomanisi bese imiphumela hegemony Soviet. Eqaphela ukuthi dekommunizirovat - is, phakathi kwezinye izinto, aphenye ubugebengu kohulumeni lamakhomanisi, uhulumeni waqala ukuvula amafayela, setha ikhomishini kanye netinkantolo letikhetsekile.

I esibuhlungu eziseMpumalanga Yurophu

Iningi amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu siwela sphere Soviet ithonya akuyona yokuzithandela. Futhi leli qiniso bathonywa isimo sengqondo ukuze nakho konke okuye kwalethwa ezazifundisa ubuKhomanisi. Nokho, emazweni amaningi ngaphandle kwekamu sezenhlalo ukuqonda okukha phezulu kakhulu wezinkinga ifa Soviet. Dekommunizirovat ngabo - okungaka ukuthola amandla hhayi ukuphinda amaphutha esikhathi esidlule, bangaki zama ukubeka icala amabutho angaphandle.

Inani labantu base-amazwe ezifana Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, kanye Serbia Yiqiniso, unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa ezinye izicelo hhayi nje ohulumeni bazo, kodwa futhi iSoviet Union, okuyinto nakanjani atholakalayo, kuhlanganise ukungenela ezempi, uzama ukugcina ngaphansi kolawulo uthi esizimele nempumalanga Europe.

revolution Ukrainian futhi Decommunization

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, abantu base-Ukraine kanye nohulumeni wabo ayikwazanga ukunquma ngesimo sabo sengqondo ukuze esidlule Soviet. Kodwa uhulumeni, owathatha uViktor Yanukovych, kwakuvumelana okwengeziwe kulokhu. E-Ukraine, yaqala ukubonakala dekommunizirovannye edolobheni. ECrimea asithinteki, njengoba izakhamuzi zakhona uvotela kokuhlanganiswa neRussia.

ukunakekelwa okukhethekile lesikhumbuzo njengabakufanelekele ukuhlaziswa umholi yesigaba sabasebenzi. E-Ukraine, kwakukhona ukuthi izintatheli ngokuthi "leninopadom". Eqaphela ukuthi dekommunizirovat - kuba, kuhlanganise nokuvuka lahlani iyiphi izikhumbuzo esidlule Soviet, abantu bakuleli dolobha waphithizelisa off ezinezikhoxe yabo amatshe ezikhumbuzo Lenin. Nokho, kuphela Ngokuwa ukubaza akazange ayeke.

IKhabhinethi Wongqongqoshe bamukela iphakethe kwemithetho ukuthi empeleni dekommuniziroval lokho kusho - uqambe kabusha wonke umuzi lethiwa phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet. Umuzi wathola amagama amasha, laseDnepropetrovsk yaphenduka Dnieper.

Ukudalulwa zomlando kanye ukufana nazo denazification

abasekeli abaningi decommunisation bakholelwa ukuthi konke izwe lapho ezazifundisa ubuKhomanisi Sasinjani isimo kumele zithathe amanyathelo ukuphenya amacala ngesikhathi. empeleni Okungukuthi ulandele isibonelo uhulumeni German bese uqale ukuxosha amaKhomanisi, esenqabela zonke izimpawu okusikhumbuza nobukhomanisi.

Ezinye abameli olukhulu kakhulu kule nqubo akholelwa ukuthi isimo kufanele kube kakhulu dekommunizirovat. Ubalulekile kubo, kulesi simo, futhi kufaka phakathi lustration, ie imikhawulo zomthetho phezu amalungelo nenkululeko abasekeli umbuso odlule. Nokho, akubona bonke osopolitiki ukusekela izinyathelo ezinzima kule endleleni enzima.

Hungarian isipiliyoni decommunisation

Izakhamuzi Hungary kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe uyaqiniseka hhayi kuphela isihluku umbuso wakhe siqu, kodwa futhi wazibonela kahle amandla eSoviet Union, wacindezela kuvukela ngezinqola zempi izakhamuzi 1956.

Ukuze Hungarian uhulumeni dekommunizirovat - akusiwona nje ukuqeda izimpawu lamaKhomanisi phezu odongeni lwendlu olungaphambili izakhiwo zikahulumeni, kodwa futhi iyakwenqabela ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa omashiqela, ngokombono izishayamthetho, ukulingisa sezenhlalo.

Futhi ngokubhekana nalo iziphathimandla Hungary ubukhomanisi umane prirovnyat German nobuNazi nobugebengu kukahulumeni wakhe siqu Kwesizwe. Manje, noma ubani enquma inselelo yokuthi ubugebengu noma ukululaza yokubaluleka kwawo, edonsa ejele. INkantolo kungenzeka ukuthi abeke izinhlawulo ezisukela onyakeni owodwa kuya eminyakeni emithathu.

umthetho okunjalo futhi bamukelwe eBulgaria, lapho umuntu oyedwa walahlwa yicala ngaphansi kwalo. Wagwetshwa iminyaka eyisikhombisa ejele, wadedelwa ngezizathu zempilo ngonyaka kamuva. Ngakho uhulumeni omusha uye wabonisa kwehlukana kwaso kusukela ezazingaphambi kwayo uma ungazinqumela hhayi ukucekela phansi umuntu emigodini. Phela, okungasekelwe deskriditirovala unya ezazifundisa ubuKhomanisi.

Dekommunizirovat - lokho lapho uzwa lelo gama kusho e-Asia

Ngemizamo eSoviet Union, imibuso zamaKhomanisi sezisunguliwe hhayi kuphela e-Eastern Europe kodwa futhi emazweni amaningi ase-Asia. Futhi ngokuvamile umzabalazo zezombusazwe phakathi kwamaqembu ehlukene bathatha ukuma enyantisayo ngokuphelele.

Ngokwesibonelo, e Cambodia ngokuba okuphenya obomvu Khemri ubugebengu umbuso, iqhaza ochwepheshe eZizweni Ezihlangene sakha ikundla ekhethekile. Okwenzeka umthetho lamaKhomanisi kwakushaqisa ngakho ngoba abantu balapha futhi elite zezombusazwe ukuthi ukubhekana naye kwakungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kosizo emphakathini ngamazwe. Ngemva kweminyaka emine nje Cambodia babulawa cishe izigidi ezintathu izakhamuzi abangenacala.

umbuso yaseCambodia yayiyize womele igazi ukuze ngaphansi ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu nje kuphela abameleli elite zezombusazwe wangaphambilini, kodwa ngisho namaKristu, amaBuddha nezihlakaniphi abavamile, ngubani zaqashelwa njengoba izakhi ekilasini elimazayo.

Akumangazi-ke ukuthi ngemva kokuwa ubukhomanisi, lo hulumeni omusha kwasekuqaleni wanquma nje ukuqamba kabusha ezweni labo ukuziqhelelanisa okwakwenzeka, ohlelwe uhulumeni wobushiqela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Cambodia waziwa ngokuthi Republic of Kampuchea.

Kukhanseliwe Decommunization eRussia

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, izakhamuzi ovulekile-nomqondo wanquma ubambe de-Stalinization futhi uyeke ngaphansi kweSoviet, okusho ukubabulala Amatshwayo umbuso zamaKhomanisi futhi emva Khrushchev Olahlwe uStalin.

Ngemva lokujabula jikelele, nge Lubyanka Square ladilizwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze Dzerzhinsky - mhlawumbe omele banengeke kakhulu ukuphepha zombuso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amatshwayo kwamandla Soviet zisusiwe ezinye izimpi, kodwa iningi labo namanje wasinda. Ilondolozwe Kahle nezinkanyezi obomvu ezibiyele imibhoshongo.

Emadolobheni amaningi Russian isisekelo Ensemble tikwele emaphakathi kanye isakhiwo City Council kanye Palace of Culture, namanje isikhumbuzo Lenin. Leso simo evumelana kude hhayi zonke izakhamuzi kanye nokusungulwa ngokuvamile sculptural nge umholi yesigaba sabasebenzi ekubeni yisisulu lihlaselwa izigangi, kodwa ngemva kwalokho, iziphathimandla zedolobha ngokushesha ubuyekeze nopende ezisithekileyo, uzama ukulondoloza kubo ekuhlaseleni esilandelayo. Dekommuniziroval - incazelo yegama elithi abaseRussia cishe akukaqondwa ngokugcwele. Kodwa kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi isikhathi asikwazi ukuguqulwa.

lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa kukaStalin Yenguquko

Ngokushesha impela kwaba sobala ukuthi dekommunizirovat - lena nzima kakhulu futhi eside, futhi ukungabi khona ukuvumelana komphakathi, cishe akunakwenzeka. Ngeshwa, umphumela ukwehluleka ngesikhathi esifanele decommunisation ezweni baba imvuselelo okwandile yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi uStalin. Wonke amasayithi amasha kanye entsha wammisa ezweni lonke, ephawuleka kakhulu eNorth Caucasus republic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakungazange kube nophenyo yobugebengu obenziwa phakathi omnipotence yakhe.