Nitrate Hola. izakhiwo Chemical, ukusetshenziswa

nitrate Ukuhola - kuyinto kwakwakhe wezinto kokuba le ndlela elandelayo: PB (NO3) 2. Esimweni esejwayelekile kuyinto powder emhlophe noma zinhlayiya kungekho nto enemibala emihle. Le into iyashesha oncibilikayo emanzini.

izakhiwo

1. Kuyinto kahle encibilikayo nge ukumuncwa ukushisa ku H2O (amanzi), kahle - e acetone, kanye methyl futhi ETHYL alcohols.
2. It yakha zinhlayiya kungekho nto enemibala emihle diamagnetic, ukuminyana 4,530 g / santimetr³. athomu ngalinye PB (phambili) sizungezwe ama-athomu eziyishumi nambili zakwa-O (i-oksijini). PB-O isibopho ubude 0,281 NM, futhi CHA - 0.127 NM. Ingabe uhlelo cubic. Pa3 kungokwalabo iqembu isikhala. futhi ifomu monoclinic etholwe ngaphandle kwezinhlobo cubic ukuthi ngisho nalapho ukufuthelana kabi encibilikayo H2O (amanzi).
3. ukuncibilika lokushisa Lead ka 600,65 K.

Uyithola kanjani phambili nitrate

Le into is hhayi yendalo. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi baye bahlakulela ezinye izindlela (ezimbonini kanye laboratory), okuyinto ziyancipha nokuqedwa phambili (PB), hydroxide yayo noma oxide e alulaze nitric acid. ukusabela:
3Pb (phambili) + 8HNO3 (nitric acid) = 3Pb (NO3) 2 (nitrate phambili) + 2NO (nitric oxide ikhishwe negesi) + 4H2O (amanzi);
PBO (oxide phambili) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = PB (NO3) 2 (nitrate phambili) + H2O (amanzi);
PB (OH) 2 (hydroxide phambili) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = PB (NO3) 2 (phambili dinitrate) + 3H2O (amanzi).

Ukuze sinqobe hydrolysis nokwehlisa solubility lomthofu dinitrate nitric acid okufanele zithathwe ukuze ngokweqile.

Futhi, phambili dinitrate etholwe njengendlela eceleni e ukuhlanzwa imfucuza acid, nitric acid, isib, uma sicubungula imfucuza izimboni nomthofu-bismuth. Ngemva kwalokho, kwakwakhe isetshenziselwa cyanide leaching egolide.

Yiziphi izindawo chemical babe nitrate phambili

1. i isixazululo aqueous ye-nitrate phambili dissociates ku anions nitrate kanye cations phambili. Nakhu okunjena:

PB (NO3) 2 (phambili dinitrate) = Pb2 + (seka phambili) + 2NO3- (nitrogen oxide anion)

Isisombululo hydrolyzed phambili dinitrate. Lapho ngokweqile isamba nitratokompleksy NO3- akhiqizwa: [PB (NO3) 6] 3-, [PB (NO3) 4] 2- no- [PB (NO3) 3] -. Uma gidronitraty pH ukwanda isixazululo, umphumela ubizwa wadala PB (OH) x (NO3) y Ukwakheka onhlobonhlobo. Ezinye zazo ngesikhathi esifanayo 'idla yodwa isimo okuqinile.

2. Njengoba dinitrate phambili kuyinto kwakwakhe encibilikayo, kungenzeka ukuthola exchange eyasabela ngayo:

2HCl (hydrochloric acid) + PB (NO3) 2 = PbCl2 (chloride phambili kusheshisa) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid);
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + PB (NO3) 2 = PbSO4 (sulfate phambili kusheshisa) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid);
PB (NO3) 2 (phambili nitrate) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = PB (OH) 2 (hydroxide phambili kusheshisa) + 2NaNO3 (sodium nitrate);
PB (NO3) 2 + 2NaN3 (i-sodium azide) = PB (uN3) 2 (azide phambili, ehlele) + 2NaNO3 (sodium nitrate).

Noma yimuphi kwakwakhe ikhemikhali equkethe seka phambili (PB + 2) bazothini ikhambi lapho anion kuyinto iodide. Lokhu yakha kwenze ka ophuzi umbala (Pbl2, iodide phambili). Kubonakala sengathi lesi simo:

Pb2 + 2l- = Pbl2 (pellet)

Elifanayo lokuguqulwa ukuphendula esigabeni okuqinile. Ngokwesibonelo:

PB (NO3) 2 + 2Kl (potassium) = Pbl2 (KULETHA) + 2KNO3 (potassium nitrate)

Ukusetshenziswa nitrate phambili

- esetshenziswa njengoba indaba kokuqala ukwenziwa iningi nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali ka PB (phambili);
- njengenhlangano inhibitor inayiloni polymers nezinye polyesters, njengoba rodenticide, e ezinengilazi lephepha fototermograficheskoy;
- njengoba nitrate phambili - is dovolno compounds eziyingozi endaweni yezimboni manje usebenzisa nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-womshini opende, ukufana kanye iziqhumane ngokuphelele compounds phambili.
- endaweni yokucwaninga ye-nitrate phambili isetshenziswa njengoba umthombo ezinhle futhi elula dinitrogen tetroxide;
- esanda kutholakala eziningi limited kakhulu ekhuthaza yekhemikhali esetshenziswa cyanidation igolide.
- e Organic Chemistry, PB (NO3) 2 isetshenziswa njengoba oxidant, ukuthola dithiocarbamate ka isothiocyanates. ke ngenxa ubuthi bayo okusezingeni eliphezulu isetshenziswa sincipha isibalo sawo.

ukuphepha

nitrate Lead libhekwa njengoba isigaba 2A (kungenzeka ibangele umdlavuza kwakwakhe). ephefumula Ingamukeleki of intuthu enobuthi noma ukungenisa yayo nokuxhumana isikhumba noma mucosa. dinitrate phambili kufanele igcinwe ngaphansi kolawulo. Chemical ubuthi nale kwakwakhe kuholela elinobuthi, gliomas nomdlavuza kwezinso, ubuchopho kanye namaphaphu.